Lesson 1 A private conversation

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

private adj. 私人的

conversation n. 谈话

theatre n. 剧场,戏院

seat n. 座位

play n.

loudly adv. 大声地

angry adj. 生气的

angrily adv. 生气地

attention n. 注意

bear v. 容忍

business n.

rudely adv. 无礼地,粗鲁地

private  adj.私人的

adj. 私人的

private life 私生活

private school 私立学校

It's my private letter.  (如果妈妈想看你的信

It's my private house. (如果陌生人想进你的房子

adj. 普通的

private citizen 普通公民

I’m a private citizen. citizen n. 公民

private soldier 大兵

Private Ryan》(《拯救大兵瑞恩》

public adj. 公众的,公开的(private 的反义词

public school  公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place 

privacy n.

It’s privacy. 这是我的!(愿让别道的)

 

conversation  n.谈话

have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词

conversation 用于正式, 往往不正式

subject of conversation 

They are having a conversation.

talk 可正式可正式, 也可以私人

 


Let’s have a talk.

dialogue 对话, 可以正式国家与国家会谈

China and Korea are having a dialogue.

chat 闲聊北京人说的,说的是无关紧要的事。

gossip 嚼舌头,

theatre  n.剧场, 戏剧

cinema n.

seat n.座位

have a good seat/place,这里的 seat place(指地)不是 chair. take a seat/take your seat ,

Is the seat taken? 这个位有人吗?请坐的 3 种说:

Sit down, please.  (命令性)

Take your seat, please.

Be seated, please.  ()

作为动词的 seat sit 区别

sitsatsitten vi.

He is sitting there. 他坐在那

seat vt.让某

seat sb.  让某坐,后

Seat yourself.

You seat him.你给他找个位.

 

When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.

A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated sit down 下;be seated=take a seat

angry adj. 生气的

angrily adv. 生气的

angry =cross

I was angry. /He was cross. annoyed: 火的;

be blue in the face 脸上突然变色

 I was annoyed.  I wasangry/cross. I was very angry.

 I am blue in the face. (青了, 相当生气了)

 


attention n. 注 意 Attention ,please. 请注意(口语) pay attention 注意

pay attention to ……注意

You must pay attention to that girl. pay a little attention 稍加注意pay much attention 多加注意

pay more attention 更多注意 pay no attention  不用注意 pay close attention  特别注意

bear(bore, born)  v. 容忍

vt. 受,支撑承担负担

Can the ice bear my weight?

Who will bear the cost? 承担笔费用?

vt. 忍受(一can/could 用于句及定句

She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看受不了。

How can you bear living in this place? 受得了在这个地方?

bear =stand =put up with I can't bear/stand you.

endure:忍受,容忍

put up with :忍受

I got divorced离婚.I could not put up with him bear/stand/endure 忍受的极

bear n. white bear 白熊

bear hug :热情(热烈)拥抱

give sb. a bear hug

 

business n. , 生意

n. 生意

business man :生意人 do business: 生意

go to some place on business:因公出差

I went to Tianjin on business.

n. 人自的私人的事

It's my business. (指私人的事, 己处理的事) It's none of your business. 你的事。

rudely adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地

rude adj. 粗鲁的,无礼的

pay vt. &vi. 支 付

 


vt. &vi. 支付价款等

Have you paid the taxi-driver?

You can pay a deposit ofthirty pounds… 可以30 英镑的……

I’ll pay by instalments.

I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. pay…for sth. /支付……(钱)买……

vt. &vi. 给予(注意去(访问

They did not pay any attention.

We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 星期天我们去拜访了老师。

n. 工资,报酬

I have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。

Text

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily.

"It's none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!"

 

参考译文:

星期我去看戏. 我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大声地说. 我非常生气, 因为我听不见演员在说什么. 我回过去怒视那一男一女, 他们却毫不. 最后, 我忍不, 又一次回过, 生气地说 : “我一个字听不见了!”

“不你的事, 那男的毫不客气地说, 这是私人间的谈话!”

 

【课文讲解】

1Last week I went to the theatre.

动词 go 的原义是开一个地方去另一个地方,与介词 to 用后,常加上主语要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。

go to the + 表示去地干嘛

go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play 去剧场看戏

go to the cinema =see a film 去电院看电

go to the dairy 去牛奶店

go to the + + 's 表示去这个人开的店

go to the doctor's 去看病go to the butcher's 买肉

以下短语中名词前不冠词:

go to school go to church 礼拜go to hospital(医院) 去看病go to bed 床,睡觉

go homehome 相连表示没有事情可做,回家休息

I am at home. 在家休息

2I had a very good seat.

seat  指戏院、汽车的固座位,也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”概念。

 


the front seat of a car 汽车的前座

Take a seat, please. 请 坐 。

3I did not enjoy it.

enjoy vt. 欣赏,享受,喜爱

enjoy +n.  喜欢,中得到一种享受(后跟人

I enjoy the music.

enjoythe dinner/film/program/game

enjoy oneself/ 玩的开

We always enjoy ourselves.

enjoy +动名词

Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.

 

4I got very angry.

get 在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义,接近 become,是个表示过的动词,表示状态的变化。I was very angry 则仅表示时的状态是生气,并不暗示过

I am/was angry. 是一个事实 I got angry. 强调变化过It is hot.

It got hot.

got 取代 be 动词,got 是一个半联系动词,可以直接形容词。

5I could not hear the actors. I turned round. hear+:听见人的话

I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?

I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words. I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.

Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words. turn round =turn around 转 身

6In the end, I could not bear it.

in the end 最后,终于,表示一段较的时间之后或种努力之后

She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help. I could not bear it/you/the noise.

 

7I can't hear a word! I can't hear a word.

美音:I can ,I can't, 它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音很难区别, 根据上下文来

hear a word of sb. a word 于一

He didn't say a word.

May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?

 


8It's none of your business.

one’s business 人(所关心的或份的事

It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business. 你的事。

It is mybusiness to look after your health. 我必须照顾你的身健康。

none 相当not any no one,但语气较强。

She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封没有保留。

none of  这个语有时可以表达一种断、甚至粗暴的口气,尤其是在祈使中:

None of your silly remarks! 说傻话了!

 

 


Key structures


简单陈述句的语序

 


陈述是有主语,有动词,有宾语,

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

when?

Who?

Action

Who?

How?

Where?

When?

 

Which?

What?

 

Which?

What?

 

 

 

1   ---主语,一由名词、代词或名词语构成,通常位于动词之前,动词必须与主语一致,即主语决

动词的单复数形

2  ---谓语,由动词充

3  ---宾语,一为名词、代词或名词

4  ---副词或介词,对方或状态提问,往往状语 I like her very much

5  ---状语,一在方副词之后,时间副词之前

6  ---时间状语,可以放在首或末简单陈述少的是主语, 谓语.

如果问何时何地,是一个固搭配 when and where

 

Multiple choice questions

1  The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily    b   .

a. and they stopped talking b. but they didn't stop talking

c. but they didn't notice him d. but they looked at him rudely "They did not pay any attention." 不是没看见,只是思想没在意 pay attention: 从思想注意、在意,如交通安全应注意.

notice: 眼睛注意(=see 眼睛看)

I notice her.

4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting _ d     them.

a. before b. above c. ahead of d. in front of behind:  ……

in front of ……(对静止的概念)

before ……(面加词或子,一和时间相连)

He arrived before six o'clock. before he came back

above ……上面

ahead of …… (+时间、位)(动态的行为)

 


 

ahead of time

He goes ahead of me.

 

5 _ c  did the writer feel? Angry.

a. Where b. Why c. How d. When

问词对后的答案提问

how(adv.)——对一个方、状态提问,对形容词、副词、介词语提问

7 The young man and the young woman paid _d    attention to the writer.

a. none b. any c. not any d. no any ——用在否定句

some——用在肯定句

none——代词,没有任何东西、没有任何人

None knows./None of us knows. not——否,要放在非实义动词后not any=no

He didn't pay attention. no——形容词、修饰名词

I don't have any friends./I have no friends. I have no time./I don't have any time.

 

11 The writer could not bear it. He could not    c  it.

a. carry  b. suffer c. stand d. lift bear 忍受=stand

suffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦,suffer 必须一种痛苦

I suffer the headache.(肉体上的痛苦

He often suffers defeat.(精神的痛苦defeat n. 失败

 


Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

until prep. 直到

outside adv.

ring v. (铃、电话)响(rang, rung

aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅母

repeat v. 重复

until prep.直到

until 用于表示动作、状态的持续,译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中,它与表示持续状态的动词用,表示持续到一时刻:

I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里5 钟。

His father was alive until hecame back. 直到他回来为止,他爸爸是活.

在否定句中,它通常与描述暂动作的动词用,表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”:

She cannot arrive until 6. 她到 6 来。

His father didn't die until he came back. 直到他回来,他爸爸才死.

until(后的从)的时间终止之前,这个动作了还是没了前的主用肯定;的主

用否

For he   A(C)_ (wait) until it stopped raining.

A. waited B. didn't wait

A. leave B. left C. didn't leave I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.

I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.

 

outside adv. (作状语

He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outside.

ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话)

vt. 鸣,(铃、电话)(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某)

Every morning the clock rings at 6. The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

风铃响要用 jinglejingle (bell) () 响叮

vt. 打电话给(美语中callring sb. 人打电话

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

n. (打)电话

give sb. a ring

Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.

n. 戒指

 


aunt n. ,,,舅妈(一辈的女性都用这个称呼)则是 uncle: 叔叔

他们的孩子:cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女) cousin

的孩子:nephew 外甥niece 外甥女

repeat v. 重 复

vt. 重复

Will you repeat the last word?

They are repeating that wonderful paly.

vi. ,重说

Please repeat after me.

Don’t repeat.

 

Text

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'

'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said. 'What are you doing?' she asked.

'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'

 

参考译文:

那是个星期天, 在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “雨了. “在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚火车, “她说, “我这来看你. “

“但我还在吃早饭, 我说.

“你在干什么?” 她问道.

“我在吃早饭, 我又说了一遍.

“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经 1 钟了!”

 

【课文讲解】

1It was Sunday.

it 指时间、天气、温或距it 被称为“虚主语”(empty subject。作为第三人称单数的中代词, it 可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人:

It is a lovely baby.

 

2I never get up early on Sundays.

on  Sundays:  有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一现在时用,表示经常的行为。

介词 on 用于表示一天的时间语中:on Mondayon Monday morningon that day

使用lastnextthisthat  时,介词(以及定冠词)必须省略:

 


I’ll see you next/this Friday.

 

never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前)=助动词+not (变成否定句,助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her.

 

3I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.

在表达卧床时bed 前不需冠词:

It’s time for bed now.

You must stay/remain in bed for anothertwo days. 你必须再卧床两天。

4Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 在那时

如果不道对方性别, /可以it 取代

Who are you?/Who is it ?

 

5I've just arrived by train,

by 直接交通工具(有任何修饰词, 复数)如果修饰词, 要换掉 by in on

I go out by bus.

I go out in/on two buses. (指具的两辆车介词用 in/onLong ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.

如果是指的交通工具,则要冠词或其他限定词:

My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

 

by air  by bicycle/bike 骑自行

by boat  by bus 乘公

by car 乘小汽 by land 由陆

by plane 乘飞 by sea 由海

by ship  by train 乘火

6I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.

come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一将来,表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用的动词有:gocomeleavearrivelandmeetdiestartreturnjoin…

 

7Dear me!

天哪!英国人说 Dear me!My dear!

美国人说 : My god! 注意美英的发音不同.

 

 


Key structures


现在进行时和一般现在时

 


现在进行时表示说话的在发生或在发生的事件,用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进

行时常与 nowjuststill 副词用: I am working as a teacher. "现阶段"

He is still sleeping. (现在还在睡觉

 


Jane is just dressing up. 在打扮。

现在时表示习惯动作, , 是过去、现在和未来会发生的事。一现在时一与频率副 oftenalwayssometimesneverfrequentlyrarelyever 等连用。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.

频率副词往往放在子中实义动词, , 要放在两个之间;疑往往定句not always 之前, generallynormallyoftenregularly usually 之前not 须出 sometimes frequently 之后。表示肯速记可以用在特别和需要对比时frequentlygenerallynormallysometimesusually              副词首。

I get paid on Friday usually.

Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.

非实义动词 :

系动词(be)

帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)

态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外是实义动词.

 

I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容词作状语

He went to school hungry.饿肚子. You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.

 

Special Difficulties

what 开头的感叹句:

在英语中what  引导的感叹来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦,在感叹中主谓语采用常语序。

What 对名词感叹,感叹的结构为:What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!

What a good girl (she is)! (主、谓

上下文和一的语境,  省略形容词。一省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。

What a thing to say! 么难听的话啊!

What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!

 

Multiple choice questions

5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up _ a _ .

a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardly late <adj.& adv.> 晚 的

lately <adv.> =recently <adv.>最近的, 近来的.

How are you going lately? 最近一段时间身还好吗?

 

8 He _ a_ out of the window and saw that it was raining.

a. looked b. saw c. remarked d. watched look <vi.> 表示看的动作,后介词

see <vt.> 表示看的结果,后直接宾语

watch <vt.> 表示观看,后直接宾语, 但宾语一够活动的东西

look at pictures ()watch pictures()

 


 

11 Breakfast is the first    d  of the day.

a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meal lunch 中餐 food 食 物

dinner 

一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal 一顿饭

 


Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card

New words and expressions】生词和短语11

send v. 寄,送

postcard n. 明信片

spoil v. 使索无味,损坏

museum n. 博物馆

public adj.

friendly adj. 友好的

waiter n. 服务员,招待员

lend v. 借给

decision n.

whole adj. 整个的

single adj. 唯一的,单一的

send v. ,

send a letter  寄信

send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 人送(寄)什么东西

send/take children to schooltake 强调人亲自送send 则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车

take flowers to his wife

send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送

postcard n. 明信片

两个爆破音在一起,前者失去爆破音。这里/t//k/前者失去爆破音

name card /visiting card 名片

Here is my name card. (口语常用同时伴随递出的动作)

ID card 身份 ID  身份

credit card 信用卡

cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(的那种)

spoil(spoiledspoilt)  v. 使索无味, 损坏

vt. 弄坏,损坏,糟蹋

The sad news spoiledour weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没过好周末。

The rain spoiled theschool sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。

This spoiled my day. What you said spoiled me.

His arrival spoiled my holiday.

vt. 宠坏,惯坏,溺爱

Don’t spoil your children. 太惯孩子。

His parents spoiled the boy.

 


spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱

break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃

damage: 破坏, 程度不一很重

destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁

以上三个是指物理上的破坏, spoil 主要指精神

museum n. 博物馆

Palace Museum 故宫

public adj.

adj. 的,公众的,社会的

There is a public library in this town.

I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.

adj. 公开的,众人皆

Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他们的秘密会晤 20 后才被公开。

public house(酒吧)简称 pub public place

in public 公开的in private 

Let’s have a conversation in private. 我们私谈谈?

Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)

n. 公众,群众,大众

The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公众对他的解释很满意。

The museum is open to the public on Sunday.

 

 


 

 

 

way


friendly adj. 友好的

friendly 是形容词,单独使用时一般做定作为状语表示这个人什么事很友好, in a friendly

 

He is not very friendly to John. She gave me a friendly greeting.

He always greets me in a friendly way.

-ly 结尾的形容词还有 lovelybrotherlyfatherlymanlymotherly

 

waiter n. 服务员, 招待员

waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里

chief waiter 领班

I want to see thechief waiter. 我要见你们的领班。

shop assistant 商店里的店员

attendant n. (其他公的)服务员

lend v. 借给

lend to(借出lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.

Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.

borrow from(借进borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. borrow borrow sb sth.

 


He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.

 

decision n.

make /take a decision 作出决

It was not easy for me to make/take this decision. Are you made/taken a decision?

make a big/great decision (big:重大great:伟大, 重大) decide v.

whole adj. 整个的

a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶

the whole…the whole day  整天 two whole weeks 整整两星

all th…all the day (the 省略) 

all of 如果代词, 代词前不需要修饰词一旦要名词, the all of usall of the students

 

single adj. 唯一的, 单一的反义词 : double 双倍的

Text

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a singlecard!

参考译文:

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的服务员教了我几意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字不懂. 我每天明信片的事.假期过得真快, 我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决. 我早早起了床, 买来了 37 张明信片. 我在房间里了整整一天. 然而一张明信片没写成!

 

【课文讲解】

1Last summer, I went to Italy. last

adj. 一个

last summer 里的 last 表示 一个

adj. 最后一个,表示“最后一个”时要冠词 the

the last day 最后一天 (具到一天一天的早中晚要用on

2A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Italian Italy : 注意重读音的位不同

 


teach sb. sth. 做某

 


He teaches our English.() He teaches us English.()

语言不, 所以要用 a little Italian a few words of Italian

I can speak a little English/a few words of English.

a few 与复数数名词用,表示肯,含somea small number of(一些,少数几个)的意思。 The police would like to ask him a few questions.              警察要问他一些问

3Everyday I thought about postcards.

think about/of 考虑, 思考,指一段时间一直在想/考虑, think of 指想到

What do you think of?

What do you think of TV program last night?

What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气么样? think over 仔细考虑,反复思考

What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly(非常非常冷), freeze

I'll freeze.我要冻僵了

4 I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend 与表示时间的词或和时,意思为“花(时间”、“过” spend+时间+: 在什么地我花/过了少时间

I spend three hours in the sea.

I spend my weekend at my mother's.

I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)

spend 可以表示“花钱”

If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car.

 

 


Key structures


一般过去时

 


过去时通常表示过去发生的现在已经结束的事件、动作或况。它通常指动作何时发生,

指动作持续久。

Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter.

 

Special Difficulties

直接宾语与间接宾语

双宾语:直接宾语(表示动作结果,动作的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标,动作是谁做的或为谁做的,通常是人)。间接宾语大下置于直接宾语之前,如果间接宾语在后,间接宾主前必须to

(表示动作对什么人)或“for”(表示动作为什么人而做

give sb. sth./give sth to sb

间接宾语在后, 其前必须to(……而)for(……而做)可以翻译为

 


的,for如果只翻译为“给”的, to

to 相连give, take, pass, read, sell, buypayhandbringshowpromiseofferowe

take flowers to my wife.

for 相连buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you .

make a cake for you find sth. for sb.

do sb. a favor 人一个忙

Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙

I do something for you.

Can I order something for you?

Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思

Multiple choice questions

4    a  him a few words of Italian? The waiter.

a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach

主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom

who 可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, whom 对宾语提问

如果对主语提问, 子的语序和陈述语序一样如果对非主语来提问, 子要使用问词+般疑的语序

Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?

 

5  He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer     d  .

a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way He spoke to the writer like a friend.

in...way :..., 作为状语表示这个人什么事很友好, in a friendly way

 

7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room _ c_ day.

a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of all (the) day

all of 如果代词, 代词前不需要修饰词 all of us一旦要名词, the

all of the friends all of my friends all of the students

 

10  On the last day he made a big decision. It was the     a  day of his holiday.

a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom

final——形容词 end——名词/动词 latest——形容词 bottom——名词 latest adj. 最新的

latest newslatest style

11  He made a big decision. He    b  .

a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish think about:考虑、思考、想              make up one's mind:下定决心

change one's mind:改变主 make a wish : 许个心, ,

 


Lesson 4 An exciting trip

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

exciting adj. 人兴奋的

receive v. 接受,收到

firm n. 商行,公司

different adj. 不同的

centre n. 中心

abroad adv. 在国外

exciting adj. 人兴奋的

exciting adj. 人兴奋的excited adj. 兴奋

-ed: 感到 / -ing:人感到

The news exciting.

exciting boy 人兴奋的男孩

I am excited.

excite v. 激动 (这类动词的宾语一是人,的人感到……

The news excited me.

 

interesting adj. 人感到有趣的interested adj. 感到有意思

interesting man

The man is interesting. interest v. ……感兴趣

The book interests me.  那本书我感到很有趣

receive v. 接受, 收到

vt. 接到,收到,得到

When did you receive that letter?

vt. 招待,接待

You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.

 

receive 是“收到”,指的是一个被动的动作,主观接受与否不清楚。

receive/have a letter from sb. accept 同意接收

This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.

take 则是主动的“拿”、“取”

I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到

take the exam 接受考试 take advice 接受建

firm n. 商行, 公司

company n. 公司

 


different adj. 不同的

adj. 不同的,异的(经常与 from

We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。

My room is different from yours.

adj. 各种各样的,不同的

This department store sells a large number of different things.

这家百货商店出售许各种各样的东西。

He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。

abroad adv. 在国外(副词, 直接和动词

go abroad 去国外 live abroad  国外study abroad   国外学习

Text

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

 

参考译文

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信, 在澳大利亚. 他在那已经6 个月了. 蒂姆是个工, 在一家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车, 现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. 他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯. 我弟弟前从未出过国, 因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心.

 

【课文讲解】

1I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

同位语:一个名词(或)与另一个名词(或语)并列作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。

在译成汉语时,同位语或者插入主中,或者另译为一,很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

This is John, one of mybest friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。

2He has been there for six months. one monthtwo months 注意读音

I have arrived in Beijing. arrive  是瞬间动词不和段时间

has been + in

He has been in Beijing for one year. He has been in America for tow years.

 


3He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in

 


 

Australia.

work for ……上/任职,强调 work I am working for a school.

work in 强调地(在哪个地方

I am working in the New Oriental school. work at

She works at a department store.

 

a number of 加可数名词复数通常 number 前有greatlargegoodsmallcertain 形容词,数量大小随之改变。a great number of 类似于, a lot of

A large/great number of our students are Danish.

There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.

 

a lot of 可加可数名词也可加数名词

I have a lot of friends

I have a great number of friends.

 

4He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone to              去了地没回来

has been to 曾经去过现在不在那个地方

Have you been to Paris?

 

5From there, he will fly to Perth. from there:从那地方起

from 可以加时间又可以加

from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing

fly to Perth = go to Perth by air

 

6My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting. before 子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”,是现在完成时态的标志

find 作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语(一为形容词,说明宾语的状况、

find +宾语+形容词宾补

find the room clean find her happy

be finding 在口语中经常使用

I'm finding... . . We’re finding... ...

 

下面表示状态、感觉、绪、精神活动的动词不用于进行时:believedoubtseehearknowunderstandbelongthinkconsiderfeellookseemshowmindhavesoundtasterequirepossesscarelikehatelovedetestdesire

 


 

 


Key structures


现在完成

 


现在完成时表示动作现存的结果,或者过去发生的事对现在的响。常与现在完成时用的副词和副词

语:before (now)its the first tiem(第一次)so for(到目前为止so far this morning(到午为止)up to now(直到现在)up to the present(直到目前)just(刚刚recently最近already已经 lately(最近now现在)for 一段时间since+时间still(还at last(终于finally最终和否定句中常用 everyetnevernot…ever

I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.

I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.

现在完成时还和表示频的副词用,表示反复和习惯动作,如 often(经常frequently屡次), three times(三次)

I’ve watched him on TV several times.

 

Multiple choice questions

3  Tim is inAustralia. He went    a  Australia six months ago.

a. to b. in c. at d. into

at…  表示位 be at 是典型表示位的介词

go to… 只要to 这个感念, 它的后要有宾语, go to the theater go in… (in 副词)很少宾语 He went in.

go into…  有去向的动作, 还有进入的动 go into the room

move 常用的意义是“动”、“移动”,在表达“搬家”这个意思时 move 可以单独使用,也可组成

move tomove intomove inmove outmove in:搬进来

move to the new house:在搬 move into :搬进去了

move out 搬 走

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow.

 

4  Tim is in Australia. How long    b  there?

a. is he b. has he been c. has he d. was he how long...对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连

11 He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin_c_.

a. quickly  b. for a short time c. shortly d. in a hurry quickly 指的是动作的快

He went quickly .

for a short time 不久, 表示动作延续一段时间

soon = shortly 不久表示在这段时间之后,强调的是时间的快

in a hurry:匆忙的(指动作

 


Lesson 5 No wrong numbers

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

pigeon n. 鸽子

message n. 信息

cover v. 越过

distance n.

request n. 要求,请求

spare part 备件

service n. 业务,服务

pigeon n. 鸽子

It's not my pigeon. None of my business. 我的事。

message n. (口或书的)信息 Here is a message for you from your sister. an oral/written message 口信/便条

leave sb. a message ……留便条

I'll leave you a message.

take a message for sb. 人捎口信

Can I take a message for you? 替你捎个口信吗? Can you take a message for me?  替我捎个口信吗?

take a message to sb. 人口信

打电话 :

Hello!--May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?

--Can you take a message for me? information n. 信息messenger n. 送信人,信使

cover v. 越过覆盖

vt. 盖,覆盖

Snow covered the whole village.

She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。

vt. 行过(一段距,走过(通常不用被动语态

cover+ 越过……

You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.

n. 覆盖物,盖子,罩子,套子

Put a cover on the box!

 

distance n.

keep distance 保持距

 


distant adj.远距Can I share this table?

Can I join you?

importance n.  important adj. 重要

difference  n.  different  adj. 不同

request n. 要求, 请求

n.

request for ……有请求, 有需求

I have a request for the cake.

He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延时间的请求。

She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向里请求帮助。

v. 要求, 请求

request sb.to do sth. ask sb.todo sth. 要求做……

require sb.to do sth. 要求做……

You are required/asked to do sth. (对人要求习惯用被动语态

spare  adj. 备用的

vt. 抽出(时间),

Have you got five minutes to spare? I cannot spare the time.

I have no time tospare.

vt. 饶恕,赦免

The robbers spared his life. ‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.

adj. 余的,空的,剩的,备用的

You can sleep in the spare bedroom.

Where can I get spare parts for this machine? I have no spare time now.

‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.

=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.

 

service n. 业务, 服务

service 作为不数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店对旅客、顾客的侍候、接待或服务作为数名词时可以表示为帮助他人采取的行动或所做的工作。

The service in that hotel is quite good. You have done me a great service.

service 可以指公用事业的业务,如:the mail service(邮政业务the telephone service(电话业务);也可指办这些业务的机构,如:a travel service(旅行社a news service(通讯社)。

At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service.

我很乐意为您效劳. serve v. 服务, 接待

 


——Thank you.

——You are welcome.(次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That's (all)right./That's ok.(绝对

, 绝对过时)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高兴这么, 把自放得很低, 把对方抬得很高)

Thank you for your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念(应鼓掌回应

急之, No thanks.回答

——Sorry.  ——No sorry.

 

Text

Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.

 

参考译文

詹姆斯.斯科先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修, 现在他刚在平赫斯买了另一个汽车修. 平赫特离锡尔伯里只有 5 英里, 但詹姆斯.斯科先生未为他新的汽车修部搞到一部电话机, 所以他买了只鸽子. 昨天, 一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫带到锡尔伯里. 这只鸟只用了 3 分钟飞完了全. 到目前为止,斯科先生从一个汽车修部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他急函件. 这样, 他开始自的私人 电话业务.

 

【课文讲解】

1Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. garage n. 车库, 车行(英美读音不同)

another(+单数名词其它的很个中的一个,

Can you show me another?

other(+名词)  adj.其它的(可加/复数名词) the other 两个之中的另外一个  one…the other…  一个……另一个……

One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading. others(不用再名词)= other + 名词复数

Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).

 

2Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.

介词 from 在这里表示距离上相隔,作“距……”、“离……”讲,常与 away

It is far (away) from here.

Bus stop is only one mile from school/here. Bus stop is only one mile (away).

She has been away from home for 5 days now.

 


How far...? 远(对距提问

How far(away) is the bus stop? How far is your home(from here)?

My home is ten miles away from here. get a telephone 得到电话, 安装电话

3Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. carry v. , 携带(其强调携带的东西不会地)

I carried my son. (背或抱着

I carry the bag. take v.

I take my sister to the cinema.

 

from…to…表示从一个地方到另一个地方 He looked at the girl from head to foot.

The news spread from house to house. 家家户户了这条消息。

4The bird covered the distance in three minutes. cover the distance 飞过那段距

5 Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.

up to now =up till now 到目前为止,到现在为止(作时间状语,时态用现在完成时,相当until/till now)

Up to now, he has not been veryhard-working. request for ……的需求

a great many(+数名词复数) ……

a great many 可以做形容词语:

A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.

也可作代词语:

He has read a great many of the books in this room. a great number of(+数名词复数) 多 …… urgent adj. 急的

something urgent 急的事

 

 


Key structures


一般过去时与现在完成时

 


在表示过去特定时间发生的事或动作时,要用一过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作

并且对现在有响时,则要用现在完成时,时间状语可以是不指的 nowjust 或者 for引导的一段时间,或者不任何时间状语。

过去时与现在完成时的:动作在过去都做过了;区别:过去强调过去的事, 和现在没有任何.

I ate a piece of bread.

 


现在完成时强调过去的事对现在产生的.

I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry. The clock stopped. 陈述事实

The clock has stopped. 过去的事实对现在造成

It snowed yesterday.

It has snowed yesterday. 强调对现在造成

Special Difficulties

way 的短语

in the way 按照,以……

Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我给你示范的方你的工作。

I do the work in the way you showed me. I fly the kite in the way you showed me.

in the/one’s way 挡路妨碍(

Sorry, you are in the way.(在口语中很少用, 直接用 Excuse me.就可以)

Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard. in this way 这样,这种方

He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps. in a way 种意义来说,在程度上

In a way, you are kind.

in a friendly way 用友好的方

in the family way 怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)

The woman is in the family way.

by the way 随便说一声, 随便问一(插入语,改变话时用) By the way, have you seen Harry recently?

on the/one’s way(to) 在去……的途中(陈述) :

on the way to school/the officeon the way home out of the way 

Get out of the way! 你给我滚出去!

get one's own way 随心(at one’s pleasure)

Children get their own way during the holidays.

 

于系动词 : 来说, be become 不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语, 我们称它为系动词.但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不物的实义动词, 常见的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel,

smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand , 这些词有的语称为半联系动词.

 

Multiple choice questions

4  Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage.     b_ he has just bought twelve pigeons.

a. That's so b. That's why c. Because d. For so 表示前是原因, 是结果

That's why+ ……原因, 前者是原因, why 是结果 was caught in the traffic

 


 

jam. That's why I was late.

That's 的表语从常常用问词引导, 一个

That's when we can start class. That's where we will have a meeting. That's how I get to school.

 

8 Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His    b  garage is in Pinhurst.

a. another b. other c. else d. different

在语法上, 冠词(an/a)、形容词物主代词his/my/your、名词有格(my mother's)不同时并存的, 要用只用其中一个

another=an +other 另外一个,强调的是剩的还有好几个中的一个强调的是有三个以上

other 其它的, 单数表示一个, his 取代 the 的位的范围在放宽松, his another , 但不太好

else 其他的,放在被修饰词的后, 会修饰两种词, 问词和不代词修饰问代词: who else,…

What else can I do for you?

修饰不代词:anyone else, anything else

 


Lesson 6 Percy Buttons

New words and expressions】生词和短语4

beggar n. 乞丐

food n. 食物

pocket n. 衣服口袋

call v. 拜访,光顾

beggar n. 乞丐

beg v.乞求

I beg your pardon? beg for 乞求得到

ask for 请求得到(ask sb. for sth. 人索要

food n. 食物(不

a lot of food

 

pocket n. 衣服口袋

inner pocket 口袋jacket pocket 夹克的口袋coat pocket 大衣口袋

pocket book 袖珍书pocket dictionary 袖珍词

pocket pick  的小偷 pocket money  (小孩的)零花钱 change 零钱

get exact change 准备好确的零花钱

beer money (男人的)零花钱

call v. 拜访, 光顾

vt.&vi. 叫,喊

I heard someone calling. call out =shout 大声喊

vt. 呼唤,召唤

Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.

vi. 访问,拜访车、船停靠

Amy called (at our house) yesterday.

The train calls at largestations only. 这列火车只停大站。

call on sb. 拜访

I will call on you.  我要去你家。

call at+visit someplace 拜访

I will call at your home. 我要去你家。

vt.&vi. 打电话

call sb =call up sb. 人打电话

call back 人电话

 


Can you take a message for me? =Can you tell him to call back? call in sb. 招集和邀请

For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.

 

Text

I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

参考译文

我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一房子. 昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门, 问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒. 作为回报, 那乞丐顶地倒立起来, 嘴里还唱. 我给了他一顿饭. 他把食物吃完, 又喝了酒. 后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了. 后来, 一位邻居告诉了我他的. 大家认识他, 他叫珀西.巴顿斯. 他每月对这条街的每户人家光顾一次, 总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒.

 

【课文讲解】

1Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.

knock v. 敲门

vi. 敲门

I knocked, but no oneanswered. knock at 敲(门、窗

knock at the doorknock at the window

vt.&vi. 碰撞

You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌的东西。

Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 今天午吉姆被一辆公汽车撞倒了。

She has knocked a cup over again. 她又碰倒了一个杯子。

vt. 把(人)打成……状态

He knocked Tom out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。

④ 与 off 用时有一些殊含义,一用于口语

vt. 减去,除去,打折扣

They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.

The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.He reduced the price by 10%.

vi. 班,停止,中断(工作

When do you usually knock off? 你一什么时候班?

He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven. 他十一半休息吃中午饭。

2He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.

ask (sb.) for sth =request for sth. 人要什么东西

for 为了这个目的去请求, sb.更多的时候不出现, ask for sth.

The boy asked (his parents)for money again/once more.

 


3In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.

in return for this 作为对……的回报,作为交换(this  在代词中常常指代文的一件事

I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality. hospitality adj. 热情

in return 作为回报

You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I’ll show you some picture books. In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.

He doesn't want anything in return. 他不想得到任何回报

stood on his head 倒立

stand on one's hands 用手(hand 单数是一只手, 双手复数) stand on one's knees  , 膝盖

lie on one's back 

lie on one's side 侧躺

lie on one's stomach 

4Later a neighbour told me about him.

介词 about 可以和一些动词用,表示“……(的”、“涉及……(的

Please tell me about the accident.

tell sb. about sth. 告诉事(about 通过其他事自得出的结论

tell you about him

tell you about the word 解释这个单词的意思

tell sb. sth. 告诉件事(把事直接告诉)

tell you the news

tell you the word 直接告诉这个单词

5Everybody knows him.

everybody 作为主语一作单数看待, 属于不代词

有的不代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebodyanybodyeverything

6He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer. calls at 光顾,拜访

in the street(英国)/on the street(美国) once a month 一个月一次, 单位表达方

once adj. 表示每……一次(表示频率时后直接表示时间的名词), 计量单位 “/” (每……

five kilometers an hour

He goes back to the South once a year.

 

Key structures

A, The and Some

表示不确个人或物时,用不冠词 a/an(单数, 数名词表示不数的名词时,则需要由不冠词量词组成词组。

 


在表示一种笼统概念(某某一类/一种东西)的陈述可以省略 a some A tiger is a dangerous animal.

Tigers are dangerous.

Salt is necessary for/to us all.

表示个确的人或事物或者文已提到过的人或事物, 则要用冠词 the 有时相当

this/that/these/those,数名词单/复数或不数名词均

在姓名、地名、国名(非复合词)以及月份、星期任何冠词。

a the 区别a 是泛指, a man;特, the man

在文章中第一次出现名词的时候往往用 a an 修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the

A man is walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The parcel is full of meat. I have just drunk a glass of milk. Milk is very refreshing.

I ate an apple. Apples are delicious.

She always buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.

姓名前一能加冠词,表示“某某一类人, 具有这种中的一个”,冠词 a a Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人

Special Difficulties

短语动词

些动词的后面加上介词或副词会改变词义这种新的组合称作语动词

put v.

put on 穿,戴

tak v. 拿走

take off 脱掉,摘掉

look v.

look at  look for  寻找look after 照顾look out  look out of 向外

call

call atcall oncall incall back call for 去取, 去接需要

The problem calls for immediate action. 这个问需要立即采取行动

knock v.

knock at 敲门

knock off 

He knocked offearlier. knock off 打折

Knock 10% off the price.

……撞倒,如果有地,用介词 off无地,用介词 over knock sth. off+

knock the vase off the table

I knocked the boy off the bicycle. knock over

A car knocked the boy over.

knock out 打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语) He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.

 


Multiple choice questions

5     A neighbour told me about him. He _d     Percy Buttons was a beggar.

a. told b. said me c. told to me d. said He says + He says +that+say to sb.

tell sb. +that+

He said to me/He told me 他告诉我

He told me he was a Beggar./He said he was a Beggar.

 

6     Everybody knows him.     a  know him.

a. They all  b. Each c. Every d. All they all of us, we all 我们有人

every adj. 每一个

every <adj.> +n. 每一个(, , )

every person likes…

each adj.&pron. 每一个

each <adj.> +neach <pron.>直接作主语或者宾语

each <adj.> person likes.../each <pron.> likes...

every 是形容词,强调整,常用来指一个大的、不确的数目,不直接主语each 作形容词,又作代词,强调个,常用一个确的并通常是有的数目,在作代词时,直接作主语或宾 语,使用第三人称单数

Each child in the school was questioned. Every child enjoys Christmas.

Each of us has his own work to do. They each have a share.

 

7      d does he call? Once a month.

a. How seldom  b. How long c. How soon d. How often once a month 每月一次, 属于频率

对频率提问 : how often

How often do you visit your mother? 对时间和次数提问提问: how long

How long do you visit your mother? 对时间提问提问次数 : how many times

How many times do you visit your mother each month? how soon

How soon will you finish your homework?

 

8     A beggar is a person who     a  .

a. asks for money but doesn't work b. asks for food

c. works hard d. is out of work

out of work 失业

I am out of work./I lose my job.

 


 

10 She gave him a piece of cheese. He put the    a  of cheese in his pocket.

a. bit b. bar c. block d. packet a bit of /a piece of 在英文中经常互用

bar 门闩 : 条状 :

a bar of chocolate; a bar of soap

block n. 房子, 一大块v. 堵塞

packet 一包

12 All the houses in our _ a   are the same age and size.

a. street b. way c. road d. route same age and size 同年代同样

street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道

way, on the way, in the way 住某人的路(强调方向) road 路的通称

road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名) route 路线

〖语法精粹〗

1. How can you_ B    if youare not    ?

A.  listening/hearing B. hear/listening

C. be listening/hear D. be hearing/listening to

如果你不听, 可能听见呢? listen /hear 听见

2. The girl even won't have her lunch before she  D  her homework.

A. will finish B. is finishing C. had finished D. finishes

状语从, 用一现在时取代将来时.

 

3. Those who have applied for the post A  in the office.

A.  are being interviewed B. are interviewing

C.  interviewing (光动词+ing 构成谓语)

D.  to be interviewing (定式构成谓语动词) apply for 申请

interview 

在英文中领导对员工试,员工只试,动词用被动

4. The old scientist   C   to do more for the country.

A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishes D. has beenwished D 为被动语态,从语法上说合, 但不合

表示状态、感觉、绪、精神活动的动词不用于进行时态. wish sb. to do 希望做某

5. If he_ B   ,don't wake him up.

 


 

A.  still sleeps B. is still sleeping

C. still had been sleeping D. will be sleeping still

如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他

 


Lesson 7 Too late

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

detective n. 侦探

airport n. 机场

expect v. 期待,

valuable adj. 贵重的

parcel n. 包裹

diamond n. 钻石

steal v.

main adj. 主要的

airfield n. 飞机起落的场地

guard n. 警戒,守卫

precious adj. 珍贵的

stone n. 石子

sand n. 沙子

detective n. 侦探

detective story 侦探小说

airport n. 机场

airfield n. 飞机起落的场地

port 港口airport 航空港

at the airport 在机场

field 田野airfield 停机坪

on the airfield 在停机坪

expect v. 期待,

vt.&vi. 预计,预料

Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected.

如他老师预料的那样,吉姆数学考试没格。

vt. 待,期待,盼望(心理上

They are expecting guests tonight. 今晚有人要去他们那里作客。

expect 表示的待一暗含根据些信息或规律作出应反应的意思,wait for 主要接续“待”这个动作本身。

expect sth.

I expect a letter from Jimmy.

expect sb.to do sth. 期待做某

I expect you to write back.

I expect my mother to come back. wait for sth./sb. 动作

 


I wait for my mother.

vt. 认为,猜想(一用于口语

I expect so./I think so. 我希望如此[口语

I expect you’ve heard the news. 我想你已经听到这个消息了。

valuable  adj. 贵 重 的

precious  adj. 珍 贵 的

value n.&v. valuable adj.

sth.is valuable/sth.is precious

precious adj珍贵的(带有一的感色彩

precious photo 珍贵的照片

-less 表否;

priceless adj. 没有 格的, valueless adj. 没有, 不足道的 worthless adj. 值的

diamond n. 钻石

diamond ring 钻石戒指

precious stone 宝石crystal 水晶jade

stealstolestolen v.

vt.&vi. 偷盗,行窃

英语中“偷”用 steal rob 来表达,宾语是物,用 steal宾语是人,用 rob跟地点相连rob steal sth. ()

My wallet was stolen.

John never steals.  约翰从不偷东西。

rob sb. ()

I was robbed. rob the bank

vt. 巧妙地占用,偷偷地弄到手

He has stolen away Mary’s heart. 他已赢得玛丽的芳心。

vi. 偷偷地行动,悄悄靠近

He stole into the room. 他悄悄地进了房间。

main  adj. 主要的

main buildingmain streetmain sentencemain idea main 与人

guard n. 警戒, 守卫

life guard 救生员

body guard 保镖

 


keep guard 守望,警戒

They kept a close guard overthe thieves. 他们对小偷们严看管。

stand guard 站岗,放哨

Text

The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!

参考译文

飞机误, 侦探们在机场了整整一. 他们期待从南非来的一个装钻石的贵重包裹. 数小时, 有人向警方报告, 说有人企图偷走这些钻石. 飞机到达时, 一些侦探候在主楼, 另一些侦探则守候在停机坪. 有两个人把包裹拿飞机, 进了海. 这时两个侦探把门口, 另外两个侦探打开了包裹. 他们吃惊的是, 那珍贵的包裹里装的全是石和沙子!

 

【课文讲解】

1The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.

all 直接表示时间的单数名词构成副词语,如:all dayall nightall weekall winterall year

。但不说 all hour

whole 在表达同样的意思时一冠词或数词,如 a whole day/yeartwo whole weeks

all morning=all the morning

 

The plane was late 飞机晚()

The bus was late./The train was late.

detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探, 强调侦探这种人,笼统感念, some, the

 

2They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. a valuable parcel of diamonds

a cup of tea 强调的是茶

South Africa 南非

3A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. a few hours earlier 几个小时

= a few hours before/a few hours ago

would +do 过去将来时,间接方, 转述, 站在过去看未来

4When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while

 


 

others were waiting on the airfield.

代词 others 常常和 some 用,表示“有些(人)……有些(人)……”或“有的……,其余的……

one…the other… 一个……另一个……

some…others… 一些……另一些……

Some students are very hard-working, others are not. others=other+名词复数

5Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. take sth. off…=take sth. away from…

and carried it into…carried 表示看得很重

Customs House

6While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!

…were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.

面上是分工, 两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致, 时间的动作用进行时态, 时间的动作用过去时.

When someone knocked at the door, I was having dinner. keep guard 守卫

They kept a close guard over the thieves. at the door 在门边(搭配)

two others=two other detectives

 

to one's surprise,让某人惊讶的是

To my surprise, the teacher was late.

To one’s +表达人绪的名词 to one's joy

To my joy, my mother came here yesterday. to one's excitement

To our excitement, our team wins.

 

be full of ...装满

My bag was full of books. The cup is full of water.

 

 


Key structures


过去进行时

 


过去进行时的构成:be  的过去+现在分词

过去进行时和一过去时经常同在一个子里使用。过去进行时表示过去在进行的动作或况,一过去时则表示比较暂的动作或事件。在进行中的动作或况往往由 whenwhileasjust  as引导。

whenwhile  当……时候(强调动作同时发生

while+, 动词一是延续动词

 


when+延续动词/瞬间动词

while when 代替,但是 when 却不一定能while 代替。while 通常只引导持续时间较的动作,并且主和从句可以同时用过去进行时,when as 不这么用。

John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone. Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.

when 也可以引导比较暂的动作,while as 则一不行。

We were having supper when the lights went out.

过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语用,如 all morningall nightall dayall eveningthe whole week ,表示这段时间一直在干什么。

What were you doing all evening? I couldn’t find you anywhere.

 

过去动作同时发生的时态

过去两个动作同时发生, 习惯一个用一过去时, 另一个用过去进行时动作用过去进行时,动作用一过去时; 分工的, 动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎, 均用过去进行时;

I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.

When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV.

两个动作在同时段进行, 在不同时间结束, 先发生的动作未结束, 另一个动作发生, 先发生的动作用进行时态, 另一个动作用过去时.

When I was opening the door, the telephone rang. 先 开 门

When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响

瞬间动词(如:arrive)没有进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续动词用进行时态, 瞬间动词使用过去时态.

When he arrived, I was having dinner. I am arriving 进行时态表示将要

Exercises D

1 As my father       (leave) the house, the postman      (arrive).

was leavingarrived(两个瞬间动词同时发生可能性很小, 应具分析, 故用进行时态表将来)

5 While mother       (prepare) lunch, Janet       (set) the table. set the table 摆桌子

was preparingset

 

Special Difficulties

短语动词中的小品词

动词加上介词或副词后会改变词义,这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形的变化。 有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾 语的是介词,没有宾语的是副词,介词的位置相对固,不变动。

vi.&vt.+ prep./adv.+宾语(n.)

She is walking up the hill.

vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.

take off the coat =take the coat off =take it off

put on your shoes =put your shoes on =put them on I always take money with me.我身总带些钱

 


Exercise

11     They have pulled down the old building. pull down pull<vt.> down<adv.> pull one's leg 开玩笑

You are pulling my leg.你开我玩笑

12     Make up your mind.

make up…--->make up one's mind 习惯用不换,法上可

13     He asked for permission to leave.

ask for…-->ask (sb.) for sth. 其实是省略 sb.故不

Multiple choice questions

5 Someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. This happened      a  the plane arrived.

a. before b. after c. when d. as soon as

两个动作先后发生(一个动作结束另一个动作才发生)用过去完成时

before ……之前as soon as ……

9     The parcel was valuable. It was _ c     .

a. worth b. worthy c. precious d. value valuable= precious

value n.

worth v. 值得……,后

something is worth…

The book is worth reading. (动名词) The book is worth three dollars.

worthy adj. 值的

be worthy of… 值得……

This book is worthy of being read [to be read]. 这本书值得一读. acts worthy of punishment 应该受分的行为

worthless adj. 值的

something is worthless(任何东西)

 

10     The thieves wanted to     b   the diamonds.

a. rob b. steal c. take from d. take to

something 宾语的一steal

 


 

Lesson 8 The best and the worst

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

competition n. ,竞

neat adj. 整齐的,整洁的

path n. 小路,小径

wooden adj.

pool n. 水池

competition n. ,竞(暗地里的竞争

race n. ,竞

car race

match n.

football match

contest n. 比(广泛

baby contest 宝宝大beauty contest 选美

game : 游戏, 运动

neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的,井井有条

clean adj. 干净的

neat=tidy <adj.>

tidy <v.> (up) the room 房间

pool n. 水池(人工的) swimming pool 游泳池 pond 池塘(天的)

golden pond金色池塘

Text

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!

参考译文

.桑德斯有我们镇最漂亮的花园. 几乎每个人每年举办的 最佳花园竞” , 每次是乔获胜. 比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大, 他比乔也更为勤奋, 种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多, 但乔的花园富有. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路, 并在一个池塘架了一座小木桥. 喜欢花园, 但我却不意辛勤劳动. 每年的花园竞我, 但总因是镇最劣的花园获得一个小奖!

 


【课文讲解】

1Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Joe's garden is the most beautiful.

Bill's garden is the largest.

Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s.

(比较的东西是同类的事物 joe’s 的“’s”不省略

2Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. nearly almost 意义似,表示“几乎”、“差不”、“差点儿”的意思。

I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差把他的名字忘了。

I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快准备好了。

enter for 报名参(各种竞,考试活动

winwonwon v.

vi.

I win.

I lose. (输了)

vt. 赢得……

win something 往往是奖品,接对手

I win the book.

I win the gold cup.

win a prize 赢得了一个奖

win a prize for… 因为……而获奖

defeat+对手

I defeat you.

 

3Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.

名词-’s        表示系,构成名词的有格。这类名词往往指有生的东西,特别是人。有格的语作用相当于形容词,限定的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略,只要不引起误解。

4He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

make build 在这里是同义词,“修建,建造”。make 的词义比较笼统、广泛,解释为“、作出、制造”build 主要于建筑业,指“建造,建设,盖房子,修筑(桥梁)

Have you made the skirt by yourself? They have made a road along the river.

 

 


Key structures


形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

 


比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种型,最高级则表示在个范围“最……”的概念。最高

级在使用时前通常要加定冠词 the,并有一个语或从句限定其范围。 1、比较级和最高级的构成:

单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾-er-est辅音-y 结尾的词变-y -i,再-er-est

-e 结尾的词-r-st

 


③  一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,再-er-est

三个或者是三个音节以上音节

比较级的构成 : more+原级 最高级的构成 : the most+原级

有一些双音节词既在单词结尾-er-est也可more/less most/least 用,如 narrowclevercommonpleasant

clevercleverermore clever fun adj. 快乐

more fun (美国人用

有些构成是不规则的:

good/well(better best)bad/ill(worse worst)many/much(more most)little(less least)

far(farther further , farthest furthest)

farther:离上的远和远,further:程度上进一步

further more(有甚者)

old(older elder, oldesteldest) older  ……

She is older than somebody elder 做定语修饰其他名词 elder sister ()姐姐

2、比较级和最高级的用

在使用比较级时,如果需要把比较的两项提到,那么必须比较级后用 than

My room is cleaner than the one next door.

如果比较级之指很清楚,它独立存在:

Which house do you prefer? I prefer the older one.

最高级的限定范围一ofamongin  介词;限定范围也可以是从句;如果范围很清楚,则

可以省略。

John is the tallest of the three brother. This is the coldest day in ten years.

Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.

 

Special Difficultiesevery 构成的合成词

every onebodything 可以构成复合不代词 everyoneeverybodyeverythingEveryone everybody

般可以替换使用,后的代词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,但它们本身均被视为单数。

Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.

=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自必须什么。

Everything is going well.  一切很顺利。

each every 译为“每一个”,两者常互换。every 是形容词,强调整,常用来指一个大的、不确的数目,不直接主语each 作形容词,又作代词,强调个,常用一个确的并通常是有的数目,在作代词时,直接作主语或宾语,使用第三人称单数

Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.

 


 

Enter and Enter for

enter

vt.&vi. 进入

enter+名词

Always knock on the door before you enter.

vt.&vi.

We’ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation.

enter for+表示比、考试的名 报名参, 强调报

enter for the exam

She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参数学竞

take part in 的参

2     Will you enter _ for_ this week's crossword competition? crossward 文字游戏

3     Many athletes have entered     for   the Olympic Games this year.

athletes = sportsman 运动员, 育家

Multiple choice questions

3 Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. It is    b  .

a. larger garden b. a large garden c. large garden d. largest garden

 

6 The writer is fond of gardens.    c  .

a. They like him b. They like to him c. He likes them d. He likes be fond of=like

I like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.

 

8     Joe wins every time. He always     b   Bill Frith.

a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns

对手系不win defeat v. 击败

defeat sb.

beat v. 打败

gain =get sth. earn vt. 挣得 earn money

 

9     Joe grows more flowers. More flowers      a   in his garden.

a. grow b. grow tall c. grow up d. grow big grow  vt. 种植: grow sth; grow flowers…

vi. : sth. grow; flowers are growing

grow tall/grow big 变得……(一形容词

grow up 只和人, 表示人的大(up adv.表示向

 


10     Joe's garden is interesting. Joe is      d   in gardening.

a. interesting  b. interest c. interestingly d. interested sth. is interesting ……人感兴趣的

be interested in… ……感兴趣

11     The writer doesn't like hard work. It's      b   to look after a garden.

a. a hard work b. a hard job c. hard job d. hardly a job it 作形主语; 的主语是 to look after the garden

hard work 繁重的工作

work 数名词job 数名词

hardly adv. 几 乎 不

Have you understood me?

Sorry, I have hardly understood you.

 

12     Every year the writer enters for the garden competition      b  .

a. very b. also c. and d. either

very 不单独使用and 并列, 不放在子末尾either , 表否

also 表示, 可以放在子末尾often 可以放在子末尾

 


Lesson 9 A cold welcome

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

welcome n. 欢迎v. 欢迎

crowd n. 人群

gather v. 聚集

hand n. (表或机器的)指针

shout v. 喊叫

refuse v. 拒绝

laugh v.

welcome  n. 欢迎v. 欢迎

n. 欢迎

a cold welcome 冷遇

v. 欢迎

welcome to+

welcome to Chinawelcome to my homewelcome homewelcome back

adj. 受欢迎的

You are welcome.

You are welcome to+

crowd   n. 人群

n. 人群

in the crowd 在人群中

I spotted him in the crowd.  我在人群中一眼认出了他 a crowd of people 一群人,没有次序的人群, 挤的人群a group of people 一群人,有次序的人群

v., 挤满

a large crowd of people 一大群人

crowds of people , 人ft人海

gather v. 聚 集

vt. 使集拢,集合,召集

He gathered a large crowd of people round him.

vt 收集,采集,收(庄稼

The children are out in the field gathering flowers. 孩子们在外地里采花。

It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.

收集有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。

vi. 集拢,聚集,集合

They gathered under the Town Hall clock.

people gathered 人们聚集在一起尤指自发的聚集

 


hand n. ( 表或机器的)指针minute handsecond handhour hand second hand 二手的,旧的,秒针

wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.) secs.seconds 的缩写

refuse v. 拒 绝

vt. 拒绝(接受、服从

She refused the gift.

vt. 拒不,不肯,不

John refused to change his mind. 约翰拒不改变主意。

vi. 拒绝,不接受

I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.

对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬,但他拒绝了。

shout v. 喊叫

call out 大声喊叫

cry out 大声哭喊

scream 尖叫

Text

On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.

参考译文

星期三的晚, 我们去了市政厅. 那是一年的最后一天, 一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面. 再过 20 分钟, 大钟将敲响 12 . 15 分钟过去了, 而就11 55 分时, 大钟停了. 那根巨大的分针不动了. 我们, 可情况没有变化. 突然有人喊道 : “已经 12 2 分了!那钟已经停了!” 我看了一我的手表, 果真如此. 那座大钟不意迎接新年. 此时, 大家已经笑了起来, 同时唱起了歌.

 

【课文讲解】

1A cold welcome 冷遇

cold adj. 冷的, 寒冷的, 冷淡的

cold fish 冷漠的人

My brother is a cold fish. lucky dog 幸运的人

What does "a cold welcome" referto ? refer to ……

2  On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. morning

 


afternoonevening 前如果修饰词则用介词 on,否则用 in

 


Town Hall 市政厅

3It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. the last day of the year              一年中的最后一天

a large crowd of the people 一大群人

 

4It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.

strike v. 打,击敲,弹(钟,乐器

v. 打,击

She struck the man in the face.

v. 敲,弹(钟,乐器strike the clock  (人)敲钟 clock strike 钟自Listen, the clock is striking.

strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数

minutes'名词有格,用来表达时间名词有格表示时间或距

It will leave in five minutes'time.

in twenty(minutes'time)名词有格省略 an hour's time

How far is the school from here? 3 minutes' walk.  三分钟路

5Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.

minutes pass 过几分(前半小时,pass 过了

25 minutes passed eight

minutes to 过几分(后半小时,to 还没到

a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine

时刻指时间, 时间指段时间。时刻前的介词用 at

…(some time) passed andthen, sth. happened ……时间过去了,……

An hour passed and then, he arrived. 一个小时过去了,他终于来了。

…minutes later 几分钟

6We waited and waited, but nothing happened.

waited and waited , 强调动作的重复(walked and walkedrun and runhappen vi.情做主语, 发生

What happened? Nothing happened.

 


7It was true.

It was true that+ ……是一个事

8The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. refuse to do sth. 拒绝去做某

I refuse to leave. 我拒绝

I refuse to move. 我拒绝移动

9At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing. at that moment = just then 在那时

at the moment = now 现在, 此刻, 在此时

 

 


Key structures

1、用 in 的时间语有:


引导时间状语的介词 in/on/at/during/till until

 


① 表示一天中的段时间:in the morningin the afternoonin the evening

表示周、月份、年份:in a weekin Januaryin Febin 1992

表示季节:in summerin springin autumnin winter

in+表示时间长度可以表示“在段时间之”,这时可以与现在时、过去时或将来时用,一

与完成动作有关;译为“……时间之后”,一与将来时用。根据时态判in 表示的含义

in twenty minutes' time 20 分钟之后

We will finish class in half an hour. 2、用 on 的时间语有:

表示星期:on Mondayon Friday

表示日期:on June 1ston 23rd March(在书写日期时没有冠词,但在口语中则分读为:on June the firston the 23rd of March

表示星期+日期:on Monday, June 1st

表示具时间:on Wednesday eveningon fine afternoonon that day 3、用 at 的时间语有:

表示确切的时间:at five to twelveat ten o'clock

表示用餐时间:at lunch/dinner timeat teatime

表示其他时刻:at nightat noonat midnightat that time

4during ……期间,后必须跟一个名词,可以指整个一段时间,有时可以 in 替代

He has phoned four times during the last half hour.

I met him sometime during the week.(不in 代替)  我是在这一周的天遇到他的。

during the holiday 强调假期的从到尾

He enjoyed himself during his holiday.

in the holiday 强调这段时间其中时间, 并不表示自始至终

I was caught in an accident in the holiday. 5from…till… 指一段明确的时间

The tourist season runs from June till October.

6until prep.&coin.  直到……时候,直到什么时候为止,  直到什么时候

 


until  和从两个用一过去时对(最习惯的一种用),  和从任何一个用过去完成是

 


I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.

I had not understood the problem until he explained it. We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(习惯于这种用) 7from…to…

Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30

 

于时间表示方: What’s the time?/What time is it? A : A o’clock

A B 分(B<30: A B / B past A

A 15 : A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A A 30 : A thirty / half past A

A B (B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)

A 45 : A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)

 

Special DifficultiesAnyNot...Any and No

any 用于否定句, some 用于肯定句(或要求得到肯回答的)

Do you have any friends? I don't have any friends.

not 用在非实义动词后, 实义动词前.

not any=no <adj.>用在名词前no not any 的语气要强,但这两种否的意义是同的。I

have no friends.

no 构成复合词 nobodynonenothingnowhereany 构成复合词 anybodyanything anywhere在一个子中通常只有一个否词(包括 neverhardly 词)

Multiple choice questions

4 The people   a  under the Town Hall clock.

a. were b.was c. is d. be people:人们, 主语一是复数

policecattle 是集合名词,用复数

8 How many times did the clock _ d   ?

a. hit b. beat c. knock d. strike

敲门用 knock敲钟用 strike

hit(轻)strikehit hard)在一的时候可以互换, 表示打一

beat v. 续不断的打

beat drums 敲鼓

12 It refused to welcome the New Year. It    c_ .

a. denied it b. wanted to c. didn't want to d. wished to

 


deny v. 否认, 拒绝去, 般加名词

deny the fact

I denied that I had stolen the bicycle. refuse v. 拒绝

refuse to do sth.

I refused to steal the bicycle.

 


Lesson 10 Not for jazz

New words and expressions】生词和短语11

jazz n. 爵士音乐

musical adj. 音乐的

instrument n. 乐器

clavichord n. 古钢琴

recently adv. 最近

damage v. 损坏

key n. 琴键

string n. (乐器的)

shock v. 使不悦或生气,震惊

allow v. 允许,

touch v. 触摸

jazz n. 爵士音乐

a kind of music

 

musical adj. 音乐的

musical student  有音乐天赋的人

music student 学音乐的人(the student who learned music

instrument n. 乐器

instrument=musical instrument

instrument 常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”,尤指医疗、机器的。也可用来泛指各种乐器。

clavichord n. 古钢琴, 不是现代的 piano a kind of instrument

 

recently adv. 最近

recently=lately

 

damage v. 损坏

n. 损害,损失,伤害

The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.

vt. 损害,毁坏,损坏

The car was badly damaged in the accident.

 

key n. 琴键

n. 琴键

n. 钥匙,答案

key to the door 门钥匙

 


Do you know the key to the question?

adj. 键的

key structure

 

shock v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊

v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊

跟人的绪有的动词的宾语往往是 ” (sth.为主语) The news shocks me. 这个消息使我震惊

adj. 人震惊的

It is shocking.

adj. 感到震惊

凡是够用 宾语, 又是表示人的绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成:……V+ing……V+ed

I'm shocked.

n. 震惊

get a shock

sb. get a shock 人很吃惊

shock 必指坏事, 人不悦, 生气的

surprise 好事坏事都可以只要你没有料到的

I want to give you surprise.

 

allow v. 允许,

allow doing sth.

Smoking is allowed.people allow smoking allow sb. to do sth. / sb.be allowed to do sth. allow 常用于被动语态

You are allowed to smoke(被动语态)

You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you

 

touch v. 触摸

vt.&vi. 触摸,碰

You are not allowed to touch the vase.

vt. ,涉系到

A rise in the cost of living touches everyone. 生活用的增与每个人系。

Text

We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

 


参考译文

我家有件古乐器, 被称作古钢琴, 1681 年德国造的. 我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了, 是我祖父在很前买的. 它最近被一个客人弄坏了, 因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐.她在击琴键时用力过猛, 损坏了两根琴弦. 我父亲大为吃惊, 不许我们再动它. 父亲的一个朋友在修件乐器.

 

【课文讲解】

1It is called a clavichord.

call 在这里的意思是“把……称为”、“称呼”,既用于主动态,也可用于被动语态。

call sb.sth./sb.be called 人为……,什么被称为……

What do you call this? 你们把这称为什么?

2It has belonged to our family for a long time.

belong 是一个表示状态的动词,不是行为动词,所以用于进行时,常用的时态是一现在时和现在过去时。

This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.

3 She tried to play jazz on it! play n. 玩,演奏(乐器

跟球类, 直接+球类;

跟乐器, +the+乐器, 演奏乐器非音乐

play music on + 乐器 , 要用 “on”

 

 


Key structures


被动语态

 


主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。在主动中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物在被动

中,动作是对主语执行的。

被动语态由 be 的一种形和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用规则适用于被动语态。动词作物动词用时才构成被动语态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西事,则用“by+行为主”结构。“行 为主也可以不表示出来。

Special Difficulties

与被动语态的 made 连用的几个介词

made in 表示产地或时间

It was made in Germany.

made of 表示用种材料制成(通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的质或形状

The tea pot is made of silver.

made  from  表示用数种材料制成,或者是制造后改变了材料原来的质或形状

Paper can be made from wood. made by 表示由制造

This cake was made by my sister. be made into 被制成……

The gold is made into a ring.

 


双重所有格

双重有格/双重属格 : 名词+of+名词有格(名词的物主代词)

英语中通常用-’s of 结构来表示有格。-’s 结构通常用在人名和表示人称的名词的末尾,of 结构则常与无生的名词用。

-’s 结构的有格用于of 结构之后,称为双重有格。在名词前可以athisthatthesesomeanyno ,但不用 the

He is a friend of mine. 含有“他是我的一个殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。

He is no friend of mine. 含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人”强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候, 选用双重属格结构

a friend of my father/my father's friend(s) 只有一个朋友

a friend of my father's 朋友中的一个

It happened to a friend of mine. 我的很朋友中的一个

Multiple choice questions

7 We are not allowed to touch it. We    a  touch it.

a. mustn't b. mustn't to c. haven't to d. don't have to

结构中 must have to 是一个概念结构中 must have to 不一样了,mustn't:不准, 可以;

have to 的否don't have to 不必(have 实意动词)

You don't have to go to school. 今天你不必去

You mustn't go to school. 今天你不许去

9  It's kept in the living room. That's where we _ a    it.

a. have b. hold  c. lift d. carry keep(kept,kept) v. 保持,保存

keep sth.+ 地放……(状态)

put v. (动作)lift v. 举起carry v. , ,

hold v. , 持有, have v.

That's +以特问词引导的从That's where ……的地方 That's why    ……的原因

10  The visitor damaged it. She    c  it.

a. hurt b. pained c. broke d. destroyed damaged可以修复

destroy:无修复 pain:有身的疼痛

broke:打破, 打断, 打碎

I broke my leg.

hurt

hurt oneself/个部 ……

Hurt my leg.

个部位+hurt ……

 


My hand hurts.

hurt feelings 伤害…………受伤

 


Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

turn n. 行为,举止

deserve v. 应得到,值得

lawyer n. 律师

bank n. 银行

salary n. 工资

immediately adv. 立刻

turn n. 行为, 举止

turn n.(帮助或损害他人的)举动、行为

Yesterday George did me a good/an ill turn. 乔治昨天了一件对我有利/不利的事。

He is always readyto do a turn for others. 他总是乐于为他人好事。

behavior n. 行为, 举止

Pay attention to your behavior.

 

 

deserve v. 应得到, 值得

deserve + n. 应该得到……,值得……,应得(奖赏、惩罚

He deserves praise. 他应该得到表扬

Yor deserve the best. 你应该得到最好的

He deserved a promotion. promotion n. 提升

deserve sth./to do sth. 应该……

She deserved to be punished.

Good work deserves good pay. 

His words deserve attention. 他的话值得注意。

lawyer n. 律师

lawyer's office 律师事务

bank n. 银行

rob the bank 抢银行

salary n. 工资

pay n. 工资(salary+wage,通用)

salary n. 薪金,薪水(月薪, 年薪,通常指职员、脑力劳动者(如律师、教师、医生)有固作或管阶层的收入,数额比较固,一按月支付)

My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.

wage n. 工资,工钱(按小时, 周计算的,通常指技工或一般体力劳动者,不稳的工作人的收入,按周或天支付。一用复数形wages)

When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.

 


侍者时工资不高,但小费可观。

bonus n. 奖金, 分红

collet v. 搜集, 领取

collect salary/wage 领工资

immediately adv. 立刻

right away =at once =immediately 立刻,

right now 现在

Text

I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for mydinner!'

参考译文

在一家饭馆吃饭, 托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来. 托尼曾在一家律师事务工作, 现在在一家银行.他的薪水很高, 但他却总是向朋友借钱, 并且从来不还. 托尼看见了我, 走过来和我坐到一张桌子前. 他从未向我借过钱. 他吃饭时, 我提出向他借 20 英镑. 我惊奇的是, 他立刻把钱给了我. 我还从未向你借过钱, 托尼说道, 所以现在你可以替我饭钱了!”

 

【课文讲解】

1One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来,  善有善

one bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报

2Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. work for… 强调工作

work in… 强调 in 的地

working at a bank

(some/several) years ago 名词-s,省略了 some

 

3He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. The teachers in the New Oriental school can get a good salary.

borrow sth. from sb. …………

never=not 不需要助动词

pay 在这里的意思是“偿还(债务”,还解释为“支付价款、账单)”。Pay 既是物动也可以是不物动词。

How much did you pay for that dress? I paid the bill.

pay back 还钱

never pays it back 从不归还

 


4Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. and 接三个并列的动词

at the same table 坐在同一张桌子旁边

at table 吃饭

at the table 坐在桌子旁边

Would you like to join us?

 

5'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!' pay for ……而付

I have paid for you a dinner.

I have paid 20 dollars for thebook. ask (sb.) for sth.  ………… It's my treat. 我请客

This time is your treat. Next time is my turn. Let's go dutch. AA

Key structures复习动词时态:

The Taj Mahal        (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he     (become) ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal,               (die). The Taj Mahal              (build) in herhonour. Experts                             (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj

 


Mahal which      (begin) in 1632 and        (complete) in 1654 day, it  (visit) by millions of people.

The Taj Mahal 泰姬陵

in one's honour 为了纪念

up to the present day=up to now


   (cost) a fortune. Up to the present

 


was builtbecamediedwas builtwere called (call in:召集)was begunwas completedcosthas been visited

 

Special Difficulties

动词+名词/代词+to 的不定式

些动词之后的带 to 的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词/代词无,但有和没有经常响整个子的意义。

I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. I want to speak to John.

I want you to speak to John. Would you like to do sth.? I’d like sb. to do sth.

I’d like to do sth.

还有一些动词后用不定式作宾语时,其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有 allowadvisehelpteachtellrequest ,这类动词不但用于主动语态,也可用于被动语态:

We were not allowed to see the picture.

 


hope hope sb. to do sth.确用hope to do (希望自)hope that(希望)

 

Multiple choice questions

4 Tony is working at a bank    a  .

a. at the moment b. a year ago c. since last year d. for a year at the moment 用现在进行时

since+时间 自从……,用现在完成

since yesterday

for(+段时间) 一段……,用现在完成

for three hoursfor a dayfor three days since three days ago 用一过去时

8 He gets a good salary. His salary is very _ a_ .

a. good  b. well c. fine d. beautiful good salary 不错的薪水

well 表示好的时候一用作副词

fine 用来形容天气好, 质量好

beautiful 美丽,漂亮的

10  Tony must pay the money back. He must     c  .

a. pay it again b. pay it c. repay it d. pay it once more

pay back 还钱pay something pay again 再次pay it 

once more=again repay it =pay back

 

11 There aren't enough chairs here for us all. Please bring    b  one. a.other b.another c.extra d.a different

one  在这里是代词,指代文的名词,指代单数数名词,数名词单数前一’a/an’

 


Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

luck n. 运气,幸运

captain n.

sail v. 航行

harbour n. 港口

proud adj. 自豪

important adj. 重要的

luck n. 运气, 幸运

good luck =break your leg 祝你好运

bless you 保重(比如在人打喷嚏时说的话

lucky adj. 幸运的

lucky dog 幸运

lucky day 幸运日

It’s my lucky day. 今天我真幸运

luckily adv. 幸运地

unlucky adj. 不幸的

sail v. 航行

vi. (船)航行,扬帆行驶

The ship is sailing for New York.

vi. (人)乘船航行

I want to sail around the world.

n. 帆,篷

This boat has whitesalis.

 

harbour n. 港口

port n. 港口

air port 航空港

proud adj. 自豪,自满

be proud of 以……为自豪,为(人)感到自豪

Parents are proud of their children. pride n. 自豪

take pride in 以……为自豪

important adj. 重要的

importance n. 重大

Text

 


Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.

参考译文

我们的邻居查尔斯.艾利森船明天要从朴次茅斯(英国港市)启航了. 明天一大我们将在码为他送. 他将乘坐他的 涛波号小艇. “涛波号是艘有名的小艇, 它已经次横渡大西洋. 艾利森船8 钟启航, 因此我们有充裕的时间. 我们将参观他的船, 后和他告. 他要开两个月, 我们真为他感到自豪, 他将参一次重大的横渡大西洋的比.

 

【课文讲解】

1We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning.

在表示时间的in the morningin the afternoon 面可以加上 earlylate 副词,便确切地表示时间

early in the morning 一大

late in the afternoon 傍晚

2It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.

across 是对个细物“横切、横断、横渡”,尤指河流、马路、海洋等;过桥用 over the Atlantic =the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

oncetwicethree times…

表示次数的时候, for 能加

I do something twice.

 

3Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. set out/set off/begin something 出发,动身

plenty =enough ,充足的,足够的

plenty of 足够……

I have plenty of money. a lot of 指客观

4We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him. see = visit 参观

Can I see it?

say goodbye (to sb.)say hello to (to sb.)say sorry to (to sb.) I said hello to him this morning.

You must say sorry to somebody.

 

5He will be away for two months.

瞬间动词不是不用完成时态, 是指不与段时间, 一旦要用段时间要将其变为  系表结构

“be + 形容词或介词语构成

 


 

He has been away for two hours.

=He left two hours ago.时间

有的动词be+形容词系表结构表状态来代替 arrive= be here/there leave= be away die = be dead join(是瞬间动词) = be a soldier/in the army

 

 

6He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. take part (in) ,参与(项活动)

enter for 报名参

I have entered for the meeting,but now I don't want to take part in the meeting.

an important race across the Atlantic 横渡大西洋的比(介词做定语放在被修饰词的后

the person at the door

be in the race = take part in the race 

at the race 在比场地观看比

 

 


Key structures


一般将来时

 


1、一将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态

2、将来时的结构

基本结构: shall/will + 动词原形

shall 常用在第一人称 I we 的后will 用于有人称,缩略为’ll,否定式中,will not 缩略为’ll not won’tshall not 缩略shan’t(在美语中很少用 shall

be going to do sth./ be gonna do sth.(美语 打算做某;

be going to will 般可以互换,但与打算无含义的, will be going to do 互换

I’ll miss you. (不be going to

He'll lose.  他要输了。(不be going to

I'll be sixteen years old next year. (不be going to

be + to do sth. 表示计划安排在事或用来征求意见

I am to have a holiday.

be about to do sth. 即将做某.

will be doing 表示将要做某

be doing (瞬间动词 用现在进行时表示将来时

用现在进行时表示将来的动词有:gocomearriveleavedielandjoin

be 现在时表示将要发生

If it rains,

 

Special Difficultiesbe+副词构成的表语

动词  be 如与不同的副词用意义不同,意思主要由副词的意义决

be in  在家be out  出去be away be on be back 回来be over 结束be up to sth.

胜任件事, 做某件事

 


set+副词构成的短语动词

set out 出发,动身

When’ll you set out for London? set off 出发,启

I’ll set off for home the day after tomorrow.

set up 创立,建立a record)创造……记录 Mr. Jackson has set up a school in the village.

Has Tom set up a new world record?

 


Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

group n. 小组,团

pop singer 流行歌手

club n. 俱乐部

performance n. 演出

occasion n. 场合

group n. 小组,

a group of 表示一群或一个团

You can see a group of islands in the middle of the lake. group n. 组合,指合唱团(Back Street 后街男孩) band n.乐队(如零乐队, 只有一个主唱)

pop singer 流行歌手

pop adj受欢迎的,通俗的,流行的,大众的(popular 的缩写

pop song(music)流行音乐 pop star : 歌星

club n. 俱乐部

night club 夜总会

performance n. 演出

n. 执行,完成,履行

He is praised for the excellent performance of his duties.

n. 表现,工作

His performance in the mathematics exam is not very good.

n. 演出,表演

The pop singers will give five performances.

 

-mance 名词后缀

perform v. 演出

occasion n. 场合

中文 : 种场合, 种条件, 种环境中英文 : occasion = time 个时候

this occasionon the(this) occasion 在这种时候

occasionally <adv.>sometimes 有时候, 偶尔

Text

The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the

 


 

country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.

参考译文

“绿林少年是一个流行歌曲演唱团. 目前他们在全国各地巡回演出, 明天要到达此地. 他们将乘火车来, 的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们. 明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出. “绿林少年准备在此逗5 . 在此期间, 他们将演出 5 . 同往常一样, 警察的日子将不好过, 他们将设维持秩序. 每逢这种场合, 是这样.

 

【课文讲解】

1At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. at present =now 目前,现在

The doctor is very busy at present. nowadays adv. 目前

up to now =so far 到现在为止

visit v.拜访、参观(歌手)巡演 visit+ 表示去

They stay in all parts of the world. visit some place 带有职业相关目的

visit china 某某人到中国访问

The headmasters of the New Oriental school visited Lanzhou.这里指演讲

all parts of the country 全国各地(all 在这里的意思是“各种的,各个”

all parts of the world 全世界各地介词用in in all parts of the world在全世界各地

2They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. will be doing 将来进行时态,用来表示最近的将来在进行的动作或说话人设想已经安排好的事

将来进行时态的意思往往于一将来时态.

We will be acting. 我们将要行动了

most of the young people in the town 的大部分年轻人(介词语作) most of + the… 数的……(the)

most of the books; most of the time

most of the young people = most young people most students = most of the students.

 

meet

vt.&vi.(偶遇见,遇到

 


We met at a restaurant.

vt.(约或时间)和……,迎接 meet sb. + 地接

Who will be meet you when you arrive in London? see sb. off 送行, 目送

vt.(经介绍)和……相/

I’d like to meet your brother.

3Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.

last night 昨天夜间tonight 今天夜间tomorrow night 明天夜间next night 第二天晚

at the Workers' Club 在工人俱乐部

tomorrow evening 明天晚上;yesterday evening 昨天晚上;this evening 今天晚

4The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances.

…will be staying here for five days 逗留五天

…give five performances 演出五场

5As usual, the police will have a difficult time. as usual 象往常一样,照例

On that day, he was late for work as usual.

difficult 这里解释为“难对的”、“劲的”,指麻烦比较

have a good time 玩得开心

have a hard time 生活得艰辛

have a difficult time 日子不象平时那样惬意

6They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions. try to do sth. 法做某, 尽力做某

order 常用的意义是“次序、顺序”,也可当“治安、秩序”讲

keep order 维持次序

public order 治安

occasion 表示在/些场合时,它与介词 on

on these occasion(s)每逢这种场合 the same 表示

注意同一意思的种表达方

Why are you late? = What took you so long? 你为什么迟到?

 

 


Key structures


将来进行时

 


将来进行时由  will/shall+be+现在分词构成,通常用于表示最近或很久的将来在进行的动作。将来进

行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事。

I’ll be working for myexams next month. 个月我将用功看书准备考试。

By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying on the beach.

 


将来进行时与一将来时有时表达的意思差不,但一将来时中的 will  经常具有蓄意为之的含义(如示主语的意、决心、许诺,将来进行时不具有这些含义,只表示单纯的将来,或者说只陈述将来的事实,但它语气比单用 will 时委婉客气。

When will you finish these letters? (如司对属) When will you be seeing Mr. White? (如属对司) Mary won’t paythis bill.              (她拒绝帐)

Mary won’t be payingthis bill. (将来的事实

Won’t you join us for dinner? 你来和我们一起吃饭好吗?(邀请

Won’t you be joining us for dinner? 你会和我们一起吃饭吗?(将来的事实

【语法精粹】

1. "The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 o'clock" "But C a delay."

A. it will be  B. there'd be  C. there will be D. there is schedule 按计划 delay n. 延迟, 拖延和耽误

it be 它是,be 动词的后一旦名词往往认为主语和名词之间是

there be (地有),有事发生 There will be a meeting. 将开会 There was a fire. 发生大火

2. He'll leave for Paris before you   C  next week.

A. will come back B. will be back C. come back D. came back before 在这里是状语从的标志

在状语从中不可能出现将来时被一现在时态取代

3. Our next meeting C   on 1st December

A. has been held B. will hold C. is to be held D. is holding be to,将来的标志, 是将来还是被动

4. Where  C    a will,there is a way.

A. there will have B. has been there C. there is D. there has been.

是个谚语“有志者事竞成”,“哪, 儿就有路”

where 引导的是地主语从

5. It  B   be Wednesday tomorrow.

A. is going to B. will C. is about to D. is to

Will be going to 可以互换, 没有办打算和计划安排的, will be(单纯的表将来)

be about to  计划打算 be to 计划打算 be going to 计划打

Special Difficulties

名词所有格:

只对人和些生物用-’s,名词有格放在其修饰的名词之前,但在上下文很清楚时名词

 


略。名词有格的规则

在单数名词-s 结尾的人名后-'s

-s 结尾的单数名词后-'s

在规则的复数名词的 -s 面加所有格符号 '

-s 结尾的人名后可以's 也可以有格符号 '

如果是用 and 接的两个人名,则在第二个人名上加-'s也可以同时有两个有格:

My brother’s neighbour’s sister is a nurse. 我兄弟的邻居的姐姐/妹妹是一名护士。

有些无生的物面也可以有格,如与时间有的:

in twenty minutes' time

3 minutes' walk(drive) 走路或开车三分钟的路

a month’s salary

表示值少钱也可以有格:

I want ten pounds' worth of minced meat. minced meat 碎肉

How much damage was there? 大的损失?

There was a hundred pounds'worth of damage.

 

【语法精粹】

I want ( C ).

A.a dollar worth candy B.candy a dollar's worth

C.a dollar's worth of candy D.a dollar worth's candy

 

Multiple choice questions

5     During this time, they will give five performances. That's what they'll do       a  this time.

a. in b. on c. of d. while during this time: 在这段期间

during in 之间有区别, 但是它们之间却是近义词

during this time=in this time this time  这一次

6     The police will have a difficult time      a   .

a. as usuall  b. as usual c. than usua d. from usual as usual 像往常一样

7     The police     b   expecting the singers to arrive soon.

a. is b. are c. will d. was the people,the police,the cattle  集合名词,表示复数

8     They are pop singers. So _ c_ .

a. they are folk singers b. they are public singers

c. everyone likes them d. no one likes them pop=popular adj. 受欢迎的, everyone likes

folk adj. 民间的, 民族public adj. 公众

12 It's always the same on these occasions. It's always the same at     d  like this.

 


 

a. situation b. conditions c. place d. times on these occasions:在一个时候

situation: , in the situation

condition: 状态, 条件, in the condition

 

11 The Greenwood Boys will give five performances. They will give five _ a     .

a. recital  b. executions c. play d. songs recital n. 朗诵,(对外公开)的演出

execution n. 演出(倾向技巧)play n. 戏剧songs n.

 


Lesson 14 Do you speak English?

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

amusing adj. 好笑的,有趣的

experience n. 经历

wave v. 招手

lift n. 搭便车

reply v. 回答

language n. 语言

journey n. 旅行

amusing adj. 好笑的, 有趣的

The story is amusing. (好笑的

amused adj. 感到好笑的(要笑出声

I am amused.

amuse v. 使发笑,使愉快

The story amused me.

funny  adj. 好笑的(不一要笑出声可以指贬义),开心的,人开心的

interesting / funny story

 

experience n. 经历(数)经验(不

n. 经历(

He has a lot of experiences. (经历,数名词

n. 经验,验(不

They want someone with a lot of experience for this job. (经验,不数名词

Does she have any experience in teaching?

vt. 经验,

Have you ever experienced anything like this?

The village has experienced great changes since 1980. experienced adj. 有经验的,经验丰富的

He is an experienced doctor.

 

wave v. 招手

wave to sb. 人招手

lift n. 搭便车

take a bus/taxi/lift 乘公汽车/乘出租汽车/搭便车

B wants to take a lift. 人想搭便车

I want to take a lift.

A give B a lift. 让某人搭便车

The student gave me a lift.

thumb lift 拇指便车(向过路车辆竖起拇指表示要求免搭车)

 


reply v. 回答

reply answer 区别

作为不物动词是一样的 :

He answered/replied.

作为物动词不一样了 :

answer sth.

answer the letter 回信

reply to sth.

I will reply to the letter. 回信

language n. 语言

native language 母语

The native language is Chinese. mother tongue 母语(口语中用) My mother tongue is Chinese.

 

journey n. 旅行

journey n. 有的旅行,偏重于陆地旅行

go on a journey

2 hours' journey3 days' journey(三天路)

trip n. 旅行或出差(时间或距离上)

go on a trip = go on business travel n. 周游(途旅行) tour  n. 游玩(为了玩)

tourist n. 游客voyage

n. 旅行()

flight n. 空中飞行

Text

I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'

参考译文

去年我有过一次有趣的经历. 国南部的一个小村庄后, 我继续驶往一个城镇. 途中, 一个青年人向我招手. 我把车停, 他向我提出要求搭车. 他一, 语向他问, 同样用语回答我. 除了个几个单词外, 我根本不会. 旅途中我们谁也没讲话. 要到达那个镇时, 那青年突然开了, 慢慢地说道 : “你会讲英语吗?”我很快了解到, 他自己就是个英国人!

 

【课文讲解】

 


1After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town.

after 引导的从如果一个是过去时,一个是过去完成时,那一是从用过去完成时before 引导的表示“在……之前”,主发生在从之前,  用过去完成时。

drive on 继续开往(on 在动词的后表示继续

My heart will go on 《我心永恒》

drive to 开车去

副词 on 跟在动词后可以表示“向前”、“继续去”意义:

He talked on until everybody had gone. 他滔滔不绝地讲到大家走了。

I was reading when my friend called. After he had gone, I went on to read.

我朋友来看我时我在看书。他走了后我便继续看书。

表达方位的表达方3 个介词, in(在……,on(接壤),to(没有接的, 相离

A is to the east of B A B 的东方(A B 接) A is on the east of B  A B 的东方(A B 接壤) A is in the east of B              A B 的东方(A B 的里

2On the way, a young man waved to me. on the way 在路, 在途中

wave to sb. 人挥手

3  As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language.

as soon as ……就……,后一个(时间状语从), 强调两个动作几乎是在一起的, 的先发生

As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once. As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back.

只要是状语从, 一旦遇到将来时, 变为一现在时

As soon as you arrive,you must call me. 你一到打我电话

表示用种语言作为交际手段时介词用 in,表示讲种语言时可以介词。I

speak English. I say a word in Chinese. That book is written in German.

reply 要想宾语要to (+要回答的)in the same language 中作状语, 不是 replay 应回

答的问(宾语), 故用 in

 

4Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. apart from… ……以

notat all 点都不,表强调

I don't like it.

I don't like it at all.

 

5I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?' nearly 将要

when 的翻译要看时的具体情, 在这里译为“在此时”

 


I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there.

 

Do you speak English? 你说英语吗? 你是说英语国家的人吗?(问的是一个事实,不是问会说英语吗

Do you swim? 你去游泳吗? Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?

 

6As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'

I learn 我得知; I know (我本来就知)

As+主语+动词,从 As my mother said/As I heard/ As I learnt ……

As we know,the New Concept English is very good. 如我们所知……

As I think,it is the coldest day in the year. As he said, English is easy to learn.

himself 反身代词单独放在, 起强调作用

I read English myself.

 

 


Key structures


过去完成时

 


过去完成时:由 had+过去分词构成,它表示过去时或动作发生之前已经完成的动作或况,即“较

的过去”。过去完成时一一个过去时态作铺垫, 这个动作一要发生在 had done 之后。

在用过去完成时态的子中,常用whenafteras soon asuntilby that time 。常与现在完成用的副词如alreadyjustnevernever…before  常与过去完成时用,强调事件发生的先后次序:

I didn’t know that she was a famous actress until you had told me. The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.

在那些用过去完成时的子中没有明确的时间状语,但通过上下可以看出动作发生的先后。

Exercises D (确的时态填空)

1     The moment he had said this, he       (regret) it.

the moment = as soon as ……就……,后直接

2     It       (begin) to rain before she took a taxi. before 引导的从用一过去时, 用过去完成时

Special DifficultiesAsk Ask For

ask v. 问,询问请求,要求,邀请

ask a question/ask sb. 问(一个问/

I asked (Mary) a question.

They asked Tony to sing a song.

They asked her to spend the weekend with them. ask for 要,要求(样东西)

ask for the answer

I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.

 


 

You are always asking for help.

 

Except, Except for Apart from

三者表示“除……以外”,有时可以互换,但 except 不用于首,except for apart from 可以

Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you. Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.

apart from 习惯喜欢放, apart from=except/besides

如果认为整之中这件事的人除了整之外,还有这个人也做了(包括,是=besides如果认为整之中这件事的人除了整之外,这个人没有排除,是减号=except如果放在首,统一用apart from 代替 except/besides

All the passengers are millionaire except us. (减号

I invited everyone except George. / Except for George I invited everyone. Except for/apart from this, everything is in order.

except for 含有对整中的一个方不满意,except for 可以不放在, 强调整体当一方除外,

的整体都不错

The article is very good except for his handwriing. Except for his height, he is very excellent.

 

Which ofEither ofNeigher of Both of上面这些都可用于指两个人或两件事 either of 两者中的任何一个

neither of 两者

which of 那一个

both of 两者

询问在两个或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时,which

I like both of these bags. Which of the two do youprefer?

either neither 是对两个人或物言(后接单数名词either one or the other(不是这个是那个either neither 后跟 of 时则指两个事物中的每一个

either of sb. ……当中的任何一个

neither of sb. ……当中的任何一个不(neither of(注意英音与美音的读音)两者之间, 一旦出现, 话里不会再出现 not

I don't like the book. My sister doesn't like it either. Neither of us likes it. (注意要用单数)

Which bag shall I use?

Either of them. It doesn’tmatter which. 哪个行。用哪个系。

Neither of them. Use a suitcase. 哪个不行。用个手提箱吧。

both 只指两个人或物。它用在名词前时,of ;当用在代词前时,其后必须of

Both books/Both of the books are interesting. Both of us/them left early.

none of 三者或三者以上之间

Exercise

 


 

5  He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for). either of(前not, 故只either of, asked

 

Multiple choice questions

6     I speak a few words of French. I don't know      b   French.

a. many b. much c. plenty of d. a little French , many

plenty of 足够not…plenty of 不够

not much = a little 一些

not a little = much 

7     Neither of us spoke. We _ c     .

a. neither spoke b. either spoke

c. both didn't speak d. neither didn't speak

neither 不会not we neither,只neither of us either 任何一个

both 两者

we both/ both of us 两个

11 He replied in French. He    b  the writer in French.

a. responed b. answered c. returne d. remarked

responded replied 一样,replied 面加宾语一toanswer 可以直接宾语

9  The young man waved to the writer. He     c  him.

a. salute  b. greeted c. signalled to d. nodded salute v. 行军礼, 军人的问候

The soldier saluted his officer. 士兵的问候

greet v. 问候 signal v. 发出信

10  He asked for a lift. He was a    b  .

a. tramp b. hitch hiker c. passenge d. foreigner

tramp n. 流浪汉 hitch hiker 搭便车的人 passenger n. 乘客(指要车钱的那种)

 

12 The writer had   b_ reached the town when the young man spoke. a.often b.almost c.sometimes d.just as almost=nearly

just as+时间从 正当……

 


Lesson 15 Good news

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

secretary n. 秘书

nervous adj. 精神张的

afford v. 负担得起

weak adj. 弱的

interrupt v. 插话,打断

secretary n. 秘书

两种发音,同样还有 history 是两种发音

secret n. 秘密(注意发音与 secretary 的不同

nervous adj. 精神张的

adj. 神经质的,神经张的

She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?

张的,心的,绪不安的

He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.

 

nervous  adj. 精神张的(事发生时) worried  adj. 心的(为后的事upset adj. 不安的 (前的事) irritable               adj. 易怒的,急躁的

Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.

 

afford v. 负担得起

vt. 买得起(常与 can/can’t

afford sth.

I can afford the coat.

vt. 担负得起(损失、后果,花得起(时间)(常与 can/can’t

afford money/time

I can afford the hoilday. (有时间去) I can afford five yuan.

I can only afford one week for the trip. afford to do sth.

I can’t afford to beill again. 我不再病了。

I can afford to buy the book.

vt. 提供,给予

Joe afforded us a room for the night.

 

interrupt v. 插话, 打断

interrupt v. 打断人的话

 


disturb v. 打扰

Sorry to disturb you. interruption n. 中断,打断

Text

The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.

'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice. 'Don't interrupt,' he said.

Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

 

参考译文

秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我. 我走进他的办公室, 感到非常. 我进去的时候, 连头也没抬. 待我坐, 他说生意非常不景气. 他还告诉我, 公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开, 20 个人已经. 道这次该轮到我了.

“哈姆斯沃斯先生, “我无力地说.

“不要打断我的话, “他说.

后他微笑了一告诉我说, 我每年将得到 1,000 英镑的额外收入.

 

【课文讲解】

1The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.

would 在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时,是表示“想……”、“要……”的意思:

What would you like to have? John wouldn’t lend me hisbicycle.

2He did not look up from his desk when I entered. look up 表示原先在埋干什么,之后抬

He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise. look down 往地看(look up 的反义词)

look down upon/on sb. 瞧不起

I look down upon my sister.

 

3After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. Business is very good! 生意好!

 

4He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. collect salary 领薪水

pay salary 支付薪水

large 指东西的数量大

so 的后面加形容词或副词such 的后面加名词, 容许在该名词前面加修饰词

 


5I knew that my turn had come.

turn n. 轮流,轮班,(依次轮流时各自的)一次机会

My turn has come.

It is my turn. 轮到我了(口语常用形) When his turn came, he couldn’t speak any word.

 

6'Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice. in a … voice ……的声音

in a loud(大声)/low (低声)/weak(强调心里不踏实)/strong(直气壮) voice

 

7Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

以下几个词都可表示 , 的意思, 注意用:

an extra thousand(作名词看)

数量+extra+ 再有

On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.

Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.

two others = two other +名词

two more

Give me two extra/other/more books. 再给我两本书。

once more: 再一次

another three days 另外三天(只有 another 的数词在后

 

 


Key structures


间接引语

 


说的话告诉另外一个人时,应该使用间接引语。间接陈述的时态往往受引述动词的响。引

述陈述时最常用的动词是 say telltell 必须跟表示人称的间接宾语(tell sb.say 跟或不跟 to+讲话对象。

1、主从一致 : 和从的时态一致

的动词为一现在时, 为任意时态

的动词为一过去时, 对应的过去时态(时态倒移)现在时——> 过去时 现在进行时——> 过去进行时

现在完成时——> 过去完成时 将来完成时——> 过去将来完成时一过去时——> 过去完成时

2、人称变化:主要是第一和第二人称变化

3、只要属于宾语从, 引导词 that 可以省略

Special DifficultiesNervous and Irritable

nervous adj. 张不安的

Examinations make menervous. irritable adj. 易怒的

He is such an irritable person, you can hardly speak to him.

他这个人如此容易发怒,你简直没有办与他讲话。

 


Office, Study, Desk

office n. 办公室

study n. 书房

I often read in the study when I want peace and quiet. desk n. 课桌

Exercises

1 We shall use the spare room in our new house as a        . study

5  Since his illness he has been very.......He is always losing his temper.

irritable

Since his illness=> 自从他生了病 since +名词

Multiple choice questions

6    d  turn is it? It's your turn.

a. Which b. To whom c. Who d. Whose My turn has come.()/It is my turn.(口语)

Whose turn (is it)?/who is next? 轮到一个?

10 It's your turn   c_ .

a.It's your line b.It's your row c.You're next d.It's your chance It's your turn. You're next.

 

12 The writer would receive an extra 1,000 a year. He would get 1,000 a year       b  .

a. less b. more c. over d. up

more 可以放数词和名词之间, 甚至可以放在整个名词的后two more eggs,once moreextra other

放在数词和名词之间, another 放在数词前

over sth. 超过()什么东西

over three years up adv.

climb up

 

 

【语法精粹】

间接引语:如果是现在进行时在直接引语中变成间接引语,  极有可能选用过去完成时

1. My brother  while he  his bicycle and hurt himself.

A.fell/was riding B.feel/was riding

C.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/wasriding fell(),ride(骑自行车)

 

2. He  C his leg as he      in a football match. A.broke/played  B.was breaking/wasplaying C.broke/was playing                            D.was breaking/played break one's leg

 


 

3. My father will be here tomorrow. I thought that he  A today.

A.was coming B.is coming C.will come D.comes be coming 表示将要

跟  gocomeleavearrive 相连的词一会用进行时态表示将来时态,它们过去进行时态很有可能

达过去将来时态的含义

4. Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman who  B   . A.come B.was coming C.had been coming              D.had come collide : , 对概念

5. Mike couldn't come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because she     C in the lab. A.had been working              B.has been working              C.was working                            D.worked

 


Lesson 16 A polite request

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

park v. 停放(汽车

traffic n. 交通

ticket n. 交通违规罚

note n. 便条

area n. 地段

sign n. 指示牌

reminder n. 提示

fail v. 无视,忘记

obey v. 服从

park v. 停放(汽车) parking area  停车场

stop the car 车在运动中停

traffic n. 交通

traffic police 交通警

traffic lights 交通灯,另义为拐弯口红绿灯十字路口

traffic jam 交通堵塞

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam heavy traffic 繁重的交通

I was ordered todrive in heavy traffic. in heavy traffic 交通

first crossing/turning 叉路口, 拐角

note n. 便条

note n. 纸条, 纸钞

make notes 做笔

message n. 消息

area n. 地段

area n. 场地, 地段(一块对方), 大地, 小地点都可以

place n.

region n. (交战, 开火)

In this region, there were a lot of wars. 战火

reminder  n. 提示(可以指人,也可以指物, remind v. 提示, 提醒

remind sb. of sth.

An older photo can remind me of my childhood. You remind me of your mother.

 


 

remind sb. to do sth.

 

fail v. 无视, 忘记,失败

vi. 失败

fail+ 做某事失

fail (in) doing sth. 些方失败 in 省略

He failed.

He failed (in) examination.

vi.

I hope I haven’t failed in the French test.

vt. 使……

The teacher said he would fail me if I don’t work harder.

vt. 能……,不能……,忘记……(后接不定式

fail to do sth. 没有做某事,忘记做……

He failed to swim across the river. He failed to finish his work in time. Don’t fail to past the letter for me.

not fail to do sth. 定能

I can not fail to pass it.

You can not fail to drive it. 你一定能够驾驶

If you arrived in Beijing, you cannot fail to find the New Oriental School.

 

Text

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!

 

参考译文

一旦你把汽车停错了地方, 交通警很快会发现. 如果他没给你罚单放你走了, 算你走运. 然而, 况并不是这样, 交通警有时很客气. 有一次在瑞典, 我发现我的车有这样一个字条 : “先生, 迎您光临我们的城市. 是‘禁止停车’. 如果您对我们街的标牌稍加注意, 您在此会过得很愉快的.谨此提请注意. “如果你收到这样的恳求, 你是不会不遵照执行的!

 

【课文讲解】

1If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.

英语中指每个人/任何人的不代词通常是 one,但在日常会话中,非正式you 为常用。

One can never know what will happen tomorrow.

一个人永远不会道明天将会发生什么事。

If you make a journey around the world, you’ll see many beauty spots.

如果你进行一次环球旅行的话,你会看到许风景胜地。

 


in the wrong place 不合适的地方

wrong adj. 不合适的, right adj. 合适

He is the right person who you are looking for.

They met(A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time.

You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time.

 

2You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. let (sb.) go 放开,释放,使自由,人)去

The man won’t let go (of) my arm. 那人抓我的胳膊不放。

He is very angry now. He won’t let you go easily. without a ticket=without giving you a ticket

If 引导的叫条件, without 的名词叫条件

without+n. 如果没有……

Without water,fish cannot live.

 

3However, this does not always happen.

however=but 然而however 常常放在首或子中都可以but 习惯放在两个子之间but 转折语义比较强,however 转折语义比较弱

4During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.'

on my car 指车的外

welcome sb. to+ 欢迎人来

enjoy v. 享受

I have enjoyed mystay here. 我已经在这很快乐了

Enjoy your stay here. 祝你玩得开心

only a reminder==not a ticket

No Parking”在中作area 语,由若干个词合成的词组型语有:

a never-to-be-forgotten day 一个永远忘掉的日子

a well-to-do family 一个富裕的家庭

 

 


Key structures


条件句(Conditional sentences

 


if 引导的条件从够发生、可能发生或可能发生过的事件。如果认为将来的事件很可能会发生, 那

if 中要用一现在时(有时用其他形的现在时),主中用 will(或 shall动词形或其他的将来时。

If he is sleeping,don't wake him up.

条件的主中的 will 表示肯如此或几乎可以会如此。如果觉得其“肯程度达不到使用 will程度,或者如果想表达建议其他意思,就可以态助动词来代替 will条件中的主可以祈使语气表示请求、建议

You can post these letters if you want to. If it’s fine tomorrow, we can/may go out.

 


 

Please let me know if you cant’t come.

 

Exercises C

5  If he      (enjoy) concerts, why doesn't he come with us?

5.enjoys, why doesn't 跟第三人称, 是一种建议; why not 在一起表示建议

Special DifficultiesPolice and Traffic Police traffic police 交通警 police n. 警察

n. 警察部门,警方(the

Ring the police if there is a burglary. 如果发生入户盗窃给警方打电话。

警察(复数

The police are questioning aforeign tourist. 警察们在盘问一名外国游客。

如果要单指一名警察,可以policeman policewoman

There is a traffic policeman over there. You can ask him the way to the station.

 

Pay attention to,Care,Take care of,Look after

pay attention to (思想注意

pay attention (to sth.) 注意……

notice (眼睛的)注意

care , 在意

I don't care. 我不在乎。

Who cares 我不在乎(在乎!)

I don’t care if he breaks his neck! 是折断颈骨,我不在乎!

take care of==look after 照顾, 照料

Please take care of/look after the children for me when I am out.

 

Remind and Remember

remind v. 提醒

remind sb. of sth., remind sb. to do sth.

I reminded him to post my letter. remember v. 记起, 记得

Do you remember? 你想起来了吗? remember sth.

Remember? 记得吗?(可以单独用) remember to do sth. 记得要去做……

Remember to send the letter. remember doing sth. 记得已经

I remembered sending the letter. remember sb. to sb. 前者向后者表示问候

Remember me to your mother. 代我向你母亲问好

Exercise (选择确的词)

 


 

1 You can only learn if you(look after)(pay attention).

只有你注意的时候, 你才会学到东西. pay attention

 

Multiple choice questions

1 Traffic police are _ a_ .

a. occasionally very polite b. never very polite

c. always very polite  d. seldom very polite seldom =hardly 很少(意思)相当“not” occasionally=sometimes              偶尔

hardly 几乎不(意思)

I'hardly went there.

 

6No Parkingmeans _ a_ .

a. don't leave your car here b. without parking

c. don't stop d. there's no room to park here park v. 停放(侧重放)

stop v. 运动中的东西停

leave v. , , 丢在(宾语和地)

leave sth. here

I left keys at home.

I left my wallet in the taxi.

 

7 This note is only a reminder. It's    d_ .

a. nothing b. no one c. nothing extra d. nothing more nothing 是不代词,不代词的修饰词, 要放在不代词的后

anything important 重要的事

It is nothing. 他什么不是.

extra 做定语时,一要放在被修饰词前,如 one extra thousand;而 more 可以放在被修饰词前或后,如 two more.../...more

nothing extra : ×  nothing more :

9 You will enjoy your stay. It will    d  you.

a.amus b.enjoy c.laugh at d.please enjoy 的典型用是“主语从宾语身得到享受”

laugh at(sb.)   嘲笑amuse(sb.)  让某人笑出来 please(sb.) 让某人高兴; 取悦

可以直接人的动词:shocksurpriseamusepleaseworry,其征是和人的感觉相连

be worried about ……担

I am worried about my house.

My house worries me我的房子.

 


Lesson 17 Always young

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

appear v. 登场,扮演

stage n. 舞台

bright adj. 鲜艳的

stocking n. (女用)筒袜(棉的, 绒的, 并不是现在的丝袜) sock n.

appear v. 登场, 扮演

vi. 出现,显露(反义词是 disappear

The plane appeared. The plane disappeared.

vi. 众露面;登场(演出

The actor appeared.

I can’t appear in this dress at the party. appear as 扮演……角色

He appeared as a prince.  (prince n. 王子) appear on the stage as… (扮演的确切表达)

My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl.

vi. 似乎,看起来好象(与 seem 同义),显得(系动词,后直接形容词) He appears nervous. 他显得很(看起来)

She appears to know you. Now it appears you are wrong.

 

stage n. 舞台

on the stage 在舞台

in the stage 一阶段(时期)

 

bright adj. 鲜艳的 bright red 鲜红色bright yellow  明黄色bright blue 宝蓝色

Text

My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'

 


参考译文

我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员, 她至少35 岁了. 尽管如此, 她却常在舞台扮演小姑娘. 詹妮弗很快又要参一个新剧的演出. 这一次, 她将扮演一个 17 岁的少女. 演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的筒袜. 去年在演另一个剧时, 她不得不穿袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服. 一旦有人问起她有大年纪,她总是回答 : “亲爱的, 成大人真怕啊!”

 

【课文讲解】

1My aunt Jennifer is an actress.

-ess 结尾的是女性;以-or-er 结尾的是男

actor

男演员

actress

女演员 :

waiter

男服务员

waitress

女服务员

prince

王子

princess

公 主

lion

公狮子

lioness

母狮子

doctor

男医生

woman doctor

女医生

god

goddess

 (God ,注意 “G” 大写)

2She must be at least thirty-five years old.

年龄的两种表示方

数字+years old,作表语 thirty-five years old 三十五岁

数字+-year-old,作

my four-year-old daughter

must + 动词原 不得不,  必须(对现在的)

She must be a model.

She is fifteen years old. 她五岁了

She must be fifteen years old. 她很可能五岁

She must be at most fifteen years old. 她最十五岁

She must be at least fifteenyears old. 她至少十五岁

at least 至少, 最少

If you can’t clean the car, you can at least help me to clean it. at most 

3In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

in spite of 不管,尽管 (“of” 为介词, 名词、代词或从) in spite of this 尽管如此

In spite of this, I still like school.

school  前不“the”表示学,the”只表示学校

In spite of what you have said about her, she is much better than Mary. 4Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.

join 一种团

join sb./sth.

join the army 参军

 


join the party 入党

 


join us (口语)入我们(这个团)中来 take part in  加某一种活动

take part in the race 

take part in a play take part in the party

attend 出席

attend the meeting 会议, 出席会议

attend the party 出席宴会

attend the class 

Thank you for your attending.  谢谢大家的出席(到来) Thank you for your listening. 谢谢大家的听讲

5This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.

两种年龄的表达:

She is eighteen years old. She is a girl of eighteen.

 

6In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.

in (+颜色、衣服) 穿着……样的衣服,用介词语取代动词,避免了一话中出现两个动

The boy in green.

in a bright red dress 鲜红色的衣裙

bright,orange-coloured dress 鲜艳的桔黄色衣服

7If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!' ever = at any time              任何时候(时间副词)

it must be 定……(表示推测) grown-up  adj. 成年人

be grown-up 作为一个成年人

grow up ()

有人问你年龄时,你可以这样回答:

It is a secret. / It is privacy. I forget it.

 

 


Key structures


情态助动词 must

 


Must 译为“必须”,可以表示“必要,命令或强制,邀请,决心,不推卸的责任”等多处含义。它没

有时态和人称变化,通常只用于现在时和将来时。在其他时态时,must 的有些含义可以have to have got to这三种形般可以互换,但用于第一人称时,haveto(havegotto)强调客观的要求或外在的原因, must

则强调主观的要求或表示说话的人认为自有权做某事。

have to have got to 往往可以互换,但与 alwayssometimes 副词用时,用 have to 往往比用

havt got to 好。have got to have to 口语化。

 


在过去时的子中, 要用 have to 来表示 必须have to 可以有任意时态

She will have to… She had to…  She has/I have had to…

have to 作为实义动词, 定式don't have towill not have todidn't have to

在表达“难道你不不(做……)”时,一用“Must you?不用“Do you have to…?Must you leave now? 难道你非得现在走吗?

I’m afraid so. I have to study for an exam.

must 可以表示推测,must do 表示对现在的推测must have done 表示对过去的推测

He must be mad.

I think…/he thinks…的从中,一要用事实说话. (说成 “I think he must be a fool.” ) must be 的否定式can’t be(不可能):

Someone’s using the phone, it must be John.

It can’t be John. He promised me he wouldn’t use it today.

 

Special DifficultiesAs 的用法

作为介词,可以表示“作为”、“以……身份”

In this film, he appeared as a policeman.

As a mechanic, he can’t always keep himself clean.

②  作为词,可以表示“因为”、“正当……时候”、“以……”或“如同……那样”

You must take care of the bady tomorrow as I am going to London.(因为,由于) As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.正当……时候)

Do as you are told. 叫你做就怎(按你被告的那样去)以……

As I learned,(如同……那样

……工作

I work as an engineer.

 

Dress, Suit, Costume

dress n. 裙子,晚礼服,衣裙() suit n. 套装(男

Mybrother never wears ready-made suits. 我的弟弟从来不穿成衣。

costume n.  演出服,民族服装,一年代穿的服装

All the actors worefifteenth-century costumes. 有演员穿15 世纪的服装。

Grow and Grow up

grow vi. ,成,发育

Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country. How tall you’ve got! You’ve grown a lot.

grow up 成,成熟(其被动态表示大成人

Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her.

自从我次见到她之后,露西已成熟了许

What do you want to do when you’re grown up?

Some people never grow up. 有些人总是成熟不起来。

 


Exercises

3 She hired a(suit)(costume)for the fancy-dress party. costume

fancy-dress-party 化妆舞会 hire v. 雇,

Multiple choice questions

1     The story about Jennifer suggests that      d_ .

a.  she is not too old to appear on stage as a young girl

b.  she is too young to appear on stage as a young girl

c.  she is the right age to appear on stage as a young girl

d.  she is too old to appear on stage as a young girl suggest v. 暗示

right age 适合的年龄

too…to… ……以至于不

2     One of these statements is true. Which one? b

a.  We know exactly how old Jennifer is.

b.  We do not know exactly how old Jennifer is.

c.  Jennifer is thirty-five years old.

d.  Jennifer is over thirty-five years old. she must be… 表示对现在的推测 exactly adv. 确 切 地

exact words 确切的话

What’s his exact words?

 

3     She must be at least thirty-five years old. In my opinion she      b .

a. has b. is c. can d. must

in one's opinion =sb. think 就某人看来(后是事实

in one's opinion 常常取代 sb. think, I think 太强调个人观

7     She had to wear short socks. It was   b_ for her to wear them.

a. certain b. necessary c. important d. impossible

it is + adj.+ (for sb.) to do… 做某件事情……it 为形主语,for sb.为逻辑主语) It is troublesome to learn English.

It is easy to do sth.

It is troublesome for us to learn English. have to do sth. =sth. is necessary…

You have to go home. =It is necessary for you to go home.

 

8     She often appears as a young girl. She _ a   on the stage as a young girl.

a. is presented b. points c. show d. seems

appear v. 扮演,本意为 出现, 显示 seems v. 看起来,

show v. 显示, ……

 


be on show 展览, 演出

be presented 出席 √(过去的习惯用)

be present<adj.> 出席(反义词be absent 缺席)

11     Men usually wear _ a_ .

a. socks instead of stockings b. stockings instead of socks

c. either socks or stockings d. neither socks nor stockings instead of 替(往是没的事either…or… 或者……或者……

neither…nor…    即不……也……

sock stocking 筒袜(女用)

 

12     She is grown up. She is _ _d  .

a. very old  b. an adolescent c. a teenage d. an adult grown adj.大的,成年的,物的

grown up adj. 成年的,成熟的n. 成年人

grow up 

adolescent adj. 青春期的(13-16 ),青春的n. 青少年

adolescent criminal 青春期犯罪

teenager n. 十几岁的人(10-20 )男女青少年

adult n. 成年人

 


Lesson 18 He often does this!

New words and expressions】生词和短语3

pub n. 小酒店

landlord n. 店主

bill n. 帐单

Text

After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there! As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.

'Did you have a good meal?" he asked.

'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.'

The landlord smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to

me.

'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!'

 

参考译文

我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后, 找我的提包. 我曾把它放在门边的椅子, 这会不见了!

在寻找时, 酒店老板走了进来. “您吃得好吗?” 他问.

“很好, 谢谢. “我回答, “但我不了帐, 我的提包没有了. “

酒店老板笑了笑, 走了出去. 一会工夫他拿我的提包回来了, 把它还给了我. “实在, “他说, “我的狗把它弄到花园里去了, 他常干这种事!”

 

【课文讲解】

1After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. Pub public house(酒店,酒店)的缩写

Let’s go to the pub for a drink.

 

2I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!

leave  除了“去,开,出发”的意思,还可以表示“把(人、物)留,遗留,丢

Have you left anything in the car?

 

3'I'm very sorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!' he 指店主的狗,英语国家人士常用人称代词 he she 指自喂养的宠物。

 

 


Key structures


have 的用法

 


1have  作为助动词构成各种完成时和完成进行时

2have 可以作完全动词,作“具有、有”讲时,它和 have got 通常可以互换。have , 概念时, 作为实义动词, 也可作为非实义动词。在英国英语中的和否定句have(具有)的用be 同,即可以不用助动词 do did在美国英语中,常用 do 助动词和 have 一起构成

 


和否定句

I don’t have a pen/a headache. I haven’t a pen /a headache.

三种have 可以have got 取代

I have a pen. I have got a pen.

I have a headache. I have got a headache.得病

have to== have got to

have 作“具有,有”讲时是状态动词,不用于进行时态或被动语态,通常用于一现在时。在其它时态中,一 have 不用 have got

You can have these apples if you want them. I’ve got a lot more.

如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走。我还有许

He must be very fond of animals to have five dogs.  他一非常喜欢动物,才会养五条狗。

3have 作完全动词时,还可以表示 eatdrinkenjoytake 意思,这时它是行为动词,可以用于包括进行时的各种时态。have 用于表示这些含义时,它必须与助动词 do 等连构成或否定句have dinnerhave a cigarettehave coffeehave a holidayhave a good timehave a swimhave a rest

 

Exercises C

下面哪几话中have got 来代替 have?

1     He had a drink before dinner. ...不换...

2     Mrs. Sullivan has a lot of money. ...... 

3     He had to leave early. ......

4     We have had a long conversation. ...不换... 进行

5     My mother has aheadache. ... ... 

6     They had a good time at the party. ...不换... have a good/long time : 过的愉快(定短)

7     This sock has a hole in it. ......

8     She has to be patient with him. ...... has to patient n.病人, adj.忍耐的, 耐心的

9     I have a bath every day. ...不换... have a swim,have a bath

10     This room has four windows. ......

11     He has a farm. ......

12     We had a letter from Jill yesterday. ...不换... have a letter from==receive a letter from 收到

Special Difficultiesgive 的几个固定搭配

give 常用含义是“给予,交给”

I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning. gave away 赠送

He gave away all his books to the library. give in 交,呈交屈服,步,投降

 


Give in your examination papers after you’ve finished. You can do what you like. I will never give in.

give up doing sth. 放弃,抛弃

He gave up drinking a few years ago. give up 交出,

Jack has given up the watch he stole last week.

Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy. 我方的三名军官向敌人投降了。

Beside and Besides

beside pron. ……旁边,在……附近

Come and sit beside us.

besides adv. 且,并且,此外pron……之外(还

She has so much else to do besides. 此外,她还有许其他事要

I’m quite busy today. Besides, I’ve got a bad cold. There were a lot of people at the party besides us.

 


Lesson 19 Sold out

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

hurry v. 匆忙

ticket office 售票

pity n. 人遗憾的事

exclaim v. 大声说

return v. 退回

sadly adv. 悲哀地,丧气地

hurry v. 匆忙

vi. ,赶快,匆忙

When he saw that it was already eight o’clock, he hurried to the office.

n. 急忙,匆忙,仓促

In his hurry, he dropped some coins on the floor.

 

in a hurry <n.> 匆忙

If you are not in a hurry.  如果你不急(时间、动作) If you are not busy. 如果你不忙(行为的匆忙)

in no hurry <n.> 不匆忙

I am in no hurry. 我不急

hurry up <v.> 

hurry to 匆匆忙忙地去

He goes to school. = He hurries to school. come in 进来

hurry in 匆匆忙忙地进来

go out 出去

hurry out 匆匆忙忙地出去

pity n. 人遗憾的事

What a pity! <n.> 真遗憾!

It is a pity to be grown up. (it 主语)

It is a pity to steal a bicycle.

I am sorry. <adj.> 我感到很遗憾.

I am sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很遗憾注意 sorry pity 性上区别

exclaim v. 大声说

vt.&vi.(由于痛苦、愤怒、惊异、欣喜叫喊,惊叫

When she saw the gift, she exclaimed in delight.

vi.(表示抗议大声叫喊

She exclaimed against the rudeness of the young man.

 


shout =cry =call out 大声喊

return v. 退回

vi. 回,返回

Tim has just returned from Australia. return to 回来

return to China/Beijing 回到中国/北京

vt. ……送回,归还,退回

He returned the books to the library. return to you 退回你

return money pay back =repay 还钱

sadly adv. 悲哀地, 丧气地涵盖了有悲哀

Text

'The play may begin at any moment,' I said. 'It may have begun already,' Susan answered.

I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked. 'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.

'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed.

Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office. 'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked. 'Certainly,' the girl said.

I went back to the ticket office at once.

'Could I have those two tickets please?' I asked.

'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still want them?' 'I might as well have them,' I said sadly.

参考译文

“剧马上就要开演了, “我说.

许已经开演了呢, 苏珊回答说.

我匆匆赶到售票, : “可以买两张票吗?”

“对不起, 票已售完. “那位姑娘说.

“真!” 苏珊大声说.

在这时, 一个男子匆匆奔向售票. “我可以退掉这两张票吗?” 他问.

当然可以, “那姑娘说.

我马又回到售票.

“我可以买那两张票吗?” 我问.

当然可以, 不过这两张票是星期三的, 您是否还要呢?” “我还是买的好, “我垂丧气地说.

 


【课文讲解】

1'The play may begin at any moment,' I said. at any moment 在任何时候, 随时

The guests may arrive at any moment. It may/might rain (at) any moment.

at the moment now

at that moment just then 在那时

I will help you at any time. 我随时会帮你

mustcan'tmay+动词原形, 表示对现在、未来的推测 She must be a model.  must  , 可能She may be a model. may 可 能

She can't be a model. can't 可 能

maymustcan't + have done,表示对过去的推测

She must/may/can't have been a model. I must/may/can’t have watched TV.

 

2I hurried to the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.

Can(May) I...? ……可以?(表示“……可以?”,第一人称可以 can may 相连) May I have a ticket ? (英文中的问, 常常起礼作用)

May I have your name?   “What’s your name?” 有礼

Could I...?    我现在可以...?

(在问委婉的说, can I 些,但在时间can 区别

Can you...? 可以...? (第二人称不may 来表示“……可以?”,只can

have 是最活跃的词, 可以指任何的意思. have coffee 喝咖啡

have ticket 买票 (习惯用)

I'll have/take sth我买……(不用“buy”,用“have”习惯用)

 

3'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.

sell out (店主)售完(种货物(货)被售完

They have sold out of eggs.

Tickets for tonight’s performance are sold out.

 

4'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still want them?' for next Wednesday's performance,用名词有格来取代时间,……时间的

用介词for, 起修饰作用

ticket for+ ……

ticket to+ ……的票

May I have a ticket to Tianjing?

May I have a ticket for the sports meeting?

 


still adv. 还,可以和任意时态still, yet 和完成时态(原先认为) want them 注意

5'I might as well have them,' I said sadly.

may/might as well+动词原 还是……(奈何),不妨……

I might as well take the umbrella with me.

It’s not very far, so we may/might as well go on foot. had better+动词原形 最好……(积极心态)

 

Key structures

Can and May

1can may 都可以表示请求,can 可以couldmay 可以might 代替,语气委婉,有礼但时间没有区别

Can I use your phone please?/Could I use your phone please? May I use your phone please?/Might I use your phone please?

含有态动词的普通回答:

Of course you can/may.

No, you can’t/ may not.

2may might 可以表示推测,“可能……”。may 可以might 代替,语气委婉,有礼,但时间没有区别

may/might +动词原形:表示对现在或未来事的推测

He may come tomorrow./He might come tomorrow. may/might +have 动词过去分词:表示对过去事的推测

He may have telephoned last night, but I’m not sure. He might have telephoned last night, but I’m not sure.

3may/might as well+动词原形:还是……(奈何),不妨……

Do you think he’ll pass that exam?

He’ll never pass. He might as well give up.

 

Multiple choice questions

2     The writer _ d    .

a.  was very pleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance

b.  didn't buy tickets for next Wednesday's performance

c.  didn't want tickets for next Wednesday's performance

d.  wasn't too pleased to get tickets for next Wednesday's performance be pleased to do 什么事感到很开心

文中用了 “might as well” be too pleased to 太高兴

too…to… 么样至于没

too old to learn 太老

not too…to… 么样至于还是

not too old to learn 不是太老还可以

 


3     The play may begin at any moment. It _ c     .

a.  has begun b. won't begin for a long time

c. hasn't begun yet d. began a long time ago may+动词原形对现在或未来动作的推测

has begun 已经完成,说明已经won’t begin for a long time 好久不会开始

began a long time ago 过去

 


Lesson 20 One man in a boat

 

New words and expressions】生词和短语 5catch v. 抓到

fisherman n. 钓鱼人,渔民

boot n. 靴子

waste n.

realize v. 意识到

catch v. 抓到

vt. ,逮,捕获

The police have caught the thief. Have you caught any fish today?

vt. ,握

Can you catch the ball?

vt. 时赶到,赶

catch a bus 赶车

I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London.

catch 的一些固

catch a cold 感冒

catch one's breath 呼吸 catch sight of = see  看见 catch fire 

catch one's eyes 吸引人注意力

boot n. 靴 子

a pair of boots 一双靴子

waste n.

n.

a waste of… 费……

It is a waste of time/money/food/water.

vt.

You are wasting time.

 

realize v. 意识到

v. 认识,道,明,意识到

I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我无意中走错了房间。

I realized that I was wrong.

v. 实现(希望、目标、

realize one's dream 实现人的梦想

 


She has realized her hope to be an actress.

③  使变为事实,使发生(常用于被动语态

This plan can never be realized.

 

Text

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

参考译文

钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动. 我经常一钓数小时却一无, 但我从不为此烦. 有些垂钓者是不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不他们. 我什么东西未钓到过 --就连旧靴子没有. 我总是在河整整一, 后空袋子回家. “可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋友们说, “这是浪时间. “然而他们没有认识到重要的一, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟,事事!

 

【课文讲解】

1Fishing is my favourite sport.

fishing 是一个动名词,由动词+ing 组成,动名词可以作主语或宾语,如 eatingreading 等等

fish

n. 鱼(不数名词),鱼的种类(

There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea.

v. 钓鱼, 捕鱼

2I often fish for hours without catching anything. for+时间 表示一段时间

for hours=for some hours 数小时

without catching anything 作为状语出现, 表示结果状语。without 是介词,后宾语, 动名词 catching without 的宾语,without 的动作是主语来的。动名词有动词的特性可以有自的宾语。

without 通常表示“缺乏、没有”;当它位于动名词前时,表示“不曾、不”

I can’t repair the car withoutyour help.

They tried to leave the restaurant without paying. He went out without saying any words.

 

3But this does not worry me.

worry

v.

worry sb. 人为……扰(作动词一人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻,宾语

The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.

 


adj.

be worried about …………担

I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.

 

4Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.

instead of… 我原准备做……但是后来……instead of 的词一是没有, 可以放在

I went to school instead of staying at home. 我没呆在家里是去学了

I bought books instead of buying dresses.

without 强调没有做某件事, instead of 强调这件事没而做成了另外一件事副词 instead“作为替代,反”,单独使用时一出现在

If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead?

 

5I am even less lucky.

less little 的比较级,意为“不,不如,少”

I spend less time on English than on French. less+原形

A is less…than B A 不如B

 

6After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. spend+时间+ ……时间

after <conj.>+ ……

after <prep.>+名词/动词ing  ……之后(从主语必须是主的主语时两种形式可互换

After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )

After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.

介词after 的宾语的动名词 having spent 表示的动作发生在谓语动词 go 之前,所以动名词用完成形

with an empty bag 注意

with sth. ……的,持有……的,随身带着……(状语)

Who’s the man with the beard? without sth. 没带……

I always go home without angthing. 什么没带回家

7'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.

give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放弃做某

Give up smoking.

 

8I'm not really interested in fishing.

be intersted in sth. / doing sth. ……感兴趣

I’m interested in collecting stamps.

 


 

 


Key structures


动名词

 


动词+ing   作名词时称为动名词,它仍有动词的属可以接宾语,动名词可以代替名词主语和宾语

或介词宾语。

1、动名词作主语

Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好. 2、动名词作宾语

I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜欢骑自行车. He is capable of doing anything. 胜任任何事.

3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个成一个apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉

I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉我打断了你的说话(工作).

I must apologize for interrupting you.

由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉. for interrupting 强调 interrupt 这个动词

I must apologize for having interrupted you.for having interrupted 强调interrupt 这个动词先发生,强调时间 (having done)

以上两者为时间概念不同,意思

congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. ……祝贺(

He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道贺我赢得了这次比.

He congratulated me on winningthe competition. 在我赢得这次比之际,  他向我祝贺.

He congratulated me on having won the competition. thank you for listening/attending

动名词用表示完成时的 having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前4跟动名词的

be keen on doing sth.忠于……,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某),

congratulations on doing sth. (祝贺……

be afraid of

be up to=be capable of (capable adj.力的, 干的, 可能, 可以...)可以带动名词的介词有:beforeafterwithoutinstead of

I can’t watch TV without falling asleep. 我看电视时必会睡

5、动名词的否定式是在它前直接 not

Exercises C(用括号中的词来, 如需要对原进行必要的改动)

  1. She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes. She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

 

4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted. after+句; after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted. faint vi.昏晕, 昏倒

6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover

 


on (prep.)+doing ……就……(两个动作必须是同一个人

On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover. 冲进掩护

as soon as ……就……

the moment + ……就……以上两个主语不一是同一个人

Special Difficulties

Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.

数现在分词和许过去分词都可以作形容词用。-ed  结尾的形容词常与人称主语用,表示人的

绪、状态、喜好等;以-ing  结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语用,表明事物的征、

Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing.

钓鱼没意思我对钓鱼并不真感兴趣.

The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited.

非常激动人心. 观众非常激动.

be interested in sth./doing sth. ……感兴趣

I’m interested in collecting stamps.

 

It's and Its

it’s = it is

It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天气冷. . its 它的

This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力.

 

Realize and Understand

realize vt. 意识到……

He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误. understand vt. 白……

I don't understand English. 我不懂英语.

 

Exercises(选择确的词填空)

  1. There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio. exciting news

excited adj. 感动的 exciting adj. 人激动的

–ed,-ing 形容词即作语时,和被修饰词有on the radio 在广播

I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线,在电话里).

 

  1. He is not an (interesting) (interested) person. an interesting person

interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣

  1. He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life. an exciting life

 


explorer n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器

lead a life 着……日子

lead a happy life

He leads a poor life.

 

Multiple choice questions

2 The writer enjoys    c  .

a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in theriver enjoying doing sth

I enjoy reading books. enjoy + n.

I enjoy books.

 

6  His bag is empty. He has    b  .

a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag an 指一个, 强调名词one 一个, 强调 one,强调数量

I sent a letter. (强调信

I wrote one word.  (强调一个字

His bag is empty. 强调包是空的,不是强调一个空包。

7 I am only interested in doing nothing. That's     c  I'm interested in. a.only b.the one c.all d.the only

(that's/the) only 般加名词

that+, 往往以特问词引导

that's why…that's when…

that's all 是一切 (That’s all said.)

That's all(I heard).

That's all I can remember. the one 指东西, 不指事

11 He always goes    d_ with an empty bag.

a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home go home 习惯用, 最佳答案

go to the house 法正

没有规则与语法相提并论时,语为大与习惯用法相提并论时,习惯用为大。

Where are you going? (习惯这么说)

Where are you going to?

 


Lesson 21 Mad or not?

New words and expressions】生词和短语4

mad adj.  发疯

reason n. 原因

sum n.

determined adj的,决心的

mad adj.  发疯

sb. is mad

“为……而疯狂(”的表示方

be mad about…

I'm mad about English. be crazy about…

go insane insane adj患精神病的,精神病患者的,极愚蠢的

I slowly go insane/go crazy/go mad/go bananas. go bananas go+adj. 变得……)

They are going bananas. =go crazy=go mad (变疯了)

reason n. 原因

for this reason 由于这个由、原因

For this reason,I was late. as+ 由 于 …… because+ 由于……

sum n.

a sum of +数名 笔……

a large sum of …… (large 指数量的大) a large sum of money 一大

a great many + 数名词复数

a great number of + 数名词复数

plenty of… 足够……

determined   adj. , 决心的 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某make up one's mind   下定决心

decide to do sth. 定做……

make a decision to do sth. 定做……

determine v.下定决心

Text

Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard

 


 

night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.

参考译文

飞机在逐渐把我逼疯. 在一个机场附近, 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳. 机场是许年前建的, 但由于种原因时未启用. 然而去年机场开始使用了. 100 人肯是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去, 我是少数留来的人中的一个. 有时我觉得这房子要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒. 他们曾向我提供一大我搬走, 但我决留在这. 大家说我肯是疯了, 许他们说的是对的.

 

【课文讲解】

1Mad or not? = mad or not mad?

or not 问词的后,表示“是还不是”,选择概念

2Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. drive sb. mad 人发疯

You are driving me mad.

The teacher is slowly driving me mad.

 

3I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. night and day 日日夜夜,夜继日 (注意)

passing planes 过往飞机 passing 是现在分词,作语,起形容词作用,修饰 planes,“经过的(),过往的”)

He forgot the man with passing time. 时间的消逝,他忘掉了那个人。

sleeping baby 在睡觉的小孩

waiting car 待的车

4The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.

years 的数词时,一表示“许年”years ago = many years agoweeks 的用与它

I have not seen him for weeks.

some+数名词/数名词复 一些……

some+数名词单数  …… for some reason 由于I’ll tell you someday.

We’ll talk about it some other time.  我们改日再谈这件事。

5Last year, however, it came into use.

however 然而(用于, , 用逗号隔开

use

 


 n. 使用

 


come into use 启用,开始被使用(主动概念,没有被动

When did the train come into use? The road came into use last month.

 vt. 使用

be used 被使用(被动

6Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. over a hundred… 一百多……

must have been done 过去发生, 表示推测,被动 away from 开(away 地) out of somewhere 地出来

7I am one of the few people left.

one of… ……之一(表示指的一群人/一些东西中的一个,后的名词用复数)

One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister. You can take one of these bags.

left 表示被留来的,leave 过去分词, left 语放在被修饰词的后

left ……东西,相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留他们”

I have a bag left.

There is ten cents left in my pocket. cent n.(货币单位), 分币

8Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.

knock down 撞倒

offer v. 提供(相当given

双宾语的被动语态中,主语有两种可能; sb.主语或sth.主语 give sb. sth.——>被动 sb. be given sth.

give sth. to sb.——>被动 sth. be given to sb.

双宾语在变被动时用动词最近的宾语主语原文型结构 sb. be offered sth.

 

 


Key structures


被动语态

 


被动语态可以和大部分态动词用(包括具有态功will would

He may have been told the news.

The shops must have been closed now.

动词+宾语+定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态,也可以在不定式中用被动语态:

Mary was told to meet us. = They told Mary meet us.

型“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中,这两个宾语都可以成为被动的主语。但由于间接宾语通常是人,所以间接宾语成为被动主语的时候要些:

Sam was given a gold watch. = A gold watch was given to Sam.

 

Special Difficulties

 


Drive 的用法

v. 开车, 驾驶 (drove, driven, driving) drive to… 开车去往

I drove to Tianjing yesterday

vt. 赶,驱赶,围赶(猎物、敌人drive sb. away from  人赶走 drive sb. out of 人赶出去

During the war, many people were driven out of their homes. drive sb. back 撵回去

Our army drove the enemy back.

vt. 逼迫,迫使

drive sb. mad 逼疯

The death of all her children has driven her mad.

 

Home and House

home n. &adv. 家,家庭,家园(重指的人,常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义,带有感色彩)

I have a sweet home.

house n.  房子,房屋,宅(指建筑物

Tom must be somewhere inthe house. 汤姆肯在这屋子里的个地方。

Multiple choice questions

4     It couldn't be used then. It wasn't      d   to use it.

a. able b. allowed c. impossible d. possible

it+be 动词+形容词+to do翻译时先译 “to” 子) …………

be able to 强调主语做某, 主语必须是人

it+be 动词+表语, be allowed 表语.如将 “it改为 “people()” A,B 都正

5     Over a hundred people must have been driven away. _ a_ they were.

a. I think b. I'm sure c. Certain d. Of course must have been done:对过去的一种被动语态的推测

must have done : 对过去的一种推测

I'm sure 我肯

I’m sure she is teacher.

I think 我认为

of course 当然 certain adj. 当然(词不对, 子前不应放形容词

9     I have been offered a large _ a_ of money.

a. amount b. number c. some d. piece a large number of +数名词(不能加数名词)

an amount of+ 一大……

some of/plenty of 是不“a/an”

 


 

10     I am determined to stay here. I _d     stayhere.

a. am will to  b. want to c. may d. am going to be going to 打算、计划

want to 来自心里的一种想喜好,喜欢……

 


Lesson 22 A glass envelope

New words and expressions】生词和短语4

dream v. 梦,梦想

age n. 年龄

channel n. 海峡

throw v. 扔,抛

dream v. , 梦想

vt. 梦,梦见

dream that +

I dreamt/dreamed (that) I was in Scotland.

vi. 梦,梦见(ofabout

dream on 继续, 痴心妄想(你的梦去吧!痴心妄想了!) dream of/about sth. 梦想

I often dream of/about you. dream of doing sth. 梦想

I dreamed of flying in the sky.

I dreamed of finding the gold. / I dream of being a good teacher. think of 想,考虑,想起

Do you ever think of the girls you met at a party?

你会想起你在一个晚会遇到的姑娘们吗?

n. 梦想,幻想

have a dream = dream a dream   了一个梦 Have a good/sweat dream祝你个好梦! Have you heard of the American Dream?

dream boat   梦中, 梦寐求的(, )

Do you have dream boat?   你有梦中人吗?

daydream 思想开小差,做白日梦

She is daydreaming.

 

age n. 年龄

teengager n. 十几岁的人

adolenscent n. 青春期(指成年前由 13 15 的发育期)

 

throwthrewthrown  v. ,

vt. 投,扔,抛

Don’t throw stones at the dog. Throw the ball to Tom.

throw away 扔掉

Shall I throw this old newspaper away?

 


……对准目标,向……作出举动

George was very happy today. Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning. The boss threw him an angry look.

 

Text

My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.

 

参考译文

我的女简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信. 去年,  我们横渡英吉利海峡时,  简把写有她姓名和址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子, 又将瓶子扔进了大海. 此后她再没去想那只瓶子. 10 个月,她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信. 现在这两位姑娘期通信了. 然而她们还是决利用邮局. 这样会, 但肯是快得.

 

【课文讲解】

1My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.

同位语 My daughterJane

dream of doing sth. 梦想,幻想……

…of one's own age 同年龄的……

He is boy of my own age. receive…from… ……收到……

2Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.

the Channel= the English Channel 英吉利海峡

with 放在子后面做状语用,也可放在名词后面做定语。这里的“with her name and address on it”用来修饰名词“a piece of paper”。

I have a bag with books in it.(“in it” 省略)

 

3Both girls write to each other regularly now. write to sb. 人写信

write (a letter) to me

each  other 互,彼此,往往强调两者之间的 (注意)有时这个也可用来指许人之间“互

We must all help each other.

one another 强调三或三者以上互,有时替代 each other

 

4Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster. cost 意为“(使)花钱为……,其主语通常为物或件事

 


It costs a lot to buy a house.

sth. cost (sb.) ……花了……(钱

The dress cost me twenty pounds.

more 可做形容词, 可做代词,文中的 “more” 为代词 = more money give me more 再给我一

a little 微,可以修饰比较级much  修饰比较级,译为“

It's a little hotter. It's much hotter.

That is more expensive. (贵一些

That is a little more expensive. 微有

That is much more expensive. (贵得

but they will certainly travel faster.

=but they will certainly travel much faster.

 

 


Key structures


of, from, in on 的动词

 


动词+介词的固定短语通常分开使用,可以有自的宾语,并且大部分都可用于被动结构:

1后接 of 的动词:accuse of(控告approve of(赞成)assure of让……放心)beware of(谨防 boast of/about(夸耀), complain of/about(埋怨consist of(由……组成)convince of/about(使信服 cure of(治愈despair of(丧失……希望dream of/about(幻想expect of/from(期望hear of/from

(听到……消息be/get rid of(摆脱smell of(闻到suspect of(对……think of/about(思tired of(对……感到厌烦warn of/against(警告……有危险)

Someone must warm him ofthe difficulties. 必须有人提醒他有这些困难。

He has already been warned of them. 他已经被警告过了。

Don’t expect too much of your child.

He must have spoken of the matter to John. I have never heard of the actress.

2后接 from 的动词:borrow from(从……defend from/against (保护……使免于demand from/of

(向……要求differ from(有dismiss from(解雇)draw from(从……中得出emerge from(从……

出现)escape from(从……逃出excuse from/for(允许不……hinder from(阻止prevent from

 


prohibit from(不准许protect from/against

分开suffe from(受难


……提抗议receive from(接到separate from(把……

 


He has already received money fromthree aunts. 他已经收到三个姑妈的钱了

He borrowed three books from Mary. He always asked for help from parents.

3后接 in 的动词:believe in(信仰delight in(喜欢employ(ed) in (从事encourage in(鼓励 engage(d) in正做experience(d) in(在……有经验)fail in(没有尽到help in/with(帮助include in

(包括indulge in(沉醉instruct in(教导interest(ed) in(对……感兴趣invest in(投资involved in

(卷入)persist in(坚持share in(分享

She delights in working hard. 她喜欢努力工作。

He failed in his French test. 语考试没有通过。

Jack helped me in driving the sheep home. 杰克帮我把羊赶回家。

 


Mrs. Turner is experiencedin teaching. 纳夫人很有教学经验。

4后接 on 的动词:act on(遵守based on(在……基础call on(拜访comment on(评论 concentrate on(集中于congratulate on(祝贺consult on/about(商量)count on(依赖decide on(决depend on(依靠economize on(节约embark on(从事experiment on(尝试insist on(坚持lean on/against(倚靠于……live on(靠……为生operate on(起作用perform on/in(扮演 pride(oneself) on(为……感到自豪rely on(依靠vote on a motion/for someone(对……表决(……的票), write on/about(写……的事.

I think he wrote on the cost of living. 我想他写的是于生活用方的。

He finally decided on going home. 他最后决回家。

You can’t live on fruit only. 你不只吃水果。

Last Sunday, we called on Mr. Dupont.

 

Multiple choice questions

3 Jane never dreamed    d_ a letter.

a. to receive b. to receiving c. of receive d. that shewould receive dream of doing sth./dream that +

8     We were travelling across the Channel. We went on a _ c_ across the Channel.

a. sail b. travel c. trip d. run go on a trip 进行旅行

9     Jane wrote her name and address on a     d_ of paper.

a. lump b. bar  c. tube d. sheet a lump of paper  一团纸

a bar of 一条, 一块

a tube of paper 一桶()

a piece of paper/a sheet of paper 一张纸

10     Both girls often write to each other now. They write      a_ .

a. frequently b. occasionally c. sometimes d. now and again often = frequently

occasionally(偶尔) = sometimes(有时) = now and again(, 不时)

 

7 The girls write   a  regularly now.

a.to one another b.the one to the other  c.each to other d.to other one another(三者) = each other(两者)              ,彼此,一般可互换

They love each other.

 


Lesson 23 A new house

New words and expressions】生词和短语4

complete v. 完成

modern adj的,与往不同的

strange adj. 奇怪的

district n.

complete v. 完成 (喜欢与建筑工程连)

vt. 完成,结束

complete the building

Work on the new school will be completed next year.

adj. 完整的,全部的

《鲁迅全集》中的 全集“complete”

Do you know the complete story? This is a complete family.

adj. 十足的,彻底的,绝对的

There is complete silence in the room. That was a complete surprise.

 

finish v. 完成

finish/complete homework finish/complete doing sth. 完了

I finish reading a book.

 

modern adj. , 往不同的,现代的 modern history/art  现代史/ 现代艺术 modernization  n.现代化

strange adj. 奇怪的(表示因为对一个东西不熟悉觉得奇怪, 陌生的)

adj. 外地的,异乡的

Living in a strange land is not always a pleasant thing.

adj. 陌生的,生疏的

That morning, he saw a strange face in the classroom. be strange to sth. ……不习惯, ……陌生

This city is quite strange to me. stranger n. 陌生人

adj. 不平常的,奇的,奇怪的,古怪的

The house looks strange to some people. A strange thing happened this afternoon.

district n. ,行政划分的, 城市

 


district n,行政,地域,地带,通常隶属于个整或具有些地理特

Haidian District 北京的海淀

The Lake District of Northern England is very beautiful. 英国部的湖非常美丽。

area n. 地段

region n.地带,域,地方,(世界上某特定), (艺术,科学)领域, (大气海水)

Text

I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.

参考译文

昨天我收到了姐姐的一封信, 在尼日利亚. 在信中她说她明年将到英国来. 如果她来了, 她会感到非常惊奇了. 我们现在在乡间的一栋漂亮的新宅里. 这栋房子在我姐姐开之前已动工了, 是在 5个月前竣工的. 我在信中告诉她, 可以和我们在一起. 这栋房子里有许房间, 还有一个漂亮的花园.它是一栋非常现代化的, 因此在有些人看来很古怪. 它肯是这个地唯一的一栋现代化.

 

【课文讲解】

1If she comes, she will get a surprise.

get a surprise 感到惊奇(这里 surprise 数名词,指“人惊奇的事,意想不到的事”

It’s a surprise to me that they can’t sell their flat. surprise 也可以作不数名词,表示“惊讶”

She looked at the man in surprise.

to one's surprise = I get a shock. 吃了一惊

2We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. a beautiful new house

一个名词最近的词跟该词的系最密切冠词肯是放在最前

spare old cloth 不穿的旧衣服

a big red flag 大红旗 (flag n. , 标记v. 标记)

 

3Work on it had begun before my sister left.

work(工作,作业)是抽象的不数名词,“……的工作”后必须用介词 on

 

4In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us.

stay with ……在一 stay vi. ,逗留

He stayed with his uncle last week.

 


Special DifficultiesThere is and It is

在说明或询问人或物的存在时there be 结构。这种结构可以用一现在时、一过去时、一将来时现在完成时时态。在用 there 表示过存在后,必须用 it 或人称代词作进一步说明:

There’s a bus coming, but it’s full.

There’s a man at the door. It’s the postman.

it 作为“虚主语”表示时间、距、天气概念时,不there be 结构

It’s fifteen miles to the station.

 

Exercise(it there 填空)

3 were some men digging up the road outside my house.

there : There+be+sb.+doing+: 地有做某(典型) digging up: 挖出, 找出

4  Look at those clouds. I think      will be a thunderstorm.

there : 在表示天气的时候, 如果是动词或形容词, it, 如果是名词, there be. It is raining(动词)/It is cold(形容词).

There be +名词 : There is a rain. 有一场雨

thunderstorm n.雷暴, 大雷雨

9 After dinner      will be a long discussion on politics. there

on politics 于政治 (politics n.政治, 政治学, 政纲, 政见)

10 When will       be convenient for you to come? it

When will it be convenient for you? 什么时候对你来说最方便?

 


Lesson 24 It could be worse

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

manager n.

upset adj. 不安

sympathetic adj. 表示同

complain v.

wicked adj. 很坏的,邪恶的

contain v. 包含,

honesty n. 诚实

manager n. (, 办事的) boss n. 老板(有钱)

head n.  头儿,领导(表示重要,系亲密的人物

upset adj. 不 安 ( 事 发 后 ) nervous adj. 张,不安(事发前)

 

complain v.

vi. 怨,发牢骚,诉苦(常与 ofabout

complain of/about …(to sb.) /……

Don’t complain about/of the weather. I compianed of my salary to my boss.

vi. 控告,抗议(ofabout

The people in that district complained to the police about the noise from that factory.

那家工厂噪音太大,地的人们已向警方投诉。

Mary complained to the Jacksons about the rubbish they had thrown everywhere.

杰克逊一家乱扔垃圾,玛丽已向他们提出抗议。

wicked adj. 很坏的, 邪恶的

adj. 邪恶的,坏的(道德的坏,“evil替代

She saw a wiched smile on his face.

adj. 淘气的,顽皮的(尤指小孩

Don’t be so wicked, Tom.

adj.(天气)恶劣的

Few people walked about in this wicked weather.

 

contain  v. 包含, (强调用容器装) container n. 集装箱,容量

contain v. 用容器装

The cup contains water. = The cup is full of water. The bag contains books.

 


include    v. 包含

honesty n. honest adj. 诚实的 honestly adv. 诚实地

I honestly don’t know. 我真的不道。

Text

I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. 'I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. 'I found this outside this gentleman's room,' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world!'

参考译文

我走进饭店经的办公室, 坐了. 我刚刚丢了 50 英镑, 感到非常烦. “我把钱放在房间里, “我说, “现在没有了. “理深表同, 但却无为力. “现在大家在丢钱, “他说. 他开始怨起这个邪恶的世道来, 却被一阵敲门声打断了. 一个姑娘走了进来, 把一个信封放在了他桌. 它里50 英镑. “这是我在这位先生的房门外捡到的, “她说. “是啊, “我对那位经, “这世界还是有诚实言的!”

 

【课文讲解】

1I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. the hotel manger’s office 名词可以修饰名词 telephone number 电话号码

the village fair 乡村集市 (the fair of the village = the fair in the village)

 

2I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset.

lose vt. 遗失,丢失(宾语一为钱物

Don’t lose your key.

feel +形容词一指心“觉得……,感觉到……feel upset 心烦意乱,很苦

3The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing.

could do nothing= could do nothing about it 对此事无为力

I could do nothing to help you. 我没有办帮你我无为力

Can you help me?

Sorry,I could do nothing for you. / Certainly. Of couse. It’s my pleasure.

 

4'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said.

days 可以指“时期,时代”,如 in his boyhood days(在他的童年时代these days 指“现今”用进行时态取代一现在时, 在英文是一种修辞方, 表示不满, 一种感

 


5He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. start to do sth. = start doing sth.              开始做某事,两者无区别

a knock at the door ( 敲 门 声 ) knock at the door (敲门, 指动作)

 

6A girl came in and put an envelope on the desk.

=A girl came in with an envelope and put it on the desk.

 

Multiple choice questions

4 He could do nothing. He couldn't do _ c    .

a. something b. nothing c. anything d. everything I can do nothing for you.

nothing=not anything not any=no

 

6 Where did she find the money?    a_ the room.

a. Outside  b. Out of c. Out d. Without outside adv&prep. 在外

He is outside./He is outside the school.

out of ……到外要和有实在意义的动词

get/go/come out of

out adv. ……, 副词不会名词

10 He lost his money. His money was    b_ .

a. losing  b. missing c. going away d. disappearing lose v. 丢失

sb. lose sth. 人丢失东西(宾语一为钱物

miss v. 怀念, 错过, 丢失

missing adj. 丢失的

My keys are lost/missing.

I lose my book /My book was lost /is missing /be missed.

My child is missing. (人丢了只missing,不be lostmissing boy 失踪的孩子

go away (人走)

sb. go away

be gone 不见了

Gone with wind 《飘》(随风),

My book is gone. 我的书不见了

disappear vi. 不见了(瞬间动词), 没有被动语态, 很少用进行时态

His money disppeared.

表示东西不见了的几种表示: lose sth./sth. be lost sth. is missing sth. is gone. sth./sb. disappear/disappeared

 


Lesson 25 Do the English speak English?

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

railway n. 铁路

porter n. 搬运工 several quantifier 几个 foreigner n. 外国人

wonder v. 感到奇怪

railway n. 铁路

railroad 铁路(美

railway/railroad station 火车站

several quantifier 几个

severala number of… 一些,只修饰several times 次(不 some times some 一些, 可以修饰, 可以修饰不

a great number of… 大量的

some time 一段时间

some time age 一段时间

sometime adv.

I will defeat you sometime. (总有一天我将打败你) sometimes adv. 有时, 偶尔

wonder v. 感到奇怪

n. 奇迹,奇观,奇才惊奇,惊讶

Jane is a wonder. She never fails in her examinations.

the seven wonders of the world in ancient times 世界古代七大奇观

vi.&vt. 感到惊讶,感到诧异,对……感奇怪

They wondered that there was a modern building in district. wonder at sth.

I wonder at the beauty of the old town.

vt.&vi.(对……)感到/怀,想要wonder +if + 是否……

I wonder if you have any spare time. wonder +问词 +

I wonder what time it is.

I wonder why you are late.

I wondered where you were going.

Could you tell me how to get to?/I wondered how to get there. 问路

no wonder 难怪

wonderful adj. 极好的

 


Text

I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. 'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?

参考译文

我终于到了伦敦. 火车站很大, 又黑又暗. 我不道去饭店的路该么走, 于是向一个搬运工打听. 我的英语讲得不但非常认真, 且咬字非常清楚. 然而搬运工却不明我的话. 我把问话重复了很. 他终于听懂了. 他回答了, 但他讲得既不慢不清楚. “我是个外国人, “我说. 于是他说得慢了, 我还是听不懂.我的老师从来不那样讲英语!我和搬运工视一笑. , 他说了什么, 这回我听懂了. “您会很快学会英语的!” 他说. 我感到奇怪. 在英国, 人们各自说一种不同的语言. 英国人之间互听得懂, 我却不懂他们的话!他们说的是英语吗?

 

【课文讲解】

1Do the English speak English?

English 这里均为名词,第一个指“英国人”,前the,表示一个群,后的动词必须用复数

第二个指“英语”,指语言时前冠词。

The English often talk about the weather.

English 可以作形容词,表示“英格兰的,英国的,英国人的” English 似的单词有FrenchChineseJapanese

2I arrived in London at last. arrive vi. 到达

arrive at 小地点;arrive in 大地

When will you arrive?

reach vt. 到达……(后宾语

When will you reach(arrive in) BeiJing? get to+宾语 到达……

When will you get to BeiJing? How can I get there?

home/there 是副词, 副词跟动词用的时候不需要介词, arrive 一样但一不用“ reach

home/there”,如一要这样写则把“home”看作名词,“there代词看不作副词看

get home 到家get there 到那

3The railway station was big, black and dark.

并列的表达方中前面都是用逗号隔开, 最后两个用and

balck 颜色(建筑物)

The room is black.

 


dark 没有光线

It is dark.

 

4I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. the way to … 通往……

Can you tell me the way to…

I don't know the way to…. Can you tell me how to get there? I don't know the way to the school and where is it?

I know the way.

know sth. well ……很熟悉

I know the boy well.

 

5I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

not only...but...as well= not only…but also… 不但……而……

I can speak not only Chinese but English as well.

Mary not only found her aunt, but stayed with her for two weeks as well. Not only you but also I will go there.主语并列(不这么用)

not only 喜欢放在动词的前,一遇到实义动词和非实义动词的时候, 习惯放在两者之间

I can not only speak Chinese but English as well.(习惯的说)

I not only like my mother but my father as well. as well 本身的含义是“、又、还”

If you go home tomorrow, I’ll go as well.

He lent me his pen, and his dictionary as well.

 

6He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. neither…nor… ……既不,……

Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York.

 

7My teacher never spoke English like that! like 这里是介词,表示“像,像……一样”

There’s no one like you. 没有人像你一样。

He speaks like a foreigner.

 

To learn English well is to study hard.

但在口语中 : To learn English well is study hard. (to)

 

Letter Writing

写信人的地址位于信纸的右角,被称为“信”,地址后总是接写日期

St.Steet 的缩略

逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者

I am in class 1,Grade 1.

在日期里月和日之间不需要逗号,且月和日的顺序互换,但在年代之前要有逗号,日期是序数词出现的,月份一要是英语字母

 


February the fourth, 1998 =the fourth of February, 1998

 

Haidian District,(海淀) BeiJing,

China.(最后一个地要打上句)

 

 


Key structures


并列句中的语序

 


通过并列可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列。在并列中,各分要根据上下文的要求

按逻辑次序排列,但各分句都重要并独立存在。

并列可以用来表示另and、对比(butyet)、选择(or)、续(andthen以及结局或结果

so

however 用在号的后, 单独成, 于前边的子只有意思, 没有语法上, 法上

接表转折只but

一些并列词:andand thenbutsoyetornot only…but…as well 不但……而……

neither…nor… 既不……也……either…or…  或者……或者……both…and… 两者

yet adv. 然而

放在末或, 与否定句, 句相连, 并且与现在完成时用得比较

Have you finished yet?

yet=but 词,放在两个子间, 起转折作用

or adv. 或者, 否则

Hurry up ,you will be late. /Hurry up,or you will be late.

主语由 and both…and , 通常采用复数谓语动词. Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

主语由 neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also or 接时,谓语动词与 nor,or,but also 的词一致,在英语语中,这被称之为“近原则”,动词最近的名词是单数, 整个主语视为单数;离动词最近的名词是复数, 整个主语视为复数

Neither he nor I am going to the airport.

Not only Mary but also her parents have jgone abroad.

 

Multiple choice questions

5 He didn't speak slowly and he didn't speak clearly _b    .

a. neither b. either c. too d. nor

not neither 不会用,too 用于肯定句either 用于跟否定句结尾话中一不允许出现两个否定句

8     I repeated my question several times. I repeated it      b  times.

a. much b. a number of c. only a few d. three several = some = a number of

much 加可数名词,没有 only a few 这个语,quite a few 相当多

9     At last he understood. He understood _ a     .

a. in the end b. at least c. lastly d. at the finish

 


at last= in the end 最后、最终

lastly adj. 最新的、最近的一段时间

at least 至少

【语法精粹】

1. They _ B  the trip until the rainstopped.

A. continued B. didn't continue C. hadn't continued D. would continue

until  是前和后用一过去时和过去完成时对,但是我们在一般情两个用一过去时

2. The local peasants gave the solders clothes and food without which they A_ of hunger and cold. (without 在这里表示条件)

A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died

虚拟语气

3. It was not until then that I came to know that the earth   D  around the sun.

A. moved B. has moved C.  will move D. moves

It was not until that 是强调结构,首先将“It was…that”去掉,再将“not”移到“that”后子中,分析子时后半改为 :

I didn't come to know that the earth around the sun until then.

until then 是在那个时候之前

His father did not leave until he returned home.

变成强调: It was not until he returned home that his father left. I don't get up until lunch time.

变成强调: It is not until lunch time that I get up.

 

4.  When all those present(到场者) D  he begin his lecture.

A. sit  B. set C. seated D. were seated seat vt. 动词的时候两种seat sb.sb. be seated

sit vi.

sb. sit down

 

5. If I had had time, I would have written to you. But in fact I_ not.

A. have B.would have C. had D. had had

虚拟语气

 


Lesson 26 The best art critics

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

art n. 艺术

critic n. 评论家

paint v.

pretend v. 假装

pattern n. 图案

curtain n. 窗帘,幕布

material n. 材料

appreciate v. 鉴赏

notice v. 注意到

whether conj. 是否

hang v. 悬挂,吊

critically adv. 批评地

upside down 上下颠倒地(两个同样的音在一起时的音声去不读

art n. 艺术

art student 艺术系的学生

I am an art student.  (注意读) English student 学英语的学生 student of England 英国学生

art gallery 艺术画廊 (gallery n. , 游廊画廊) black art 巫术

artist n. 艺术家

artiste n. 艺人

critic n. 评论家

criticise v. 批评, 批判(主要指批判, 但不完全是责备的意思)

He criticised my painting. criticism n. 批评, 批判

critical adj. 挑剔的

You are critical.

critically adv. 爱挑剔的

paint v.

draw a picture 用线条画

paint a picture 强调油画

painting n.

oil painting 油画 Chinese painting 中国国画

Beijing opera 国戏,

 


pretend v. 假装

pretend to do sth. 假装……

When his mother came in,the baby pretended to go to sleep. pretend that + 假装……

pattern n. 图案

n. 图案

pattern drills

n. , 典范

material n. 材料

listening material 听力材料

appreciate v. 鉴赏 understand and enjoy appreciate sth.  感激……

I appreciate your help.  我很感激你的帮助 appreciate doing sth. 我很喜欢做某 enjoy v. 欣赏,得到享受,乐趣

I like… I love…

I enjoy…

I appreciate… 程度一个比一个

I like sth.

I like sth. very much. I like sth. better.

I like sth. best.

 

notice v. 注意到

vt. 注意到,察觉到(不用进行时

You never notice what’s going on around you.

notice 细节的注意, 往往是人没注意的东西, 你注意到了, 细节的东西

I notice the beauty spot.(美人痣) pay attention to 思想的注

n. 注意,察觉

The girl in red caught his notice.

n.(书的)通,布告,海报

I know there’s a meeting, because someone put up a notice outside the Town Hall.

 

whether conj. 是否

if 在表示“是否”的时候可以whether 取代if 在表示“如果”的时候不可以whether 取代

whether…or not =if

If it will rain… (不是条件状语从, 可以用将来时 will)

 


=Whether it will rain…/Whether it will rain or not…(可以加 “not” ) I wondered if it will rain.(“not” )

 

hang v. 悬挂,

vt.&vi(将……悬挂,吊

A pretty curtain hangs over the window. hang hung hung v. 悬挂

The coat was hung.

hang hanged hanged v. 绞死, 吊死

The thief was hanged.

vt.&vi

John was very tired. He sat in a chair and hung (down) his head.

vt.&vi 安装……使转动/摆动

Have you hung the door? 你把门装了吗?

upside down 上下颠倒地

上下颠倒

When he stands on his head, everything appears upside down to him.

乱七八糟,混乱不堪

My little boy always makes the room upside down. These men have made the whole country upside down.

 

Text

I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. Of course, many pictures are not 'about' anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday.

'What are you doing?' she asked.

'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you like it?'

She looked at it critically for a moment. 'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?' I looked at it again. She was right! It was!

参考译文

我是个学艺术的学生, 画了很. 有很人装成很懂现代艺术的样子, 总是告诉你一幅画的 意思是什么. 当然, 有很画是什么 意思没有的. 它们是些好看的图案, 我们喜爱它们像我们喜欢漂亮的窗帘布一样. 我觉得小孩子们往往比任何人都更能欣赏现代绘画, 他们观察到的东西更多. 我的妹妹只7 , 但她总说出我的画是好还是坏. 昨天她到我房里来了.

 

【课文讲解】

1They are just pretty patterns.

just 在此指“只是,仅仅(是)”

 


It was just a wrong number.

just  另一个意思是“刚才,好,是”

It’s just six o’clock.

I’ve just heard the news.

 

2We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. pretty curtain material 漂亮的窗帘布

in the same way that =as… ……一样

The son walked in the same way that/as his father walked. I love you in the same way that I love my father.

I love you just in the same way that I love money. in a way 以某种方

3I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else.

else 跟在 anyone,anything 代词的后,表示“另外/、其它/他的、不同的”,else 也可问代词用,如 who elsewhat else

I can find nothing else here excep an old dictionary. They can appreciate modern arts best.

better than anyone else 比其他任何人(表示最高级的含义)用比较级表示最高级:

The teacher is the tallest.

The teacher is taller than anyone else. (else”不, 把主语从“anyone”中排除) The book is more expensive than anything else.

 

4My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not.

接词whether…or not 可以表示选择:

I don’t know whether you are interested (in it) or not. You must help him, whether you like him or not.

不管你是否喜欢他,你(必须帮助他。

5'I'm hanging this picture on the wall,' I answered.

the windows in the wall /picture on the wall 注意介词的不同

6'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?'

Isn’t it upside down? It’s upside down. 定疑,没有否的意思,起肯作用,起强调作用,表达一种

Aren't you lucky? 你真幸运

Isn't it a boy?

 

 


Key structures


一般现在时

 


现在时可以用于表述现在的征或状态,经常用于表述经常的或习惯的动作,或带有普遍

况,频副词无,一现在时还用于表示普遍

 


和人的相连, 跟人的状态相连, 跟人的思维活动相连的动词不用进行时态,用于一现在时,这些动词是:appearappreciatebebelievefeelfindforgethearknowlikelook likenoticerememberresembleseethinkunderstand 等等

Special DifficultiesSpeech marks 引号

在书语会话中,用引号(单引号或双引号)把实际的对话括起来。引号在英文中第一次出现是单

引号, 第二次出现是双引号, 英文中的书名号用引号来替代注意事项 :

①  引号位于一行之, 它们应在尾其他标符号—如逗号、号、问号—之外.

引语的第一个词大写字母开.

said, asked 词后用逗号, 只有它们位于尾时, 才在它们的后.

said, asked 于引语之间时, 子的后半部分小写字母开始.

一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.

 

Multiple choice questions

4     What is it about? Tell me     b  .

a. what is it about b. what it is about

c. what about it is d. what about is it

的直接引语变间接引语要注意:

问词引导

②  时态:主的谓语动词是过去时时, 其从的谓语动词应为对应的时态

变成间接引语时, 要变成陈述语序

人称的变化

Is it nine o'clock? /He asked me.

He asked me if/whether it was nine o'clock.

What about about 是介词, 后接名词或动词的ing , 不接

What about it?

 

5     She tells me       my pictures are good or not.

a. weather b. that c. if d. unless

没有一个答案是对的

直接引语变间接引语的接词有3种:陈述中的 that般疑中的 if/whether;特中的

问词

or not 是否, that 表示肯

if 可以or not

unless conj. 除外, 如果不(用于间接引语)

You will fail unless you work harder. 你如果不更加努力工作,你将失败.

 

6     Do you like my picture? It's _ d     .

a. a new b. one new c. new one d. a new one A 缺名词B 缺名词或位错误C 缺冠词

one 可以作代词, 可以作数词

 


10  Young children often appreciate modern pictures. They _ d     them.

a. estimate  b. esteem c. value d. understand and enjoy estimante v. 评估,评价;esteem               v. 尊敬value              v. 认为……

9 This curtain material is very good    b  .

a. clothes  b. cloth c. substance d. matter clothes n. 衣服(读音省略[] 的音)

cloth n.

11     They notice more. They        more.

a. remark b. observe c. say d. take care

在此, notice=observe

 

12     It's upside down. It isn't _ d     .

a. up b. down c. the right way down d. the right way up not the right way down = the right wayup

upside down the right way up 意思

 


Lesson 27 A wet night

New words and expressions】生词和短语15

tent n. 帐篷

field n. 田地,田野

smell v. 闻起来

wonderful adj. 极好的

campfire n. 营火,篝火

creep v. 爬行

sleeping bag 睡袋

comfortable adj. 舒适的,安逸的

soundly adv. 香甜地

leap v. 跳跃,跳起

heavily adv. 大量地

stream n. 小溪

form v. 形成

wind v. 蜿蜒

right adv.

field n. 田地, 田野

in the field 在田野里

in one's field ……领域

He is an expert in his field. football field  足球场地 airfield 飞机场(介词用 on)

 

smell (smelledsmelt) v. 闻起来

vt. 嗅,闻

I’m smelling the fish to see if it’s all right. 在闻这条鱼,看看它是否还新鲜。

I can smell something burning.

vi. 闻起来有……气味,散发……气味 You smell of soap. 你身有肥皂味。 smell   系动词, 接表语, 接形容词

The food smelt good. (说成 “smell well” , “well” 是副词, 好才用 “well” ) taste v. 尝起来

The food smelt good,and it tasted better. sound v. 听起来

feel v. 感到

感到

I feel ill.

用手的感受

The blackbroad felt cold.

 


感官动词:looktastesoundsmellfeel You look fine.

You look better.

You look beautiful.

n. 气味

I can’t stand the smell in this room.

 

wonderful adj. 极好的

Great ! (与物相连,口语中用得更多) Excellent ! adj.卓越的, 极好的(与人相连)

She is an excellent teacher. Outstanding ! () 好得站了出来

Brilliant! adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的

Fantastic!

 

campfire n. 营火, 篝火

fire (一堆堆的火为, 炉子里的火为不)

creep (creptcrept) v. 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚的) 是平行的爬

creep out  蹑手蹑脚(人不注意, 偷偷摸摸的) climb v.

climb the treeclimb up or down (上下) crawl v. 平行地爬

The baby is crawling on the floor.

 

sleeping bag 睡袋

动词ing 变成形容词作语有两个意思 :

…… 如:sleeping dog passing plane  在路过的飞

用来做…… 如:leeping bag

listening material 听力材料 walking stick 

soundly adv. 香甜地

sleep soundly 睡得很甜

表示睡觉的语:go to bed /go to sleep 睡觉/fall asleep 坠入梦乡(fall 为半联系动词)/sleep well

睡得很好/sleep deeply 睡得很沉/fall fast asleep 睡得好香(fast asleep 熟睡

leap v. 跳跃, 跳起

jump v.

jump up and down 原地跳跃

leap v. 跳跃, 有距(如从沟的这边跳到另一边, 变化)

Look before you leap. 三思后行

leap year/month 闰年/

 


skip v. 课文行的跳过去,单词,文章

Let us skip it?

 

heavily adv. 大量地

rain/snow heavily 与雨雪

smoke heavily 烟瘾重

He smokes heavily.

 

form v. 形成

vi. 形成,产生

During the conversation, an idea formed in his mind.

Ice forms when it is cold enough. 如果冷到一程度,冰会形成。

n. 形状,外形

The ice cream is made in the form of a ball.

n. 表格

If you want to enter for the competition, you must fill in these forms.

如果你想报名参,你必须填写这些表格

wind (woundwound) v. 蜿蜒

 v. 蜿蜒

wind one's way 蜿蜒

The road winds its way.

 n. v. 刮风

right adv.

right  副词时强调后边的形容词、副词、介词语,不强调动词,just 来替换

Right here. 在这

“Right here waiting for you《在此候》

I found my lost watch right in the graden. 在花园里找到了我丢失的手表

just like  just as

后边代词时只 just,如:just you 是你了,不用“right”代替

Text

Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelled good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!

参考译文

 


傍晚时分, 孩子们在田野中央搭起了帐篷. 这件事刚刚, 他们在篝火烧起了饭. 他们全饿了,饭菜散发出阵阵香味. 他们美美地吃了一顿饭后, 围在营火旁讲起了故事, 唱起了歌. 但过了一阵子. 起雨来, 于是他们扑灭了篝火, 钻进了帐篷. 睡袋既暖和又舒服, 所以, 他们睡得很香. 午夜前后, 有两个孩子醒了, 大声叫了起来. 原来帐篷里到处都是水!他们全跳出睡袋, 跑到外. 得很大, 他们发现地经形成了一条小溪. 那小溪弯弯曲曲穿过田野, 好从他们的帐篷底流过去.

 

【课文讲解】

汉语与英文只有意义的对没有字的对

My idea is the same as yours. 我的想与你一样的

I agree with you.(口语) I think so.(口语)

 

1A wet night

英文中表示 湿 的词:wetdampmoist (湿的程度减少) wet adj. 湿淋淋的(反义词是 dry

You are wet.

damp adj. 人感觉不太舒服

moist adj. 潮湿的n. 潮湿,湿(给人感觉舒服,如湿润

moist cake 松软的蛋糕 moist eyes 水灵灵的眼睛 dreamy eyes  梦幻的眼

humid adj. 指气候比较潮湿

2Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. late in the afternoon 傍 晚

early in the morning 

put up =set up 搭建(强调搭,如搭个草棚

build 建(强调精心设计并且建造

build a car 制造汽车 (不用 “make a car” )

make a desk

 

in the middle of ……当中,在……中间对两边,既可以用于表示地,又可以用于表示时间或在个过程当)

in the middle of the river 河中心

He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night. Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived.

in the center of ……中心,在……中部/中央(对四,一用于表示地,腹地

在陆地的腹地用 “center”

Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia.

 

3As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.

open fire 在野外生的火, 篝火,盆火(指无遮盖的、没有围起来的火

 


cook a meal 一顿饭

4After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.

表示“在……之后”的句式after+/doing/n. after I arrived =>After my arrival 在我到达之后

when the plane arrived => after the arrival of the plane After his arrival, we have a party.

After the arrival of the flowers,I took them and went to my girlfriend's.

 

……旁边:

at the door 门边, () sit at the table 桌边

by ……旁边,靠近 (不会, 不会很远,通常指距非常近)

Come and sit by me.

There are many trees by the river. next to

He sits next tome./who is the next? (表示

the next door to my housenext door 在隔壁

beside = next to ……相

next to /beside thevillage near 在附近

near the village

 

5But some time later it began to rain. some time later   一段时间之后 some time earlier  一段时间之前 some time ago              一段时间

a few hours earlier 几小时前

later 表示“后来、后、过后”

He told me he would come again later (on). I met her again a few days later.

 

6The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. put out 人为的熄灭火

I put out the fire.

be out 火自动熄灭

The fire is out.

 

7In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. in the middle of the night=midnight

at midnight 在午夜

the mid-autumn day 中秋节

wake up 醒来(主语自

 


wake sb. up 唤醒

开始干事:begin doing/start doing/begin to do/start to do

 

8It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field.

如果强调东西自动形成, 可以用主动态, 如果强调东西是人为的, 用被动态,在这里 river formed 河流是自动形成

When I'm getting close to the door,the door opened. (自动门) The door opened. 强调门自动开

The door was opened. 门被打开, 强调人为的

10The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent! wind 表示“曲折行”时,既可以物动词,又可以是不物动词

wound one's way 蜿蜒

The car wound through the village.

right 在此表示强调,意为“好、恰恰、”,这种用法多见于口语中:

I met him right here.

He hit the man right on the nose.

 

Composition

I am very tall(so)(but)I must be careful. Doorways are often low(and)(but)I usually(beat)(knock)my head against them. My head always(hurts)(pains). I have never(met)(recognized)a tall architect. Have you?

soandknockhurtsmet

doorways n. 门栏

knock/beatknock 大声地撞beet 持续的撞击/

against prep. 对作用的力 (在政治反对” )

hurt/pain:身一部位+hurts,表示一部疼痛pain  表示疼痛的名词

My hand hurts./I have a pain in my hand. I have a pain.

meet 遇见 / recognize 认出 (原来熟悉再次认出的概念)

 

Letter writing

各部分的顺序如:门牌号码、街名、城市名称、地、国家和日期。只有给居在国外的人写信时,才需要写国名。

地址的每一行都以逗号结尾,最后一行用号。在日期后不用标符号。

Special Difficulties

put 有关的短语动词:

put up with 容忍,忍受

I can’t believe that he can put up with this.

 

put up

搭建,搭建

 


They put up their tent in the middle of a field.

安排宿,为……提供膳宿,夜宿

It’s raining heavily. We must put them up tonight.

得很大,我们今晚必须为他们安排宿。

put out 扑灭

They put out the fire and crept into their tent. put on 穿

I’m putting on my coat.

put away ……收好,放好

Your room is untidy, put your things away. I have put away all my clothes.

put off 推迟,拖延

Don’t put your exercises off until tomorrow. The meeting has been put off.

put down = write down ,写,记录

Have you put down the boss’s words?

 

Multiple Choice

6 They sang songs by the campfire. They sang songs _b    the campfire.

a. close  b. near c. besides d. at beside ……旁边besides ……之外

close to 离……很近(必须要有 “to” ) close to me 我很近

my closest friends 我最亲密的朋友

9 The boys had put out the campfire. The fire wasn't   d_ .

a. switched on b. on fire c. on d. alight be on   , (指灯亮)

What's on in the cinema today? The lights were on last night.

switch    n. 关;v. 用开

The light was switched on.   强调通过开打开的

on fire    起火

The house is on fire. 房子起火了 alight a 的形容词为表语形容词 The fire was out. 火熄灭了

 


Lesson 28 No parking

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

rare adj. 罕见的

ancient adj. 古代的,古老的

myth n. 神话故事

trouble n. 麻烦

effect n. 结果,效果

Medusa n. 美杜莎(古希腊神话中 3 位蛇发女怪这一

Gorgon n.  (古希腊神话)3 位蛇发女怪之一(凡见其会变成石

rare adj. 罕见的

adj. 罕见的

rare 指世界上都少有

rare animal 稀有动物rare bird 珍稀鸟类rare illness 难杂

scarce[ ] adj. 缺乏的,不足的,稀有的,不充足的(少有的,表示个时间段或个地方少有)

Watermelon is scarcein winter.  watermelon n. 西瓜

adj. 几乎是生的

well done 全熟

medium adj. 半生半熟的

ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的

ancient Egypt 古埃

antique adj古代的,古玩,古董,古老值的

antique furniture 古董家具

myth n. 神话故事

fairy n. 神仙故事

trouble n. 麻烦

n. 麻烦

I'm sorry to put youin trouble. 我很歉给你带来麻烦(口语) ask for trouble 自找麻烦

He is asking for trouble.

have trouble in doing sth. 做……时遇到麻烦(书

I have trouble (in) parking the car.

=I have a lot of trouble parking the car.

v. 麻烦

Woman/Man/Child troubles. 女人/男人/孩子真麻烦。

Never trouble troubles untiltroubles trouble you. 永远不要自寻烦

Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦 (let sb. do sth.)

 


effect n. 结果, 效果 have an effect  有效果 have no effect  没有效果

have effect on ……有效果

The advice has no effect on me.

 

Text

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

参考译文

贾斯珀.怀是少有的信古代神话的人之一. 他刚在城里买新房子, 但自从搬进去后, 和汽车车主们发生了磨擦. 他夜里回到家时, 总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外. 为此, 他甚至一次把自的车开进车库. 贾斯珀曾把几块 禁止停车的牌子挂在大门外边, 但没有任何效果. 现在他把一个丑陋的石雕像放在了大门, 这是我见过的最丑陋的像之一. 我问他那是什么?他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎. 贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们变成石. 但到目前为止还没有一个变成石!

 

【课文讲解】

1Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.

one of +名词/ 其中之一(of  的名词必须是复数,但与这个结构用的动词必须是单数

One of your friends is waiting for you now.

如果在语从中出现了 one of 作为先行词, 它后边的系代词指代的是后的复数名词如果在 one of 还有一修饰词 (the) only,那么后边的系代词将指代 one 这个词, 才作单数看

He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是单数看待的

One of the answers is ture. One of thosepeople is good.

believe vt. 信,认为

Do you believe that cats eat grass?

believe in 信任,信赖(人格、力量信仰;相……的存在,……

I believe in God. 我信仰帝。

I’ve never believed in John.

 

2 He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.

 


ever since =since 从那后一直(ever since 的语气比 since 强,主用完成时

I’ve been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.

He left the village last year and has never returned ever since. have trouble doing 做……有麻烦

have trouble with sb. 相处有麻烦

I have trouble with my roommate.

 

3Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. because 词用,后接从

You can’t remember his name, because you aren’t really thinking.

because of 由于,介词语,后可以跟从,只跟名词、代词或动词 “-ing” He came back early because of the rain.

 

be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有力去做;can 表示天生的或学到的力时,只用于现在时和过去时could用于将来时。将来时中表示力时必须用 be able to。在现在时和过去时中,can/couldbe able to 般可以互换,在完成时中一be able to

Tom is only 9 months old and he is already able to stand up. I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I’ve had a few lessons.

get sth. into ……弄进

get his car into his garage

drive the car into 把车子撞上……

I drove the car into the wall /tree.

even once 甚至一次(even  起强调

4It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.

I have ever seen做定语从, 修饰前边的 faces

如果系词在从宾语, 系词可以省略, 所以 I 前的which 被省略

This is the most difficult thing I have ever done. This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.

有两个结构一用最高级:

of+范围

of all the students in+

He is the tallest in the room.

 

5Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. hope 的后面加 that

turn sth. to… 把前者变成后者

turn the prince to a frog He was turned to a frog.

They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.

 


6But none of them has been turned to stone yet! none ofneither of 主语时单数看待

Composition

My wife (drives) (leads) a car. She has (driven) (ridden) a car for many years (and) (but) she says that women drivers (do not deserve) (are not worth) their bad reputation. Yet, on the road, she often (criticizes) (judges) other women drivers.

 

drives/driven/and/do not deserve/criticizes reputation n.名誉, 名声

judge  n., 审判员, 裁判员, 鉴赏家, , (J-)最高的审判者 vt., , 判断, 判决, ,

认为 vi.判断, 作评

 

 


Key structures


Wht has happened? 现在完成时

 


与现在完成时用的副词和副词语:before(now)so farup to/till nowjustalreadynowever

neversince for since 与一个时间点连用,for 与时间段用。

Special Difficulties

关系从句及关系代词

系从称为语从或形容词从,它像形容词一样可以形容人、物事件。系从句可分为限定性关系从(不带逗号)和非限定性关系从(带逗号)。

表示人的系代词:whowhomthatwhose(口语中 whom 经常由 who 代替)表示事物和动物的系代词:whichthat

系代词可以有四个概念 :

代人的, 主语或宾语 who,只宾语的 whom

代物的, 主语或宾语 which

代人的也可以代物的 主语或宾语 that

whose 其代表的东西由其在子中的成分决(不一指人)

系代词后,先行词放在语从, 且是两同含有的词, 还是被语从修饰的词

I have a book that/which he likes.( “book为先行词 “that/which系代词)

系代词有两个功: 一是承上, 一是启(上句中的 “book作从的宾语)

The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.

I can do anything that I can do. 我力所能及的事来帮助你

The boat whose name is...

I have a house whose windowsare broken. 我有一个房子房子的窗户破了.

系代词在系从中作宾语时往往可以省略,作主语时则不可以

The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father. whose 一个名词, 后这个部分主语或宾语

The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother.

妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟

The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.

 


把飞机降落在田里的飞行员没有受伤

He is the right person I am looking for.

 

Exersise(在需要的地方填who, which, that whose) 1 The only games    I play are football and tennis.

 (如果要填只 that,  在从中作宾语省略

先行词如果用only, 序数词, 形容词最高级修饰, 其后边的系词只用that

4 This is the hotel at  we are staying. which

中的 “at原来在 “staying的后边

介词后物的话, which,人的话, whom, that,who She is the girl who/whom/that I stayed with. (“who/whom/that省略) She is the girl with whom I stayed.

That is the house in which I live.

6 That is the horse     won the race. which

which , that子中用词避免重复, 首已有了一个 “that” , 故选 “which不是 “that”

Who is the man that ishelping you? 是那个在帮助你的人?(不用“who”避免重复

7 He is the sort of person     everyone admires.

不填

person 是先行词, 在从宾语

Multiple choice questions

6. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I've never seen _ d    

a. an ugly one b.an ugliest one c. the ugliest one d.an uglier one

比较级来表达最高级的概念:

better than anything else 最好

The teacher is the tallest in the room.

The teacher is taller than anyone else in the room. I have never seen a taller one.

I have never bought a more expensive one.

This is the cleanest street I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最干净的街道了.

 

7   b  of them has been turned to stone.

a. No one b. Not one c. No d. Even one no 是形容词, 名词

no one =nobody (“nobody指的是人, 它将 “cars排除了是不对的),不代词后不用 of

可以用的有 : neither of/none of/both of/all of

none of =not one of

 

9  He is a rare person. You _ c    meet suchpeople.

a. often b. never c. seldom d. sometimes

 


rarely=seldom 几乎不

rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地

seldom adv.很少, 不常

10  Not all car owners are good _d    .

a. guides b. conductors c. leaders d. drivers not all 不是有的(部分否概念)

Not all students are good. Not all children are naughty.

 

12 The signs haven't had any effect. They haven't    a_ anyone.

a. affected  b. effected c. resulted in d. imposed effect n.

have effect 有效果

affect v.

 


Lesson 29 Taxi!

New words and expressions】生词和短语10

taxi n. 出租汽车

Pilatus Porter 皮勒斯 波(飞机名

land v. ()

plough v. 耕地

lonely adj.  偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方)

Welsh adj. 威尔士的

roof n. 楼顶 (从外)

block n. , 一座大楼

flat n. 公寓房

desert v. 废弃

taxi n. 出租汽车

taxi driver 出租车司机

take a taxitake a bustake a lift

 

land vi.

Whose plane landed in the field?

 

plough v. 耕地

plough n. v. , , 犁耕, 力穿过, 艰苦前进, 在考试中淘汰

farm n. 农田,家场

lonely  adj. 偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方) lonely adj. 孤独的, 孤僻的()

She felt lonely. 她感到孤独(主观

alone adj. 单独的, 独一无二的, 孤独的, 独自的adv. 独自地

She is alone. 她独自一个人(事实, 客观

roof n. 楼顶(从外看) raise the roof  v. 喧闹, 大声ceiling n. 天花板(从里

hit the ceiling 大怒, 暴跳如雷, 怒发冲冠(美口语

block n. , 一座大楼

flat n. 公寓房

a block of flats 公寓楼 (英国英语)

a block of apartments 公寓楼(美语,apartment n. 公寓) office block 办公楼 写字楼

 


desert v. 废弃

 v. 废弃

desert the house = let the room empty

 n. 沙漠, 不毛之地

Text

Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service.The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.

参考译文

.弗西买了一辆不同寻常的出租汽车, 并开始了一项新的业务. 这辆 出租汽车是一架小型瑞士飞机, 皮勒.. 这架奇妙的飞机可以7 名乘客. 然而, 人惊奇的是它够在任何地方降落 : 雪地, 面上, 甚至刚耕过的田里. 弗西的第一名乘客是位医生, 他从伯明翰飞往威尔士 ft一个偏僻的村庄. 从那时开始, 弗西已经载送乘客到过许不寻常的地方. 一次, 他把飞机降落在了一栋公寓楼的屋顶; 还有一次, 降落在了一个废弃的停车场. 弗西刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪要求. 这个人想要飞往大西洋的一个孤岛 -- 罗卡尔岛, 弗西所以不送他去, 是因为那段飞行太危险了.

 

【课文讲解】

1The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'.

called aPilatus Porter’是过去分词,aeroplane 语。一过去分词语作语时要放在修饰的名词/代词之后,一个单独的分词作语时则往往放在修饰的名词/代词前

He landed in a deserted car park. a race across the Atlantic

call sb. sth. ……

be called 被称为……

The instrument was called a clavichord.

过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的

I have an instrument called a clavichord.

a ploughed field 被耕过的田a deserted car park 被废弃的车场

written English  spoken English 口 语

colloquial language 口语

2 The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field.

that 在此是表语从。宾语从中的 that 省略;定语从中的系词在从宾语时

 


省略。

The most surprising thingis that… surprising  可以由其它词替换

The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match.

The happiest thing is that I can visit/see/(stay with) mother during the Spring Festival. (the Spring Festival              春节)

To one’s surprise,

 

3Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. since then 从那时起(强调起

so far =up to now 强调终

fly

vi. 飞,飞行

The aeroplane is flying over the river.

vt. 空运(乘客

fly sb./sth. To… 开飞机送/物去……

He has flown his car to France.

drive sb. to… 开车送人去……

My friend drove me to Tianjin.

 

4Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. once…and on another occasion              一次……还有一次……

Once I met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library.

 

5Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. request from sb. 来自人的请求

request for sth. 要求得到

6The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.

take sb. to … ……

too  在副词或形容词前表示否含义,强调程度大到了人们不

too expensive 太贵了(买不起

very 强调程度深

You are very kind.

very expensive 很贵,但买得起

dangerous adj. 危险的

Composition

The plane (not only) (neither) (flew) (threw) close to the river, (but) (or) also flew under a bridge. (Then) (However) it (climbed) (ran) into the air. The people on the bridge (waved) (shook) to the pilot (and) (yet) he did not (notice) (look after) them.

 


not onlyflewbutThenclimbed(ran , 但没有climb 表达确切)wavedyetnotice

 

 


Key structures


一般过去时和现在完成时

 


过去时往往强调动作本身,现在完成时则表示始于过去并持续到现在的动作或表示过去不确

时间发生过的并与现在有种联系的动作。

I hope you washed them before you ate them. Up till now, I have never been abroad before.

 

Special DifficultiesRefuse and Deny

refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某

I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment).

deny doing sth. / deny that + 否认(指控、

The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter.

refuse 作为/物动词表示“拒绝接受”时,不deny 混用;当refuse 作为物动词表示“拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时,它与 deny 可以替换。

All those not holding tickets will be refused /denied entry. 无票者不得入

BringTake Fetch

bring v. 某处物“带来”,说话人越来越近

He brought the book with him when he came to see me. take v. 拿走,说话人越来越远

He took the book with him when he left.

fetch v. 地将物“取来”,是个双动作,去了再来(双向动作) Please fetch me a glass of water.

 

Very and Too

very adv. 很,非常(very 描述状况,不涉后果

I arrived very late but I caught the train.

too adv. 太,过于(too 表示“太……”,至于引起种后果

I arrived too late and I missed the train.

 

Multiple choice questions

3. Thetaxiis a small Swiss aeroplane _ c_ called aPilatus Porter.

a. who is b. whom is c. which is d. whose is

动词的-ing 有主动含义, ed 有被动含义,它们作语时同于语从

a passing plane = a plane which is passing

 

4  This is the most surprising thing about it. It is     b_ than anything.

a. most surprising b. more surprising

c. more surprised d. most surprised

应表达为:It is more surprising than anything else.else 省略, 子才严密

 


5  He flew a doctor to a Welsh village.    d  he has flown to many unusual places.

a. From then  b. By then c. By that time  d. Since that time from then ……(没有终)from…to…              …………

since then = from then on ……(到现在为止) by then ……by that time ……

9 The ploughed field is ready for    b  .

a. sewing b. sowing c. seeding d. growing be ready for/to… ……作准备

seed”种植,只与播种子联系, 作名词, 强调把种子种;而sow”种植,只说明把..., 并不一 种子

11 Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual     c  .

a. parts b. pieces c. spots d. sections spot=place (, )

part n. 部分

a piece of = a sheet of 一张  a piece of = a bit of 一块

 


Lesson 30 Football or polo?

New words and expressions】生词和短语8

polo n. 水球

Wayle n. 威尔(河名

cut v. 穿过

row v. 划(船

kick v.

towards prep. 朝,向

nearly adv. 几乎

sight n. 眼界,视域

cut v. 穿过

vt. &vi. 切,割,剪

Would you please cut the cake in half?

I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.

今天午我在报纸读到这个故事便给你剪来了。

cut one's hair = have a hair cut 

cut the tree 砍树

cut down the tree = cut thetree down 砍倒树 cut the head off 砍脑袋 (off = away from) cut off electricity               切断电源

cut sth. into pieces ……切成小片()

vt. 割破,划破

cut oneself 割伤自

vi. 横穿,穿越(介词across/throughcut across/through 穿过

The road cuts across/through the forest. cut a corner 走捷径,超近路

When you learn English, never cut a corner. No pains, no gains.

row v. ()

vt.& vi. 划船

My brother is rowing. 划船 row 强调动作

go boating 去划船(强调玩

vt. 划船载运

Can you row me up/across the river? 划船将我送到河的/对岸吗?

He rowed her home. 他划船把她送回家。

kick v.

kick me 踢我一脚

kickback n. 回扣, 佣金

 


I get a kickback of 2000 Yuan. kick upstairs 明升暗降

He was kicked upstairs.

well to go (美语) = well done (英语) 得不

sight n. 眼界, 视域

catch sight of… 看见

catch sight of the bird =see the bird 看见那只鸟

out of sight 在视线之外

Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见心不烦

in sight 在视线之

The bird is in sight.

long sighted 眼光, 远视眼

sb. is long sighted

short sighted 目光, 近视

Text

The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.

参考译文

威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河. 我喜欢在天气晴朗的午到河边坐坐. 星期日天气很暖和. 于是我和往常一样, 又去河边坐. 河岸有些孩子在玩耍, 面上有些人在划船. 突然, 一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球, 球便向一只划过来的小船飞去. 的一些人对小船的人高喊, 但他没有听见.球重重地打在他身, 使他差点儿落入水中. 我转过去看那些孩子, 但一个不见, 跑了!那个人明了发生的事, 笑了起来. 他大声叫那些孩子, 把球扔回到岸.

 

【课文讲解】

1I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. like to do sth. 喜欢……(一次的)

I like to drink tea.

like doing sth. 喜欢……(习惯

I like drinking water.

on afternoons 餐 每逢

2It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. as usual 和往常一样

 


3Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. call out 大声呼叫,叫喊

I heard someone calling out forhelp. call out to sb. ……大声喊

Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn’t hear her.

 

4 The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. so…that… 如此……以致于…… (that 引导的结果状语从)

The teacher speaks so fast that I can't catch the word.

My brother walks so slowly that he can't catch up with me. (赶不) The English is so easy that I can learn it well.

so 的后跟副词或形容词, 如后跟名词时要用 such +n. +that…

 

5I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! in sight 看得见,在视野之(反义词为 out of sight

There were not anything in sight. No bus is in sight.

In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.

 

Composition

The wind(threw)(blew)his hat into the river. He(put)(took)out his hand (and) (but)tried to (reach)(catch)it(so)(but) he could not(so) (but) he(jumped) (fell) into the river(and)(but) got it.

blew 吹 ,take out 拿出(put out 扑灭)andreach 够得catch butsojump

(fall 掉进去)and

 

Summary writing

4.The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting. 6.However,the man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank.

but 接两个, 中间用逗号隔开however 只是副词, 只表示意思得转折, 可以放在也可放在, 只是用一个逗号把它和其他的词隔开就可以

Key structuresThe,

Some and Any

some 不用于否定句any 通常用于否定句some 在表示邀请的语气中或在中如果望的回答是肯的,可以取代 any

Do you want some? / Would you want something?

Do you want any drink? 你想要喝什么吗?(意给人喝) Would you want some to drink?

在姓名、地名、国名(非复合词)前通常不任何冠词。但在指的海洋、河流、ft以及部分复合词形的国名前,一要用冠词 the在表示世界独一无二的东西时,通常要加定冠词 the.

It can get very rough in the Mediterranean. 地中海中可能会非常不平静.

Many great cities are built on rivers. Paris is on the Seine, London is on the Thames and

 


 

Rome is on the Tiber.

大城市建在河岸. 巴黎在塞纳河, 伦敦在泰晤士河, 罗马在第伯尔河.

I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world. He has climbed in the Alps, the Himalayas, and the Rocky Mountains.

我认识一个参过世界各地登ft探险的人. 他曾攀登过阿尔卑斯ft、喜马拉雅ft和洛矶ft.such a/an可以起强调作用

I’ve never seen such a strong wind before.

 

Exercises D (在必要的地方填冠词 a the)

1      refrigerators are necessary in            hot countries.

2     Which river is        longest,      Nile,      Amazon, or     Mississippi?

3     Heyerdahl crossed        Pacific on     raft.

4     Why is        Britainsometimes called       United Kingdom?

5     We sailed up        Red Sea and thenwent through       Suez Canal.

 

1. 不填

in hot countries: 指的是炎的那类国家, 故不用 the

2.  thethethethe

Nile 尼罗河 Amazon 亚马逊河 Missisippi 密西西比河

3. thea

the Atlantic 大西洋

raft n. 木筏子(如用 by,则不用任何修饰by raft,用“onin”一般都thea/an”,这里指的是这一类,没指,故“a”)

4.  \the

如果单个的词作为国家, 基本 the,比方说 China,America,Britain,一旦这个词成为缩略形,

面就the,如:the USA 5.thethe

横渡海峡用across和运河相连介词用 through,不用 “across”

 

Multiple choice questions

4. It cuts across the park. It goes    a  it.

a. through b. over c. round d. along round 围绕 along  沿

across ……的表穿过

across the grass

through ……部穿过

go through the market 穿过市场

over ……上方,与下面没接触,over  在用于穿越讲时,表示穿过弧形

over the bridge, over the mountains, over the hill

 

7. There weren't any in sight. They    c  .

a. couldn't see b. hadn't seen c. couldn't be seen d. weren't seen see 物动词, 宾语look 为不物动词

 


10 The man in the boat didn't    a  anyone shouting.

a. hear b. listen to c. mind d. take care of hear sb. doing sth.  听见做某

I heard my sister singing.

 


Lesson 31 Success story

New words and expressions】生词和短语8

retire v. 退休

company n. 公司

bicycle n. 自行车

save v. 积蓄

workshop n. 车间

helper n. 帮手,助手

employ v. 雇佣

grandson n. 孙子

retire v. 退休

retire =stop working =stop doing this

He is getting old, He is going to retire. 他越来越老, 他打算退休了

I'm going to retire next year. 我明年会退出坛或歌坛

I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now. (retire = go to bed)

 

company n. 公司

firm n. 商行

corporation n. 责任公司

limited corporation 责任公司(缩略形Ltd.Co

business n. 生意,公司

He works in my business. 他在我的公司工作

save vt. 积蓄

vt. 挽救,救助,拯救

save one's life

The doctor saved the child’s life. They saved the child from the fire.

save one's face 挽会

vt. 积蓄,储蓄He

used to save letters. save money 存 钱

He saved (money) for years to buy a car.

西方人不喜欢提钱, 所以save up 表示存钱

I have saved up for many years. 我已经存了好几年的钱

Save it for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪为将来需要而做好准备

workshop n. 车间

workshop n.  车间(工作并且可以拿出来卖

workhouse n. 感化院(强迫劳动的地方

 


helper n. 帮手, 助手

assistant n.

 

employ

v. 雇佣

 

employee

n. 雇 员 employer

n. 雇主

trainer

n. 教 练 trainee

n. 接受训练的人

Text

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!

参考译文

昨天午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历. 在退休前, 弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经, 但他小时候却在一家小铺里. 他那时的工作是修自行车, 并且通常是一天工作 14 个小时. 他靠年积蓄, 1958 年买了自的一个小铺子. 20 岁的时候, 弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件. 那时他有两个帮手. 几年之后, 小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有 728 人的大工厂. 弗兰克回想年的艰难经历和走过的漫的成功之路, 微笑了. 的时候门开了, 他的妻子走了进来. 她叫他去修孙子的自行车.

 

【课文讲解】

1Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a

small shop.

head 是“首领、目”的意思,“the head of+名词”的意思是“……的老板,John is the head of the family. 一家之主

Frank is the head of the firm. 弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。

used to do sth. 过去常常, 但是现在不

My teacher used tolive there. 我的老师过去在那(现在不) He lived there. 他过去在那(道现在是否在那)

work…as… 作为……工作

He used to work as a teacher.

as a boy = as he was a boy as 的意思是“当……的时候”)

as a young man 他年轻的时候

2It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. at that time =just then =atthat moment              那时

 


3He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. of one's own 的,属于自的(own 为代词)

Do you have a house of your own?

my own book (own 起强调作用, )

of one's own one's own 由被修饰词的位, 如果被修饰名词在前边, of one's own, 如果被修饰名词在后边, one's own

4In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. in one's -ies 人几十岁的时候

in one's twenties/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties,十的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确的数量,有格形容词用时表示大约的年龄。

in my fifties 在我五十岁的时候

In his fifties, he learned the second language. in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代

I worked /began the job in the 1990s.

 

5 In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.

has become ……

in a few years 在一些年之后

…factory which employed… 工厂雇佣……(除了人可以雇佣外,工厂、公司也可以这样表达)

 

6Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. one’s hard early years =early in one’s life              人的年艰辛(生活)

the long road to success 通往成功的

There is a long way to go. 还有很的路要走。

remember v. 记得, 回忆起

memory n.  memorize v.

 

 


Key structures


过去进行时与一般过去时

 


过去进行时表示过去个时刻或段时间在进行的动作,和一过去时经常在一个子里使用。与

过去时比,它强调动作的持续,一过去时则表示比较暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时,过 去进行时往往用来表示背景。

When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.

As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.

 

used to do

used to do 表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯,便将过去与现在形成对照。它后经常用由 but now…but not…any more/any longer 构成的、用了一现在时的强调过去和现在的不同之

I used to smoke, but I don’t any more/longer.

He used to be a postman a long time ago. He's a taxi driver now.

很久前他曾是个邮递员, 现在他是个出租车司机. I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.

 


我已经戒烟了过去我吸烟很厉害.

I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.

我还是个小男孩时我常搜集邮票.

used to 仅用于一过去。它的和否定句式可以不用助动词 do used 本身。

Used he to smoke?

He usedn’t /used not to smoke.

但比较常用的形did didn’t Did he use to smoke?

He didn’t use to smoke.

在针对used to 提问时,一般也didI used to be a good swimmer.

Did you really? I didn’t even know you could swim.

 

Special DifficultiesExperience

n. 经历(数名词)

He told me about his experiences as a young man.

n. 经验(数名词)

They want someone with a lot of experience for this job. Does she have any experience in teaching?

vt. 经验,

The village has experienced great changes since 1980.

 

experienced adj. 有经验的,经验丰富的

John is an experienced driver.

 

Save

vt.& vi. 救助,搭救,拯救

save one's life 挽救人的生

The doctor saved the child’s life. save one's face 挽回

vt.& vi. 储蓄,积攒

save money 存钱(余的钱

He saved (money) for years to buy acar. save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪

economize v.经济,节省(不用的不用,节衣缩食

Work and Job

work job 翻译为“工作”,job 数名词,一与“职业、职位”有,或表示人的“份事”work 作“工作”讲时是不数名词,常指具的“劳动、作业”或“(待的)工作或事务”也可能示“班”。

John is looking for a new job. I’m looking for work as a driver.

 


 

I am looking for a new job.

It was his job to repair bicycles.

 

Composition

Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle, (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both). He (said)(told)me later:I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and) (but) I prefer bicycles.

not only / repaired / but /as well / told /make/ but go for a ride/go for a walk 骑车出去/出去散步 ride a car/bicycle/horse

go for a ride on sth (对自行车只 “on” ) 出去骑

prefer vt.喜欢,

Multiple choice questions

1 When he was a young man, Frank d .

a.  owned a small shop b. made spare parts for aeroplanes

c. made spare parts for bicycles d. worked hard and saved his money (a)(b)选项是作为 “he was a young man” 中的一个部分

3       Frank used to work in a small shop. He      a_ .

a. doesn't anymore b. still does

c. is now  d. has never done anything else not anymore 不再

I will not make the mistake anymore.

 

4       He used to work fourteen hours a day. He did this      c  day.

a. one b. some c. each d. a every day / each day 每天

one day 有一天 some day 一天 a 作为计量单位的一部分

I will beat you some day. 总有一天我会打败你

8 Frank is the _ a_ of a business company.

 

a. director

b. headmaster

c. superior

d. leader

leader

headmaster

n. 起带作用的人

n.

 

 

director n.  公司或单位整个事务的人

Frank is a director of a business company. superior n. 

12 He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife     c  .

a. went in b. entered in c. entered d. entered into into

enter 既是物动词, 是不物动词

entergo in/come in

 


go in come in 都可以enter 代替, go in(说话人越来越远) come in(说话人越来越近) 方向不一样,文中强调的是 进去进来

 


Lesson 32 Shopping made easy

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

once adv. 曾经,

temptation n. 诱惑

article n. 物品,东西

wrap v. 包裹

simply adv. 仅仅

arrest v. 逮捕

once adj. 曾经,

once = long long ago 很久

once 一次

I visited my mother once a month. (一次)

once 接从,表示“一旦”

Once you leave my company, you must return the house.

 

temptation n 诱惑

temptation to do sth. ……的诱惑

temptation to steal 偷窃的诱惑

resist the temptation to do sth. 抵抗不了……的诱惑

(resist vt. 抵抗, 反抗, , 忍得)

I can't resist the temptation tolaugh.

 

article n. 物品, 东西

n. 文章

This is a good article.

n. 物品, 东西(强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西, 数名词, 单独的东西, 独立的个

thing n. 指任何的东西(article 可相互取代) cargo  n. 船货, (车、船、飞机运输的)货物 goods   n. 货物, 商店里的货物的总称

wrap v. 包裹

wrap sth. up ……打包

Please wrap them (up) for me. 请替我把他们包好

pack v. 打包(指为了携带运输的方便打包

I will take/get/have it. Please wrap them for me. / Please pack them for me.

 

simply adv. 仅仅

simply = only =just

 

arrest  v. 逮捕

 


vt. 逮捕,扣留

When she was arrested, she refused to say anything. The criminal was arrested.

criminal n. 罪犯, 犯罪者adj. 犯罪的, , 罪恶的

n. 逮捕,扣留

sb. be under arrest 人被逮捕

Tony is under arrest now. control/under control 控制/被控制

vt. 吸引(注意

arrest one's attention 吸引人的注意

The beauty of the woods arrested the tourists. 树林的美丽景色吸引了游客。

He was arrested by her words. 她的话吸引了他。

Text

People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. The girl 'gave' her mother a free dress once a week !

参考译文

人们不再像前那样诚实了. 偷窃的诱惑力比往任何时候都更——特别是在大的商店里. 一名侦探最近注意了一位穿讲究的妇女, 她总是在星期一午进入一家大商场. 有一个星期一, 这位妇女走进这家商场时, 的人比往常少, 因此, 侦探比较容易监视她. 这位妇女先是买了几样小商品. 过了一会几, 她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服, 把它递给了售货员. 那售货员最快的速为她包好了衣服. ,那妇女拿过包走出了商场, 根本没有. 她被逮捕后, 侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女. 那姑娘每星期 她母亲一件免的衣服!

 

【课文讲解】

1shopping made easy

made 为过去分词, 的意思(标不用, 所以bemake v. 制造使……怎么样

make the room clean

make shopping easy =Shopping be made easy.()

 

2People are not so honest as they once were.

as…as… ……一样(as+ adj./adv. +as +比较对象

This case is as light as that one.

It is as heavy as that one. 这个东西和那个东西一样重

 


as…as…的否not so…as…/not as…as…

It is not as heavy as that one. 这个东西不如那个东西重

I am taller than you/you are not as tall as I.

less +原级 +thannot as…as…=not so…as… 不如……那样……(比较状语从

I am not so lucky as those fisherman.

once 表示“前,曾经”时只与动词的过去式连用:

He once worked at a large company.

 

3The temptation to steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops. the temptation to steal 偷窃的诱惑力

The temptation tosmoke is strong for him.  to smoke 为不定式)要表现现在与过去的比较, 有两种方:

they are they were it is /it was 在用不同时态比

they are they were 在用不同时态比

You are more beautiful than you were. 你比过去漂亮You look better than you were.   (省略: You look better.) Is this your car? It was my car.   前是我的车子。

You were worse. 表示 You are better.你过去差劲, 表示现在比好了

I think 我想……

I thought 我原……

than ever before

People are not so honest as before. = People are not so honest as they once were.

 

4 A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings.

watch v. 观察, 监视; (口语中)

watch the enemy watch sth. 

Watch your head! (威胁)

well+动词的过去分词”组成复合形容词,做定

well-designed 设计得不错

well-educated 有教养的

5One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her.

as usual 象平常 than usual 比平

so it was easier for the detective to watch her. (中用“easier”有潜在的比较含义,it 是形主语,for sb.

中的sb.是逻辑主语

It be 动词+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 人来说什么事……

The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her more beautiful.

(漂亮, 不用 “more” 时会人产生误会,more 是表示对人的尊重) out of politeness 出于礼(politeness n. 有礼, 优雅)

 


6  After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible.

after a little time 过了一会

hand…to… 递给(比较有权威的人)

handed it to an assistant (前一个“o结尾, 后一个元音, 读时需再在它们之间一个[ ], 又如:my heart go on.)

pass sth. to sb. 一个一个的传递(常用) hand in 

wrap sth. up for sb. 人打包……

asas possible 可能……

I have sent you as many books as possible. He went home as soon as possible.

 

7When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. find out 发现……(后跟的宾语一是抽象的)

find out the truth 发现真

find sth. 找到……(sth. 是看得见, 模得, ) I find the pen. (pen 是具)

 

8The girl 'gave' her mother a free dress once a week ! free adj.

Children under five years old travel free. 5 以下儿童免旅行。

fee adj.

fee parking 的停车场

once a +表示时间的名词”可以表示频率:

He comes to the office once a day.

 

 


Key structures


比较状语从句

 


比较状语从含有或暗含有“与……相比”的意思。除了 than…或  more…than…这种结构外,它还包

as+形容词/副词+as…not so/as…as…less…than…结构。当句子里两个动词同、时态一样时,则第二个动词可以省略,比较从句就成了含蓄的从。如果对比的东西很明显,那么为了避免重复,从有些成分、甚至整个从句都省略,因此这类子往往不完整。

People aren’t so kind as they used to be.

No, they’re becoming less kind. 是的,他们变得不那么友善了。

He is as quick in answering as his sister (is). He answers as quickly as his sister (does). He is not so/as quick as his sister.

little few 的用法

little a little 与不数名词一起使用。little 表示否,有“几乎一点儿也没有”的含义,在口语中常not mucha little 表示肯,具有 some 的含义。

He has (very) little hope of winning this race.

 


 

=He hasn’t much hope of winning this race. Have we got any bread?

Yes, there’s a little/some in the fridge.

few a few 与复数数名词用。few 表示否,与 little 似,在口语中not manya few 表示肯,有 some 的含义。

They had few guests last weekend.

They didn’t have many guests last weekend. little 的比较级为 lessfew 的比较级为 fewer

During the holiday, there is less noise in the building. There are fewer travelers than there usually are.

 

Special DifficultiesA and One

冠词 a 通常用于表示不确的人或事物以及第一次提到的人或事物,a 强调的是后的名词one

强调的是 一个的意思:

It was one apple I ate, not two.

There is a book and a pen on the desk.

不表示强调时,a one 有时可以互换:

She will come home in a/one week’s time.

叙述故事时常将 one+表示时间的名词用于首,不用 aOne Monday, he went to the office as usual.

 

Multiple choice questions

4  There were fewer people in the shop than usual. There were      b  .

a.  as many as usual b. not as many as usual

c. as few as usual d. more than usual

 

7       It was one of the most expensive dresses      a  the shop.

a. in b. of c. from d. to most expensive 最高级

+in

+范围表示有的人或(), of

I have ever seen/done/heard. (语从) 看过的, 过的, 听过的

8       A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman. He       d  her.

a. looked b. looked for c. looked after d. looked at watch = look at

 

9     The woman first bought a few small articles. She bought some small _ a_ .

a. things b. pieces c. bits d. parts

 

10       The assistant wrapped it. She      d   it.

a. papered b. turned c. enveloped d. made a parcel of

 


made a parcel of 制作一个包裹

12 The dress was free. It    c  .

a. was priceless  b. was worthless c. cost nothing d. was grateful priceless adj., 极贵重的

worthless  adj. 不值钱的(Something cost money.free adj. 的 (I pay nothing.

grateful adj.感激的, 感谢的

 


Lesson 33 Out of the darkness

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

darkness n. 黑暗

explain v. 解释,叙述

coast n. 海岸

storm n. 暴风雨

towards prep. 向,朝接近

rock n. 岩石,礁石

shore n. 海岸

light n. 灯光

ahead adv. 在前

cliff n. 峭壁

struggle v. 挣扎

hospital n. 医院

darkness n. 黑暗

in the darkness 在黑暗中(在没有光线的)

 

explain v. 解释, 叙述

explanation n. 解释

Could you give me an explanation? 给我一个解释吗? interpret v. 解释, (强调翻译)语言之间的解释

interpreter n.  解释序,解释者,口译人员,翻译员,讲解员

interpretation n. 解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译

interpretress n. 女翻译员

coast n. 海岸(地意义的海岸, 海岸线, 感觉旁边是岩石, 很陡峭

seashore n. 海岸(跟游玩有, 为了游玩的

seaside n. 海边

seashore/ seaside 给人的感觉是旁边是沙滩, 可以进行日光浴的感觉

bank n.  河岸,坝,堤(两边比水

storm n. 暴风雨 (只解释为“风暴”) snowstorm n. 暴风雪

thunderstorm  n. []雷暴,雷雨 rain heavily 表示雨得很大

pour v. 灌注, 倾泻, 涌入, , 倾盆大雨

The rain is pouring. 倾盆大雨

It's raining cats and dogs. 滂沱大雨

towards prep. , , 接近

 


towards 强调 nearer and nearer(强调越来越近

 


rock n. 岩石, 礁石

rock huge stone huge adj 巨大的, 极大的,

ahead adv. 在前

a 的词(asleepawakealiveaheadalight往往是表语形容词。不管是作表语形容词,还是副词,放在名词的后,一形容词放在名词的前

ahead 的用

放在被修饰词的后, 语后

light ahead 前方的灯光

ahead of… ……

He went ahead of me. 他走在我前

go ahead 朝前走请随便(回答请求时用)

--Would you mind my using your telephone? / Can I use your telephone?

--Ok, go ahead.

--Can I smoke here?

--Go ahead. /Sorry +一个原因(可能是事实, 可能是个借口)

 

hospital  v. 医院

hospital 是否the,和它的功系,一旦+the, 只表示地go to hospital  看病 go to the hospital  去医院(看望病人) in hospital   in the hospital   在医院

Text

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

参考译文

几乎过了一个星期, 那姑娘才讲述自的遭遇. 一天, 她乘小船从海岸出发, 了风暴. 天将黑时, 小船撞在了一块礁石, 姑娘跳进了海里. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边. 在那段时间里, 她游了 8英里. 第二天凌晨, 她看到前方有灯光, 道自已经接近岸边了, 因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁. 到达岸边后, 姑娘朝她看到的灯光方向挣扎往峭壁爬去. 记得的是这些. 第二天她醒来时, 发现自在医院里.

 

【课文讲解】

1Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. nearly  adv. 将近

nearly a week 快一个星期了 “一段时间后”型:

 


sometime later…

Three days later, my mother returned. (强调做某事,简单) Three days passed and then my mother returned.

并列, 既强调做某, 又强调时间()

…passed before…

Three days passed before my mother returned.

强调时间(这么久的时间, 时间状语从, 是从)

be able to 强调有, 够成功(还强调成功)can 只表示

I can swim across the river. 游过这条河(但没有游过,不成功

I was able to swim across the river.

 

2One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. set out = set off = begin a journey 出 发

set out from… ……出发

be caught in+灾难 突然遇到/(风暴be caught in a earthquake (earthquake  n. 地 震 ) I was caught in a rain. 我遇了一场雨

As soon as he left, it began to rain.

He was caught in a rain when he left. 他刚一, 就下雨了遇人用 meet, 灾难用 be caught in…

 

3Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. towards evening 天越来越晚

strike 强调的往往是猛的撞击

4Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

to”强调朝那个方向去, 但没有强调越来越近towards朝那个方向去,强调距越来越近

5During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover 笼统地表示“行过(一段路)”,根据上下译为“走过、飞过、游过”

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

a distance of+体长 多长的距,表示具的距

the red army covered a distance of 25000… 两万五千里

6Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

a light ahead 前方的一盏灯(ahead  放在被修饰词的后

7On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

on +动名词”相当于一个由 as soon asthe moment when 引导的时间状语从as soon asthe moment 加句子,on 动词 ing, 认动词是由主主语

On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.

“…up the cliff towards the…”用两个介词起到动词的作用,up 在此为介词,表示“沿着……

 


8That was all she remembered.

all 作表语,是先行词, she remember 修饰 all 语从, 省略 that That was all I wanted to say. 是我想说的全部

That was all I can do for you.I can do nothing else for you.

 

9When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

find +宾语+ 发现……(宾补可以由形容词或介词语充

find the books tidy 发现书摆放得整齐

I found the books in order.

When I woke up, I found myself in bed.

 

 


Key structures


表示方向和目的地的介词和副词

 


表示“”的两对小品词是 on offup down

Jim’s standing on the roof. I hope he won’t fall off. Tom’s climbing up the tree. I hope he won’t fall down.

表示“来、去”的一对小品词是 from totowards(强调越来越近)的意义和 to(强调目标)

近,表示“朝,向,接近”等;for  在有些动词后面也表示“往,向”的意思

The ball was coming towards me.

The plane flies from Moscow to New York. He went for home.

leave for… 动身到地(强调开,出发

Yesterday my father left for Tianjin. set out for… 动身到

He left/ set out for New York yesterday. head for/to 前往 (强调“去”)

表示“进去,出来”这两种方向的介词为into(进、入)out of(从...出来表示“在个地方”或

“在……/at(含有一种瞄准的概念,方向),inout of 等;表示目的地或位往往用 at aim atfire at(瞄准开火)throw atthrew to the bank

Tell him go into my house.

Did you stop anywhere on your way to the office?

去办公室的路你在的地方逗留过吗?

表示“穿过,越过,绕过”动词时,往往throughacrossunderoverround 介词 How did you get through the fence? 么穿过篱笆的?

How did you get over the wall?

 

Special difficultiesPass and Past

pass past 区别主要是词义区别pass 是动词,其过去passed,过去分词是 passed past

物动词用时,表示“经过,通过(考试,超过”,作不物动词用时表示“(时间消逝”。

Your sister passed me in her new car, driving great speed.

 


 

I’ve passed/past my French test.

A month has passed/past since I left home.

past 可以作形容词、介词、名词,作形容词时表示“前的,过去的”等;作介词时表示“经过,超出范围作名词时表示“过去,昔时,往事”

Frank is proud of his past experience. I go past the garden.

Can you tell me something about your past?

 

Next and Other

next 表示时间顺序接的,一个”,如果现在为基准,则 next 前一the如果过去或将来的一时间为基准,则 next the 或其他修饰词。

next day 第二天

Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn’t come to the party.

第二天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不晚会了。

the other day =a few days ago (几天前)

Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.

前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。

the other day 出现一是过去时next day 可能是过去, 可能是将来

Multiple choice questions

4 She swam to the shore    a  the night in the water.

a. having spent b. having spending c. when spending d. had spent

只有谓语动词才有时态,子中如果没有, 但有两个动词, 要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词从语法上a, c

用“when +doingwhen 词的标志时主语要跟主同,谓语动词含有 be doing 结构 (个条件必须满足)

When standing there I found the book very interesting. (省略了 I was)

She swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

 

5 How   c  was the shore? Eight miles.

a. away far b. far from c. far away d. long far from +(必须)

对距提问:

How far away…? (away 省略)

What's the distance…?

 

6 That was all she remembered. She couldn't remember     b  .

a. some more b. anymore c. no more d. none more not any more = not any longer = not any further 不 再

nonone 不会和 more , some 不会出现在否定句

12 That was all she remembered. She couldn't _ c_ very much

a. remind b. memorise c. recollect d. mind

 


remind v. 提醒  memorise v.

recollect v. 回忆  mind v.

 


Lesson 34 Quick work

New words and expressions】生词和短语2

station n. (警察)

most adv. 相当,非常

station n. (警察) (是与军方, 警方有系的) post office  邮局

police office 警局

I went to the police. 我去警察局

communication bureau 交通局 bureau n.

most  adv. 相当, 非常

adj. 用于最高级,表示“最……

This is the most beautiful car I’ve even seen.

adj. 数的,大部分的

Most doctors don’t smoke.

adv. 非常,很(相当very,但通常用于表达主观感、见解

只有the”时译为“最”,a”或什么时译为“非常,相当(“very的概念),常与形容词作用的过去分词用。

a most interesting book 非常有趣的书

I was most surprised when I heard the news. 我非常惊讶

Text

Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !

参考译文

丹·鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期. 星期二他收到地警察局的一封信, 要他到警察局去一趟. 丹奇怪警察为什么找他, 但昨天还是去了, 结果他不再心了. 在警察局里, 一位带笑容的警察告诉他, 他的自行车找到了. 那位警察对他说, 那辆自行车是5 天前在400 英里外的一个小村里发现的, 现在用火车给他运回家来. 丹听到这个消息后, 惊奇万分, 但又感到非常好笑, 因为他从未指望那辆自行车还找到. 这是20年前丹还是一个 15 岁的孩子时被人偷走的!

 

【课文讲解】

1Quick work

 


quick  adj. 动作的快 fast  adv. 的快 soon adv. 时间

have a quick meal quick freeze 速冻

2Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. worried adj. 焦虑的,心的

worry vt. 使心,发愁

She appears to be worried by/about something. 好象有什么事使她发愁。

3Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. the local police 地警察局

local adj地方的,地的,本地的

local news 地新闻 local color 地色彩, 地方色

local people   local call 

native n. 土著人adj. 土生土

4In the letter he was asked to call at the station. call at (some place) 拜访

call on sb. 拜访

ask/tell/expect/want/allow/request/order sb. to do sth. 请求做某

sb. was told 人被告知;有人告诉

I was told that yesterday you did something wrong.

he was told that/to do (被动) = someone told him that… (主动)

 

5  Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more.

wonder  表示“想道”时后往往跟问词引导的从

She wondered who that man was/what had happened.

want 用于被动语态时可以表示“想与(人见、谈话或“缉拿,追捕” Please wait a minute. I’m wanted on the phone. ,有我的电话。 This is the man (who is) wanted by thepolice.

not......any more = no more 不再,

I don’t talk to you any more. 我不再会对你谈话了

I walked no more. 我不再走了

6  Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away.

pick up (偶地、意外地)找到、获得、学会

I’ve picked up a bad cold.

I picked up some French while traveling in Paris.

在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。

He picked up the book in asmall library. 他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。

 


five miles away 这一类结构可以直接做定, 放在被修饰词后

 


The school is five miles away. 学校在五里外

the school five miles away 五里外的学校

I live in a house which is five miles away. = I live in a house five miles away.

 

7It is now being sent to his home by train.

语是被动语态用于现在进行时,其结构为“am/is/are +being +过去分词”

The clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my father’s. home 前一旦修饰词(如文中的 his), 则其为名词

8Ted was most surprised when he heard the news.

most surprised 中的 most very 的意思,常与起形容词作用的过去分词用。

letter writting

在地址中我们通常使用缩略形, : “St.” (Street); “Rd.” (Road); “Sq.” (Square); “Ave.” (Avenue); “Pl.” (Place),有些词则不用缩略形, “LaneDrive行车道)

pics. pictures secs. seconds

 

Special difficulties

call 有关的短语动词

call on sb. 拜访,探望

Have you called on George recently?

call (sb.) up 人打电话(美语

If you want my help, just call up.

call at + 对(个人家或地方)进行暂访

He calls at every house in the street once a month.

call out 大声叫喊

Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.

call off 取消(项活动

For some reason, they have called off the party/the meeting.

call in 召集

Exercise 练习

2 It's too late to go to the pictures. Why don't we call the whole thing       ? go to the pictures 去看电

call the whole thing off 取消

Multiple choice questions

8All the police at the station are    b_ men.

a. topical   b. local  c. native d. neighbourly local adj. 地的  native              adj. 在这里(祖祖辈辈在这里) topical                            adj. 时事问的,门话的,目的

neighbourly adj. 邻居的

 


Lesson 35 Stop thief!

New words and expressions】生词和短语10

while n. 一段时间

regret v. 后悔

far adv. 非常

rush v.

act v. 行动

straight adv. 径直

fright n. 害怕

battered adj. 撞坏的

shortly adv. 很快,不久

afterwards adv.

while n. 一段时间

while = some time 一小会wait for a while  一会after a while 隔了一会

regret v. 后悔

regret sth. 后悔……

You will regret it. 你会后悔的你一会后悔的

regret to do sth. 很遗憾要去做……

I regret to tell you a bad news. 我很遗憾要告诉你一个坏消息 (还没说)

regret doing sth. 很遗憾已经……

I regret telling him the news. 我真后悔告诉他这个消息

I regret to steal your money.

regret that + 遗憾……

遗憾:pity<n.>sorry<adj.>regret<v.>

It's a pity

I am sorry to…

 

far adv. 非常

farmuch, 修饰形容词或副词的比较级, 注意 most 是修饰形容词或副词的, 不是比较级比较级前可以加修饰词,表示程度点点a littlemuch

 

rush v.

vi. 冲,奔

rush vi. (用腿)

While I was talking to Frank, a man rushed into the room. run v. (很快)

vt.&vi. 仓促行事,仓促完成紧做

 


Roy rushed (through) his lunch and left for the staion. Tom always rushes his homework on Sunday evenings.

n. 猛冲,奔

Roy made a rush at the thieves.

 

act v. 行动

Act! (口语) 行动!

take action to do sth. 采取行动

straight adv. 径直

adj. 直的,直的

He drew a straight line on the paper. This road isn’t straight.

adv. 直地

go straight on 径直往前走

You’ll see a tower straight ahead. 你会看到前方有个塔。

adv. 径直地,直接地

John always goes straight home after work. Roy drove the bus straight at the thieves.

 

fright n. 害怕

get a fright 得到惊吓的感觉(类get a surpriseYou give me a fright. 你吓了我一跳

give sb. sth. 给人带来感觉

give me a pleasure/an excitement/a fright frighten vt. 使惊吓vi. 惊恐

You frighten me.

This doesn't worry me.

frightening adj. 人感到怕的frightened adj. 感到怕的一个动词 ing/ed, 证明这个动词跟人的感有, 他的宾语会是人 frightfulterrible              adj.

Your handwriting is frightful. 你的字真糟糕

Cold is frightful. 寒冷是怕的

battered adj. 撞坏的

battered (lose one's shape) 被撞变形的

battered bag 破旧不堪的包(battered  与软的东西用时,表示用旧了,破旧不堪的

batter n. 击球手v. 打坏, 猛击

damaged adj. 被刮坏的

destroyed car 车子被损害不damaged car 车子坏了,但battered car 车变形

afterwards adv.

shortly afterwards soon 不久

 


shortlysoonafterwardslater 后来,

Text

Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men werearrested.

参考译文

罗伊·雷顿原是开出租汽车的, 然而就在前不久, 他开了公汽车, 并不为此感到后悔. 他发觉的新工作人兴奋得. 最近, 开车在凯福德街行驶时, 看到有两个小偷从一家商店里冲出, 奔向在那里的一辆汽车, 其中一个提一只装满钞票的提包. 罗伊行动迅速, 开车直冲窃贼. 拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包扔了. 那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时, 罗伊驾驶他的公汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾. 那辆被撞坏的车开走后, 罗伊停, 给警察挂了电话. 小偷的车损坏严重, 很容易辨认. 没过,警察了那辆车, 两个小偷被抓.

 

【课文讲解】

1A short while ago, however, he became a bus driver and he was not regretted it. a short while agoa shorttime ago 不久

while 作名词表示“一会(一段)时间”时常与 a 用,有时thethis 等连用:

They haven’t seen each other for a long while. Have you been in Australia all this while?

I saw her a short while ago.

however 可以, 可以如果一个词两边有逗号,证明这个词是插入语

2He is finding his new work far more exciting. find 可以用一现在时态, 可以用进行时态

He is finding his trip very exciting.

far more exciting 有趣(在形容词和副词的比较级与最高级前可以far相当 much)来表示强调,译为“很,大大的”)

It’s far/much colder today than it was yesterday.

This is (by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop.

 

3When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.

see 和一些感动词(smell, feel, hear, watch, notice 可以用在动词+名词/代词宾语+不带 to 的不

定式结构(省to)中,如果全过do,过中的一瞬间doingsee sb. do sth. 看见做某(强调全过)

I see them dance. (看了全过)

 


see sb. doing sth. 看见做某

I see them dancing . (只看了一部分) hear sb doing sth.hear sb. do sth.

 

4The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. with 一旦出现在名词或代词后就做定, 出现在动词之后状语

He came in with a book. (作状语)

The boy with a bookcame in. () get a fright 吓了一跳

so+形容词(副词)+that…/such+(修饰词或形容词)+名词+that… 如此……以……一旦有名词, 认为形容词修饰的是名词, 的词修饰的是名词

drop vt. 由于抓什么没抓不小心掉 sb. drop sth.

I drop the chalk.

fall vi. sth. falldrop the money / the money fall

The chalk is falling.

 

5As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. as = when 当……时候

get away run away 逃跑

How did the thief getaway? by car /in the car  开车 drive into… 上……

6While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police.

stopped his carthe car stopped(与时说话时的视觉概念有,一个是人为停,一个是自

7The thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize.

…and easy to recognize = and the car was easy to recognize (用主动表被动含义)

如果一个不定式的前是一个形容词, 如果主的结局是“系表结构+to”,不定式当中常用主动表被动,在不定式的表达方式当, 动词的宾语如果刚好是这话的主语, 这个宾语一出现

The apple is sweet enough to eat.

The apple is too sour to eat. (sour adj. 酸的) The question is easy enough to answer.

The boy is enough clever to answer the question.

这个小孩足够聪明至于回答这个问 the question 不是主语故一要出现)文中 “…easy to recognize(car)” car 是主语, 所以出现

在不定式当, 许有可能用主动表达被动含义, 物动词后般加宾语(这个宾语是这话的主), 又如:The clothes are too comfortable to ware.

8Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. shortly afterwards 没过

both men two persons

 


stop the car  车子(the driver stop the car其他stopped the carstop thief 捉賊

Special difficultiesSo and Such

such so 都可以用于表示程度,但so 作副词和词,such 则是形容词,因此 so 通常位于形容词、副词之前,such 位于名词之前:

I’ve never read so interesting a book. I’ve never read such an interesting book.

引导结果状语从时,它们的结构分是:

so +形容词(副词) +that…/ such +(a, an 修饰词或形容词)+名词+that… 如此……以至于……

一旦有名词认为形容词修饰的是名词的词修饰的是名词,如果名词是数名词单数才要

a an, 反过来如果是数名词单数, a an

It was so cold that no one went out.

such 除了表示“这样的,如此的”意思外,还可以表示“像这一类的”,so 表示这种意思。

He often talks about such things. You should not speak to such people.

如果形容词是表示数量的(many, much, little, few), 一律用 so

There is so little time left that we must hurry. There is such a little() bird that I can't see it.

(little 不会和数名词用,如用不会译成“数量少”,应译为“小”)

He is so lazy a boy./ He is such a lazy boy.

如果有几个以上的形容词同修饰一个名词的时候, 冠词放在第一位, 话中冠词不放在第一位, “a” “boy” , “lazy” 从意思“boy” , 但从强调点上“boy” , 它的强调“lazy”

Multiple choice questions

1 Roy Trenton _ a  .

a.  prefers driving a bus to driving a taxi

b.  prefers driving a taxi to driving a bus

c.  is sorry he isn't a taxi driver

d.  is glad he didn't change his job

prefer…to… 喜欢这个东西(和后的东西比),  可也

I prefer tea to water.

prefer+名词+to<prep.>+名词(如为动词则+ing) I prefer drinking tea to drinking water.

prefer to(定式的标志)+动词原形…rather than… 比起……更喜欢……

He prefers to drive bus rather than drive a taxi.

I prefer to have an apple rather than have an orange.

 

3  RoyTrenton used to drive a taxi. This means he     a  a taxi.

a.  has stopped driving b. is used to driving

c. got used to driving d. still drives

 


used to do 过去常常现在不了(to 为介词

The boy used to swim in the river. 那男孩过去在河里游泳

be used to doing sth. = get used to doing sth. 习惯于……

I am(not) used to getting up early. 我习惯起

The boy is used to swimming in the river. 那男孩习惯在河里游泳

be used to do sth. 被用来

The knife is used to cut the paper. 刀被用来切纸

4  He noticed two thieves _ d    out of a shop.

a. to come  b. are coming c. in coming d. come see sb. doing sth. 看见做某see sb. do sth. 看见做某notice sb. doing sth. notice sb. do sth.

watch sb. doing sth.  watch sb. do sth.

b. are coming 没有主从一致, 应为was coming

7     The car was easy to recognize, so it wasn't      d   difficult for the police to catch the thieves.

a. much b. very c. many d. too too…to…  …… 以 至 于 不 …… enough…to…                                          用来做某

many +名词 much, very 不会与 to

8     He hasn't regretted it. He _ a     it.

a.  isn't sorry about b. doesn't pity

c. isn't pleased with  d. doesn't laugh about be sorry about sth. ……感到遗憾()

be pleasued with sth. ……感到满意

laugh at 嘲笑 laugh about sth. ……原因

b.  pity 不对是由于词不对,pity 是形容词

11  The thief dropped the bag. He     d_ .

a. let it b. left it c. fell it d. let it fall let sb. do sth.  让某做某事(听之任之)

My father lets me play football. (听之任之, 随他去) make sb. do sth. 让某做某事(有强迫的意思

My father makes me play football. (强迫)

 


Lesson 36 Across the Channel

New words and expressions】生词和短语8

record n. 记录

strong adj. 强壮的

swimmer n. 游泳运动员

succeed v. 成功

train v. 训练

anxiously adv. 焦急地

intend v. 打算

solid adj. 的,硬的

record n. 记录 vt.

break the record 破记录

set up a record = make a record 创记录

hold the record = keep the record 保持记录

equalize the recorder 平记录 (equalize vt.使相等, 补偿) recorder n. 录音机

如果同一词音节落在第一个音节的重音是名词重音落在第二个音节肯是动词

record n. 记录vt. 记录

present  n. 礼物adj. 现在的v. 赠送

desert n. 沙 漠 v. 废弃

strong  adj. 强壮的

as strong as horse 象牛一样壮() strong wind 大风heavy rain 大雨 strong girl (示不是很瘦, 结实) strong mind 意志坚强

Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦

sturdy adj. 结实的, 强健的

robust adj. 结实 (“乐百事英文名)

strong +运动员  获胜把握比较大,强有力的“强有力的对手”中的“强有力”strong 表达)

 

swimmer   n. 游泳的人, 游泳者

swimmer  确切的意思是游泳者, 游泳的人

strong swimmer 游泳

athlete n. 运动员(运动会常说的运动员)

swimming athlete 游泳运动员 (这里的“-ing”意为 用来” )

 

succeed v. 成功

succeed in doing sth. 做……成功

success n. 成功, 成功的人

 


successful adj. 成功的

be successful in doing sth fail v. 失败

fail to do sth. 做……失败

failure n. 失败, 失败者, 缺乏, 失灵, 故障, 破产, 疏忽, <>

train v. 训练

train sb. to do sth. 训练做……(, 且有人形成种技) teach sb. to do sth.  做……(只是教, 会不会不管)

trainer n. 教练 trainee n. 受训的

training center 训练中心

anxiously adv. 焦急

anxious adj. 焦急的

intend v. 打算

intend to do sth.be going to do sth. 打算做某

solid adj. , 硬的n.

adj.

She will not eat any solid food.

adj. 硬的,结实的,坚固的(指家具、建筑物

The ice is solid. 冰很硬。

n.

Text

Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.

参考译文

黛比·哈准备明天横渡英吉利海峡. 她打算5 钟从国海岸出发. 黛比只有 11 , 她希望创一项新的世界纪录. 她是一个游泳, 人认为她一定能成功. 黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一道出发.先生训练她的女已经年了, 明天他将焦急地注视游过这段漫的距到达英国. 黛比计划每两小时休息一. 她将喝些饮料, 但不吃固食物. 黛比的大部分同学将在英国海岸候她. 他们中还会有黛比的母亲, 她本人还是个姑娘时, 曾横渡过英吉利海峡!

 

【课文讲解】

 


1Across the Channel across 横渡

the Channelthe English Channel 英吉利海峡(C”大写时, 是指 the English Channel)

 

2She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. set out 出发set out from… 地出发

3Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. hope to do sth. 希望自己做……

hope that+ 希望……

set up 为“创立,建立”,可以个具的事物,如 set up a school;也可以指抽象的,如个机构、组织

set up a new world record 创造新的世界纪录

 

4She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.

feel (that) + 认为…………(宾语从中的 that 可以省略

My parents feel that they can believe in you.

be sure to do sth. 定能, 会(肯语气比“must”must + 动词原形,表示一, 一种推测)强,对件事动词有把握)

be sure of… (件事, 名词宾语)

be sure that… (件事, 做某事有把握)

I am sure that I can do sth.I am sure of sth.I am sure to do sth.

I am sure of my success. = I am sure to succeed. I am sure that I can succeed/be successful.

 

5Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat.

...with her 同她一道

by boat in a boat 乘船

6Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. will be doing 将来进行时表达将来

aswhen

swim +  游过多长

All the world will be watching anxiously as the war broke out. We will be watching anxiously as you went (go) out. (牵挂)

 

7Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours.

rest 作“休息”讲时,可以数名词,也可以是不数名词:

Today is my day of rest. 今天是我的休息日。

After a long rest, he went on with his work. have(take) a break(rest) 休息

 


take short rests 休息时间

 


every 用在表示时间的名词之前时译为“每”,every two hours  每两个小时

I will plant another tree every three trees. 每隔三棵树我会再种一棵

8She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. something to drink 可以喝的东西(不定式语)

have something to eat/read/do

 

9Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. most +n. = most of the +n. 数的……

most young people / most of the youngpeople will be waiting 将来进行时

I will be right here wating for you. on the coast 在海边

10Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. among prep. ……之中, ……之一(三者或三者以上)

among them 在他们中(很人之中

between them 左右各一个人

限定性定语从/限定性定语从

如果是有逗号的是非限定性定语从,  没有逗号的是限定性定语从 限定性定语从可以that限定性定语从少了后, 话意思不完整,限定性定语从子完整, 补充说明的作用,非限定性定语从一旦有逗号隔开,  子和前系不,  起补充作用。

Among them will be Debbie's mother. 是一个倒装常的语序应为 Debbie’s mother will be among them.

倒装:地+will+名词

常见的倒装Here you are. / Here is my ticket.

全部倒装:地(介词语或副词)+动词+名词

倒装型中如果主语是名词, 放在动词后, 如果是代词, 放在动词前, Here you are.

在运动场常用的口语:

Well to go. / Well done. / Yea! / Yeah!

bingo int.(因出乎意料的成功表示兴奋的叫声)! Go

Letter Writing

书写地址时,常常不写地或邮的全称。有时只写名称的一部分或只用大写字母。如:Berkshire

写成Berks.California 写成 Calif.North West 3 缩写成N.W.3New York 缩写成 N.Y.

Key structure 表示将来的结构

 


将来时

 


be to

be about to

be going to 表将来

intend to do sth.be going to do sth. 打算做某

I intend to have a company. = I am going to have a company.

plan to do sth. 计划做某

mean to do sth. 打算做某:

What do you mean to do(intend to do)?

aim to do sth. 打算做某

I will do sth.I intend to do sth.

plan to do / mean to do / aim to do / hope to do / want to do 这类词本身没有将来时态, 本身表示将来,用一现在时表示将来时

be going to 常用于口语中,在正式的书语中通常用 will 不用be going to。在陈述, 常常be going to 来替代 shall will。但有时不be going to 代替 shall will

You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea. 如果你乘船旅游你会玩得很开心的.

在非正式体下,要表示意图、打算,强调计划和安排,表示说话人许对即将发生的事预先有解时,一 be going to 不用will

What do you intend to do at home? I’m going to watch TV.

They’re going to be married soon.

如果表示说话时决做某事,或者表示建议、请求、肯或不肯定等含义时,要用 will 不用 be going to

You won’t forget to bring something to sleep in, will you? (表示建议

Don’t worry! I’ll bring a sleeping bag. (表示决

I shan’t be able to look after the baby and cook lunch. (表示肯I’ll look after the babywhile you cook lunch. ( 表 示 决 Tomorrow will be Tuesday.

 

Special DifficultiesWatch, Look at, Follow

Watch (something happening) 观看 (在发生的事),注视,注意看 Do you have to watch me eating my supper? 你非得看我吃晚饭吗? How long have you been watching the race?

Look at 仔细看,(留意)看

Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。

Follow (go after) 跟随 (走在后)

I followed my mother intothe kitchen. 我跟母亲走进厨房.

The dog followed me all the way home.

特定的时候,follow 也可以表示注视,即用目光“跟随”: Have you ever seen a cat follow/watch a bird’s every movement?你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动?

Solid, Firm, Stable

 


Solid (not liquid)  (非流),硬的()结实的,坚固的(指家具、建筑物This is a solid table. 这张桌子很结实。

Firm

(not loose) 稳固的 (不松动),不会改的,牢固的

I've fixed that hook. It is firm now. 我把鱼钩固好了现在它很牢固.

This table is firm. You can stand on it.

(not doubtful) () 表示态、信念的、坚决的

He gave me a firm refusal. 他断拒绝.

He is firm about going abroad. 在出国这件事他态很坚决。

(not lenient) 严格的,严厉的

You must be very firm withthat child. 对那个孩子你一要非常严格.

Stable (often describing character) 的,稳重的, 靠的,信赖的(指人的的,稳固的(指工作、机构、环境

He is a very stable person. 他是一个格坚的人. He is not a very stable person.  太稳/

I’m glad that you’ve got a stable job now.

 

Exercise 练习 用上面的词填空 :

1 I came to a       decision and I will not change my mind.

2  I stood on the bridge and      the boats passing by.

3 May I       your photograph album?

4     The ice in the pond is so         that you can walk to it.

5     I tried to persuade him but he remained _.

 

  1. firm

come to a decision/make a decision 下定决心

come to a conclusion 得出结论 (conclusion] n.结束, 缔结, 结论)

  1. watched

watch sb. doing sth.(型结构)

  1. look at
  2. so solid 如此的坚硬

The ice in the pond is solid enough to walk on.(“it”)

=The ice in the pond is so solid that you can walk on it. The room is clean enough to live in.

=The room is so clean that we can live there.

  1. firm. (不改变主意的用 “firm” )

 

Multiple choice questions

3  She is sure to succeed. Many peoplefeel sure d_ it.

a. to b. for c. in d. of sure of+nsure to do sth. sure that…

 

4  He will be watching her anxiously_ c   she swims the long distance to England.

 


 

a. though meanwhile b. meanwhile c. while d. during as 由于;当……时候(=when, while

during prep. ……期间,后不会加句

though meanwhile , 有转折的意思

meanwhileat thesame time=meantime n. 其间, 其时adv. 其间

however adv. 然而(副词只修饰子或动词起修饰作用

8  Debbie hopes to  b a new world record.

a. do b. make c. build  d. fix set up a record = make a record 破记录

9  She is sure to succeed. She's sure to be  a .

a. successful b. success c. succession d. a succession succession    n. , , 继任者, 演替, [农业] 轮栽, be +adj.  系表结构

be+n. 前者=后者 (前者和后者是)

 


Lesson 37 The Olympic Games

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的

hold v. 召开

government n. 政府

immense adj. 巨大的

stadium n. 露天育场

standard n. 标准

capital n.

fantastic adj. 巨大的

design v. 设计

Olympic  adj. 奥林匹克的

the Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会(简称 the Games,一大型运动会用 games)

 

hold (heldheld)  v. 召开

vt. ,抓抱住

Please hold the bady while I take off my coat. Why are you holding my bag?

容纳,装得,包含

This cup can’t hold much water. 这杯子装不了少水。

The stadium can hold 20,000 people.

举行,进行(会议、会谈庆祝(节日纪念

have a meeting = hold a meeting 召开会议

hold 习惯用被动:

The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight)

A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 节日庆典每年在爱丁堡举行一次. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject.

明天我们准备开一次会来讨论这个议.

The next conference will be held in Geneva. 次会议将在日瓦举行.

 

immense adj. 巨大的

fantastic adj. 巨大的

immense adj. 极大的, 无边的, 一望无际的

The universe is immense. immense ocean

big adj.(一的)大的

big man 大人物

large adj. 数量的大, 尺寸的大

large man 大块

 


great adj. 伟大的, 重要的

great man 伟人

huge adj.(积的)巨大的, 庞大,极大的,

fantastic adj. 巨大的(建筑,表惊叹),好极的, 宏伟的

stadium n. 露天育场

playground n. 操场

sports field 运动场育场(sports 各种各样的运动

gymnasium n. 健身房,育馆;体篮球场 gym 足球场 stadium

 

standard n. 标准

high standard 高标准

Olympic-standard 奥林匹克标准(运动会中的最高标准)(复合形容词:形容词+名词

capital  n.

capital adj. 大写的, 重要的

capital punishment 极刑 (punishment n.惩罚, , ) hot seat 电椅(国外的极刑)

design v. 设计

vt. &vi. 设计图样

George has designed a new bridge.

vt. &vi. 打算(做……,计划

He designed to enter for the competition. This book is designed for foreign tourist.

n. 图样,图纸设计

Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress. Here is the design of the new house.

 

designer n. 设计师

welldesigned  设计不错的(复合形容词:副词+过去分词

Text

The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.

 


参考译文

4 , 奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行. 由于将有大批的人到我们国家来, 所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池. 他们还将修筑一些新的道路和一条铁路专线. 运会在首市郊举办, 整个地将被称作 奥林匹克城 . 工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好; 到明年年底, 他们将把新育场建成. 这些巨大的现代化建筑是由库尔·设计的. 大家将急切地注视新建筑的建成. 我们非常激动, 盼望奥运会的到来, 因为在这个国家里还从未举办过奥运会.

 

【课文讲解】

1The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time.

in four yearstime 四年之后(in 常与将来时用表示“……时间之后”

He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour. four years later 四年后

four years ago 四年前

2 As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.

as/because 原因,as 词,引出原因状语从as 用于表示原因时通常位于首,它表明的原因对于讲话对象可能是已的,因此没必要再予强调。because     任何时候都可代替  as,来说明一种或几种原因,但 as 则不一代替 becausebecause 跟在主,强调讲话的对象可能道的原因。

As you can’t type the letter yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you. Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car.

a large number of people = a great many people 大批的人

an immense stadium 一个大型育场

a new Olympic-standardswimming pool 一个新的奥运会标准的游泳池

3They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. be building 修建

a special railway-line 专线铁路

4Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. by the end of this year 到今年年底前

by the end of next year 到明年年底前

by 是完成时的标志, 表示“到……为止,在……之前,并不晚于时的任何时间”,不与表示一段时间的名词名词用,只与表示时间的名词或词组用,用于肯定句与用于否定句有一定区别

I’ll have left by Monday. 到星期一我将已开。(星期一之前的任何时间

I won’t have leftby Monday. 我星期一之前不会开。 (星期一还在

5Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.

as 词,相当while值”讲,引出时间状语从,它引导的从表示将来的动作但要用一现在时,不 “…will go up”

be built 强调建造go up (建筑物)被兴建起来,拔地

Many new houses are going up in this district.

 


6We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.

look forward to+n./pron./doing sth. (很高兴的)盼望,期待

look forward to…expect(期待)区别expect 没有高不高兴的成分

Look forward to your letter.

 

Letter Writing

在信的地址下面必须写完整的日期。日期有两种写,如:17th April, 19-April 17th 19-,数字写

1st1 2nd2 3rd3 4th4 日)

 

 


Key structures


一般将来完成时

 


将来时除了可以用来预言将来发生的事外,还可以表示“意”,如允诺、建议、请求、提议

The radio hasn’t been mended yet.  Never mind! I’ll mend it for you. (允诺

Will you open the door for me please! (请求

Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? (建议

将来进行时除了表示最近或不久的将来在进行的动作外,还可以表示计划或安排好的事:

A great many people will be visiting the country.

将来完成时用于表示到将来一时刻已经完成的动作。将来完成时由 will have+过去分词构成。它常与by

not…till/until+表示时间的名词用。

I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey.

I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.

 

现在完成: 到现在时间为止过去完成: 到过去时间为止

将来完成: 到将来时间为止, 个动作已经发生

Special DifficultiesLook 的短语

Look forward to (expectwith pleasure) (高兴地)盼望,期待to 为介词后跟名词、代词和动名词,不接动词原形)

I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 盼望暑假的到来.

I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend.

Look out (be careful) (注意),留神

Look out!A bus is coming. , 汽车来了.

You should always look out when you walk across a road.

Look out of 朝外看

Don’t look out of the window.

Look up

(get information from a reference book) 查阅 (从参考书中获取资料) I don't understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary.

我不懂这个词的词义我要查一字典.

 


(visit) 拜访,看望

Don't forget to look me up whenyou return. 回来时忘了来看我.

I’m going to look up Mary this afternoon.

 

Exercise 练习hold look 确形填空 :

4  The students' union       an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday.

5  My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why don't you       her      when you're there?

6  Examinations will be       next week. I'm not     them.

4.  held

debate on  辩论…… debate v. 争论, 辩论n. 争论, 辩论

union n. 联合,合并,结合,联盟,协会

口语过三步:dialogue(对话)discussion(讨论)debate(争论) capital n. 都;大写

5.  look (her) up

look (sb.) up : 拜访, 看看, 在英文中并不一是很正式, 只是去看看的意思

6.  heldlooking forward to hold an exam  举行考试 take the exam 接受考试

Multiple choice questions

4 By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it        b_ the end of next year.

a. at b. before c. after d. long before by=before  ……为止, ……之前, 不迟于

long before 在之前很久

7 We are looking forward to the Olympic Games, _ a_ they have never been held before in this country.

a. for b. why c. because of d. due to because 强调后的是原因,后跟

because of 因为……(介词语,不会加句

why 直接做连

due to +  由于……(介词语,不会加句

His success is due to his hard work.

 

12 We are looking forward to the Games. So we will be     a   when they begin.

a. pleased  b. unhappy c. sorry d. impatient be pleased 感到高兴地, 人满意地

be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某

impatient adj. 不耐烦的, 急躁的, 不耐心的

 


Lesson 38 Everything except the weather

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

except prep. 除了

Mediterranean n. 地中海

complain v.

continually adv. 不断地

bitterly adv. 刺骨地

sunshine n. 阳光

Mediterranean n. (the ~)地中海

Mediterranean n.地中海(=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, , 非三大洲之间),地中海沿岸的居民adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的

complain v.

complain to sb. 

complain of/about sth. 

continually adv. 不断地

continually adv. 续地, 频繁地(时断时续)

The baby cry continually. continuously adj. 续不断地

continue v. 继续, , 延伸

bitterly adv. 刺骨地

bitterly disappointed 彻底的失望 disappoint vt.使失望

I am bitterly disappointed. bitterly cold 刺骨地寒冷

It’s bitterly cold. chilly adj. 寒冷的

sunshine n. 阳光

也可直接用 “sun表示阳光

a drop of sunshine 一缕阳光 a drop of 一缕

Text

My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many

 


 

years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.

 

参考译文

我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国前曾年居在地中海地。过去他常幻想退休后到英国,并计划在

乡间安顿来。他刚一回到英国便买了一幢房子了进去。但开始怨那里的天气了。因为  使那时仍为夏季,但雨总是个不停,且常常冷得厉害。在阳光生活了那么年的哈里森对此感到              惊奇。他的举动好像他从未在英国生活过一样。最后,他再忍受不,还没安顿卖掉了房子, 开了

这个国家。他年来的幻想从此破灭。哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了,唯独没想到天气。

【课文讲解】

1He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. dream of… , 梦见(梦想),幻想,向往

Frank used to dream of having a car of his own. think of… (思维的活动), 考虑

settle down 居,安身,安顿

After two years of traveling, I want to settle down now.

 

2He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.

no  sooner…than ……就……联词,引导时间状语从,主里常用过去完成时,than的从用一过去时同用的还有 as soon asthe momenton doing

had no sooner done…than +过去时, (时态结构 : 完成时态 + than + 过去时)

He had no sooner arrived than he called me up. no sooner 放在要倒装

No sooner had he arrived than he called me up. (倒装)

 

3Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.

almost immediately 几乎马, 很快地 (时间的快, 常用于写作)

for词)表示因为(解释说明, )because 因为(一要说的原因for because 不同,不用于首,并且在 for 必须重复主语:

I don’t have a car, for I can’t afford it.

even though =even if 即使,虽(引导步状语从

Even though I came here, my mind was absent. 尽管我人来了但我还是心不在焉

4After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. so many years 这么

after it rained for days = after so many days of rain 在这么天雨之后

After seven years of hard work, he was successful.

After ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return and settle down. got a shock 吓了一跳, 吃了一惊

5He acted as if he had never lived in England before.

as if+ 似乎,   好像(引导表示方的状语从,如果从为过去完成时则是虚拟语气,描

 


与事实, 的条件是假的

He acted as if he was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 应根据上下文来看)

My leg hurts as if it was broken.

as if/though 引导方状语从,通常跟在描述行为举止的动词之后,如 actappearfeellooksmellsound

She acted as if she were mad. (虚拟语气

It feels as if/though it’s going to rain.

 

6In the end, it was more than he could bear. more than 在这里表示“超过……的范围”

This piece of news is more than I can believe. It was more than I could understand.

I can't affard it. It was more than I can affard.

这种用与它通常表示“比……更多”的用法稍有不同:

There were more than ten people in the room.

 

7He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. hardly…when… 还没来得及……就……,用 no sooner…than

hardly had sb. done when… (hardly , 要倒装)

He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.knock out : 打晕, 击倒

have time to do sth. 有时间做某

I have no time to talk with you. 我没时间和你说话

I have time enough tohave coffee. 我有足够的时间喝咖啡

Composition

1     He bought an old car. It was in a very badstate.(but)

2     The engine was worn out. The gearbox was full of sawdust. (The engine…not only…but…as well)

3     He could not drive it. He could no sell it. He could not even give it away. (neither…nor…nor)

 

1.  in a bad state 状态不太好

though , even thougheven if 即使,这些词出现在两之间, 不再but

2.  The engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust. worn out 破旧不堪的

engine n. 发动机, 机车, 火车

gearbox n. 变速箱

sawdust n. 锯屑, 屑子 saw n. v.

not only 出现在首要倒装,不会放在

3.  He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away.

He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away. (这样写) neither do sth. nor do sth. nor do sth. 既不能也能更

 


Letter writing

日期:每年列月份写出全称:3 月,4 月,5 月,6 月和 7 月,剩余的月份写成:Jan. (1 )Feb. (2

)Aug. (8 )Sept. (9 )Oct. (10 )Nov. (11 )Dec. (12 )

 

 


Key structures


过去完成时

 


过去完成时经常与一过去时用,表示过去个动作发生前完成的动作。与过去完成时用的表示 时

间的词或词组有 whenafteras soon as(not) untilby that time(never) beforealreadyforsincejustno sooner…thanhardly…when 。过去完成时不与副词 ago 用(ago 与一过去时)。

He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚他还没完。

I’d never flown a plane at all until I flew this one!

在驾驶这架飞机之前我从来没有驾驶过飞机!

Special Difficulties

No soonerthan and Hardlywhen

no sooner…than (……就……)hardly…when (几乎未来得及……就……)这两组词意义as soon as 近,但比 as soon as 正式。它们通常与过去完成时用。no sooner hardly 位于首时,后主谓结构要颠倒顺序,即子变为 no sooner/hardly +助动词 +主语 +动词形的语序。

No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted. 他刚一开始讲话被打断了。

Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving.

 

Country and Countryside

country n. 国家,祖国“乡”讲时常与 the

Which country do you come from?

He had planned to settle down in the country.

countryside n. 农村地(强调景色),乡

The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. 纳周围的乡村非常漂亮.

I grew up in the countryside.

 

Continuously and Continually

continuously adv. 不断地,续地(指动作中间没有间断

You mustn’t watch TV for such a long time continuously. This plane can fly continuoulsly for twenty hours.

continually adv频繁地,反复地(指动作中间有间断但又持续很久

It rained continually. 天频繁地雨。

The river flows under this bridge continuously. 河水不停地从桥流过.

 

Multiple choice questions

4     He acted     a   he had never lived in England before.

a. as though b. like c. as d. even if as if as though 作宾语,act as if/though 习惯用

as 面可以加句, like 面加, as if 在后作状语,even if 使

 


5     It was more than he could bear. He couldn't bear it _ c_ .

a. more b. longer c. any longer  d. no more not any more = not any longer = not any further              不再

not more less ……

not longer 不是更长

11 He  d  as if he had never lived in England before.

a. made b. did c. conducted d. behaved do as I did 按我所做

seem as if  看起来象…… act as if 行为象……一样 look as if  看起来象……一样

conductbehave 可以做动词,表示行为,conduct 为不物动词, 如果作物动词, oneself He conducted himself well. 他表现的很好

He behaved (as) well.

 


Lesson 39 Am I all right?

New words and expressions】生词和短语10

operation n. 手术

successful adj. 成功的

following adj. 一个

patient n. 病人

alone adj. 独自的

exchange n. (电话的)交换台

inquire v. 询问,打听

certain adj.

caller n. 打电话的人

relative n. 亲戚

following adj. 一个

the next day, the following day 第二天

the next week, the following week 第二个星期

alone adj. 独自的 alone 强调人孤单一个‘home alone’ -- 《独自在家》

Leave me alone. 我烦, 别理

Leave him alone. 他一个人呆会

exchange n. (电话的)交换局

vt. 换,换,调换(指同类事物之间

I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one.

vt. 交换,互换

I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words. Did you exchange gifts after the party?

n. 电话交换台

He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington.

 

inquire v. 询问, 打听

vt. &vi. 打听,询问

A Mr. Wang inquired your telephone number. 一位王先生打听您的电话号码。

inquire sth. of sb. 人那打听

insquire about sth. 打听

He wanted to inquire about a certain patient.

vi. 调查,查问

He didn’t tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident.

vi. 求见(人),要找(

 


She inquired for the manager. 她想见经

certain adj.

certain 的名词的数量由它前的数词来一个a certain +n.(单数)

a certain patient = some patient 个病人两个two certain + n.(复数)

two certain patient

some+数名词单数时表示(一个) for some reason 由于

Text

While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert. He asked if Mr. Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks. Then Dr. Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. 'No,' the patient answered, 'I am Mr. John Gilbert.'

参考译文

约翰·吉尔伯特住院的时候, 他问医生他的手术是否成功, 但医生拒绝告诉他. 第二天, 这位病人要了一部床电话. 房里只剩他一个人时, 他挂通了医院的交换台, 要求与米灵顿医生讲话. 这位医生接过电话时, 吉尔伯先生说他想询问一个病人的, 是一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯的先生. 他问吉尔伯先生的手术是否成功, 医生告诉他手术很成功. 后他又问吉尔伯先生什么时候可以回家, 医生说他在医院还必须再住上两个星期. 之后, 米灵顿医生问打电话的人是否是病人的亲属. “不是, “病人回答说, “是约翰·吉尔伯先生. “

 

【课文讲解】

1Am I all right?

all right 指人的健康状况时,表示“安无恙的,良好的”

I was not very well last week, but I feel all right now.

 

2 While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so.

So 在这里是代词,代替前的动词不定式to tell him whether。它一出现 believedoexpecthopesaytellthinkappear 之后:

Is it true that John has had an operation?

I am afraid so. /I believe so. / I think so. / It seems so.

 

3The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone.

 


the following day = the next day,这里 following 表示“的,其次的”。

ask for 请求,索要,要求(得到个东西。在…asked for Doctor Millington)中它表示“要求(人)来(接电话”。

bedside telephone 电话

4When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert.

Certain 在这里没有“肯的,确实的”含义,表示“一,位”,暗指说话者或说话对象可能对这人/这事不大清楚/熟悉,或指的这个人身份不大清楚:

Mary years ago a certain doctor arrived in London.

a Mr. John Gilbert 一位名叫约翰.吉尔伯的先生

a+人名前, 表示一个有这个征的人或我不认识的某某人,这种a 通常与表示“一”certain 用:

He is a Leifeng. 表示具有雷锋的

A certain Mrs. Hart is waiting to see you.

有位哈夫人正等着见您。

5He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks.

for another two weeks 又两个星期

another 作为限定词表示“另一个,再一个”的时候,通常与数的单数名词用,不和复数形式连但是后面可以跟基数词/few+复数名词(它们被成一个整):

I need another three driving lessons before my test.

考试前我还需3 节驾驶课。

I need another few hours before I can finish my homework.

我还需几个小时才能做完作业。

 

 


Key structures


直接引语和间接引语

 


直接引语的变为间接引语的时引号和问号不再使用,且直接中的倒装语序在转述

里要还原为陈述语序(主语+动词,有必要还要改变时态。

转述一般疑时必须使用 if whether,不省略,助动词 do/does did 在转述里消失了。

She asked if/whether you were tired. 她问你是否感到疲劳.

askwant to knowwonder if whether 通常可以互换,但是 whether 表示的怀疑程度if

大。

I wonder if/whether he’s phoned the doctor.

在表示两者挑一时常用 whether

She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.

转述中带有 or not 时,通常用 whether 引导,不用 if 引导:

He wants to know whether or not we want dinner.

Did the children saythey’d eaten? 他们没告诉我他们吃了没有。

在转述时,通常用原来的问词。在针对主语提问的间接中,时态和态助动词照

 


常有变化,但语序保持不变。

Tom asked if / whether Jack would arrive the next day. 汤姆问杰克第二天是否. Jane asked why I hadn't writtento her.              简问为什么我不给她写信.

如果直接引语是问,变为间接引语时,主不说 He saidHe askedtold 可以后跟问,还跟陈述

直接引语是表示命令、请求、建议的祈使通常用适的动词后跟不定式来转述,常用的这类动词有  adviseasktellordercommandwarminvite  ,这些动词后往往有间接宾语,在转述这类祈使时,必须将 not 放在带 to 的不定式之前:

She reminded/told me to turn off all the lights.

The teacher was telling/ordering/commanding her students to close their books. tell sb. to do sth.

The teacher told me (not) to open the door. ask sb. to do sth.

动词 suggest insist 用于转述建议、要求时,其结构为 suggest/insist +that should):

He suggests that they should sell the flat. I hope they won’t sell the flat. He still insisted that we should help him.

 

Multiple choice questions

3 John Gilbert was in hospital. He was taken _ c_ hospital last week.

a. at b.in  c.to d.on take sb. to hospital 人去医院

5   d  ? A bedside telephone.

a. For what did he ask b. What did he ask

c. For what did he ask for d. What did he ask for for what 因为……(在中=why

For what did he ask? 他为什么要? ask for 要求得到

7 He will have to stay in hospital. That's what he    b  .

a. has done b. must do c. must be doing d. must have done ahas done 已经 bmust do 必须cmust be doing must+ v.(原形)have to              不得不可能(对现在或者将来的推测) must +原形, +be doing, +have done 属于推测型的三种结构

must be doing 对说话的时的在进行的行为的推测

He must be sleeping.

He must be making the notes.

must have done 对过去的事的推测

He must have made the notes.

must have been doing 对过去的在进行的动作的推测

He must have been sleeping.

 

11     He was alone. He was     a  .

 


 

a. on his own

b. lonely

c. with himself

d.unique

on one's own

alone

 

 

of one's own

人自

 

 

 

12     He inquired about a patient. He wanted      b  .

a. informations  b.information c. knowledges d. knowledge knowledge n., 学问, 认识, , <>学科

information n. 信息(不数名词

a piece of information 一条信息

message 数名词, 如手机

 


Lesson 40 Food and talk

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

hostess n. 女主人

unsmiling adj. 不笑的,严肃的

tight adj. 身的

fix v. 凝视

globe n. 地球

despair n. 绝望

hostess n. 女主人

host n. 男主人v. 作为主人, 主办

actor n. 男演员 actress  n. 女演

unsmiling adj. 不笑的

unsmiling  adj. 不笑的(un+smiling, 但并不一表示 严肃serious adj.严肃的, 认真的, 严重的

My father is serious.

 

tight adj. 身的

tight jeans 身牛仔裤

The shoes are small/tight. (夹脚, )

tights n. 贴身衬衣, 身衣, 女用裤袜

fix v. 凝视

v. 使……、安装

fix the picture on thewall

She fixed a handle on the door.

fix on 使(目光、注意力)集中于,盯

fix one's eyes on sth./one's eyes be fixed on sth. 着……目不转睛(习惯用被动

All the eyes were fixed onthe blackboard. 有的眼睛黑板

v.

globe n. 地球,球状物, 如地球仪adj. 全球的

global problem 全球的问

earth n. 地球

global “阁楼宝”,一种灭蟑螂的药名

despair n. 绝望

despair n. 绝望, 失望, 人失望的人(事物)vi.绝望

in despair 绝望的

sb./sth. is the despair of… ……让……感到绝望

 


The boyis the despair of his parents. 那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了。

This boy is hismother's despair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了。

The examination was the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.

我对考试已经绝望了。

disappoint vt. 使失望

Text

Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.

'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?' 'No,' she answered.

'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked. 'No,' she answered.

'Will you be staying in England?' I asked. 'No,' she answered.

In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.

'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’

 

参考译文

星期的一次宴会, 女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁. 兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表严肃的女人, 穿一件身的黑衣服. 我在她身旁坐来的时候, 她甚至连头都没有抬一. 她的眼睛盯的盘子, 不一会儿就吃起来了. 我试图找个话和她聊聊.

一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’演了, 我说, 您去看吗?”

, “她回答. “您今年去国外假吗?” 我又问. “, “她回答.

呆在英国吗?” 我问.

, “她回答.

失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意.

年轻人, “她回答说, “如果你, 少说, 我们两个会吃得好的!”

 

【课文讲解】

1Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.

dinner 为不数名词,“at a dinner party”中的“a”并不修饰“dinner是 “party,have dinner a

ask sb. to do sth. 做某

next to    ……相邻,挨(既表示座位挨着也可以表示地置上

sit next to me 坐我旁边

There’s a field/shop next to our house.

 

2Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.

unsmiling 表示 bad mix,很难与人融合。unsmiling 的反义词为 smiling(微笑的,喜气洋洋的。有

 


些形容词前面可以加上前缀 un-来表示反的意义:comfortable(舒服的)/ uncomfortable(不舒服的),true

(真实的)/untrue(不真实的interesting有趣的)/ uninteresting(无趣味的,乏味的)。 in 在这里表示“穿、戴”:

A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.

inquiring for sb. 要找(人),求见

3She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. take a seat ,比 sit 正式

Please take a seat.

take one’s seat 表示位事先已安排好

After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner/party began.

 

4Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. busy +doing sth. 着做某事(doing 可以加 in也可以

We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance.

 

5'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?' The new film is coming to the cinema. / A new play will be on atThe Globe’.即将

The film will be on. 那部电即将要

6'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’

在并列中,同的子成分(如主语、谓语、状语)通常由同一词的单词/词组表示,并且它们的长度也差不保持子的平衡

You can either go out or stay here.

He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.

他想买的东西很,但他的钱很少。

 

Composition

1     She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)

2     She was not interested inthe theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)

 

1  She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.

=She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either. but…as well 可以加定也可以加定 ; but…either 能加as well, either 在此省略

2  She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.

=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(, 介词语的并列)

 

 


Key structures


2 类条件句(虚拟条件句

 


第  1 类条件,谈论将有可能发生的事,并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主用一将来时,从

 


现在时或其他形的现在时。

If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (常语气) If it rains, I will not go. 常语气(不一会去)

2 类条件if 谈论想象的况(假设与现在事实反),主则推测想象的结果。 从使用一过去时, 使用 would+动词原形。尽管第 2 类条件使用过去时,却并非指过去的时间,所以if之后的过去时用常被称为“非真实的过去”,整个条件句也被称作非真实条件

If you helped me,I would be grateful.

如果你帮了我, 我会感激你(惜你没有帮我, 我不会感激你) If it rained,it would not be hot. 如果, 不会这么

If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble.

假如你使他改变主意你会使他免了许麻烦.

如果 if 中的动词是 be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用 wereIf I were you 这种说经常用于提出建议。

If I were you, I’d accept their offer.

If I were in your position, I would act differently.

假如我于你的位我会采取不同的作.

2 类条件有时也可代替第 1 类条件来描述颇有可能发生的事,但比第 1 类条件较为“无把握”。

If you went by train, you would get there earlier. If you go by train, you will get there earlier.

2 类条件经常用来描写完全不可能的事

If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.

 

Special DifficultiesMake 的用法

物动词 make 的原义为制造”,但它经常用于一些固的结构,最常见的为 make+(冠词)+名词形

make progress(取得进步make the bed(铺床make conversation(找话make a noise(吵闹 make a promise(保证make trouble(捣蛋,制造麻烦)make money(挣钱)make a speech(演讲 make a mistake(犯错误make up one's mind下定决心,拿主意)

 

Do 的用法

完全动词 do 有一些固定短语:

do one's best(尽最大努力)do one's homework作业)do sb. a favour(帮忙)do a job(干家务)do work家务do exercise练习do business生意)

do 可以与动名词用:do some shopping(买东西,购物)do swimming(游泳do some reading (读书)

Multiple choice questions

4     She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.      c  next to her,she said.

a. Please to sit  b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting ask sb. to do sth. 祈使, 动词原形为标志

 


5     I took my seat beside her. I   a   beside her.

a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating

seat 宾语, 如果后没宾语, seat 的被动语态(物动词) : seat yourself / be seated 物动词,sit 是不物动词, 没有被动语态, 能加宾语,坐sit down

 

9  Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She     b  it.

a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to stuck to 粘在……上面

glance at 扫了一眼)

I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up. stare at = fix one's eyes on look at 来看

see 看见

watch vt. 观看(看活动的)

watch TV / watch sb. doing

notice 强调的是眼睛的注意看一些人不太注意的事

glimpse of / have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼

catch sight of= see 看见

I can catch sight of thebird. be in sight 看见

read v. 阅读(看与文字有的东西)

read loudly, read aloud 大声朗读汉语中的读

go through 浏览

12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it   d  ?

a. enjoying you b. amusing you

c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure enjoy sth. 表示在后者中得到了一种享受 enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself

sth. amuse 好 笑

entertain sb. 娱乐

amuse,entertain

entertainment n. , 娱乐, 娱乐表演

 


Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat?

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

rude adj. 无礼的

mirror n. 镜子

hole n.

remark v. 评说

remind v. 提醒

lighthouse n. 灯塔

rude adj. 无礼的(强调故意的

impolite adj. 不礼,表示没有注意到礼节的问, 所以显得有些不礼polite 的反义词,

p 的形容词的否前缀为 im

cheeky adj. 无礼, 没礼的(表示小孩对

Don’t be cheeky! 不得无礼! naive adj. 天真的

mirror n. 镜子

look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子

look up sth. in the dictionary 查字典

mirrot of… ……的写照,……的真实反映

His novel is a mirror of his time. 他的小说是他那个时代的真实写照

hole n.

hole in+ ……(地方)有个

remark v. 评说

remark 主要指说, say

remind v. 提醒

vt. 提醒

remind sb. of sth. / remind sb. to do sth. / remind sb. that… 提醒做某

He reminded his wife that they needed to buy some coffee and sugar.

vt. 使……想起

The smell of cabbage reminds me of school. 卷心菜的气味使我想起了学校。

She reminds me of her sister.

 

reminder n. 提醒物

Text

'Do you call that a hat?' I said to my wife.

'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.

 


 

I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.

'We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.

'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.' 'I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too many ties.'

'And a woman can't have too many hats,' she answered.

Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse!

 

参考译文

你把那个叫帽子吗?”  我对妻子说.

你说话没必要这样不客气,  “我的妻子边回答边照镜子.

我坐在一个新的满是网眼的椅子, . 我们在这家帽店已经呆了半个小时了, 我的妻子仍在镜子.

我们不应该买我们不需要的东西,  “突然发表意见说但马又后悔说了这话.

你没必要这么说, “我妻子回答说, “不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕透了的领带. “ “我觉得它好看, “我说, “男人有少领带不会嫌. “

女人有少帽子不嫌. 她回答.

10  分钟, 我们一道走出了商店. 我妻子戴一顶像灯塔一样的帽子.

 

【课文讲解】

1Do you call that a hat?

Do you call that +(冠词)+名词”这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义: Do you call that a house/a dog? 你把那个叫房子/狗吗?

2You needn't be so rude about it.

be rude about sth. 对事很粗鲁

be rude to sb. 对人很粗鲁

Don't be rude to me. 对我这么粗鲁

3I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. on the chair 在椅子

with holes in it

Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.

 

4We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.

名词修饰名词, 用单数:bookstore 书店,drugstore 药店,

 

5I regretted saying it almost at once.

regret doing sth./名词/that  后悔已经事,表示对过的事感到遗

Did he regret his mistake?

 


 

I now regret leaving my country/that I have left my country.

regret to do sth. 表示对现在或将来要的事感到对不起、遗憾,be sorry to do sth.正式We regret to tell you that you are not welcome.              我很遗憾地告诉您,您不受欢迎。

6  'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered. 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'

needn't have done 原本不必, 但是, 强调过去的动作不必

You needn't have bought it. 你原本不必买的

You needn’t have come. 你原本不必来的。

needn't do 现在的动作不必

You needn’t come. 你不必来。

remind sb. of sth. 提醒人想起

7'I find it beautiful,' I said.

动词 find 经常用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这种结构:

You’ll find it difficult/easy to make conversation with her. I find this book very interesting.

 

8A man can never have too many ties.

can never…too…cannot…too… 无论……也不为过

A man can never have too many ties.

的领带对一个男人来说不为过(男人有少领带不会嫌

I can never thank you too much. 感激不尽。

Drinking water can never betoo clean. 饮用水越干净越好。

Awife can never complain too much. 妻子么罗嗦不为过。

You can’t be too careful in doing your work. 你工作越小心越好。

Key structures

Must, Have (got) to and Need

态动词 must(必须,不得不)的否定式 mustn't(不、不准must 用于表示推测:

对现在和将来的推测:must +动词用原形

在发生的事的推测:must be doing

对过去的推测:must have done

对过去在发生的事的推测:must have been doing

must 的一般疑句可以must/have to needn’t 来回答,不用 mustn’t

Must I set off now? Yes, you must / have to. No, you needn’t.

mustn’t  表示绝对禁止,在说话人看来,根本没选择余地:

You mustn’t use that bicycle. It’s broken.

不必要needn’tdon’t have to 来表示:

needn’t = don’t have to

 


 

needn’t have done = didn’t have to

You needn’t / don’t have to work such long hours.

英语中的 need 有两种词,一个是普通动词(需要,一种是态动词。need 的否对应有两种: needn't 不必(态动词 need 的否 don't need 不需要(普通动词need 的否)。

need I...?() / do I need...? 实义动词

在实义动词后一个实义动词, 在后面加 to do Need I go out? = Do I need togo out? 我需要出去吗?

You needn’t have told me that. I know it is.

态动词后直接用名词宾语,实义动词后面可以直接名词, need 如是名词, 则这个

need 为实义动词

: He c follow me .

a doesn’t need b needn’t to c didn’t need to d needs

态动词 need 后接动词原形,但只用于否,肯定句musthave toought to shouldneed 用于时,问者往往希望得到否的回答:

Need you leave so soon? 你有必要这么走吗?

need 的一般疑的肯的回答可以must/had to,否的回答可以needn’t

Need I type this letter again? Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

Need you have told him about my plans? Yes, I had to. / No, I needn’t have.

表示必要时,must 的语气比need 要强:

I must go to the dentist this moring.

这种用来表示说话人对方选择或允许对方可以做某事的主观意图。它的完成和过去

needn’t havedidn’t have to didn’t need to

I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday.

I didn’t have to / didn’t need to go to the office yesterday. need doing sth. 需要被(用主动表达被动含义

① 这里 need 属于实义动词, 动词 ing 相当于名词来

② 有时态和人称变化,定式: don’t need doing

need doing 表达被动含义, : Your shoes need washing. 你的鞋子需()洗了另外 want doing 是用主动表示被动含义,它们的主语一是物, 不是人

Your hair needs cuting.

need to be done---主语是人,也可以是物 The child need to be …

 

对比 mustn't needn't

You musn’t read it bed. It’s bad for your eyes.

be bad for… ……有害

Smoking is bad for your health. 抽烟有害你的健康

You mustn't make a noise. The children are asleep. 你不应吵闹, 孩子们睡了.

You needn't drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.

你不必开得那么快我们有足够的时间.

=You don't have to(haven't got to) drive so quickly. We have plenty of time.

 


You mustn't smoke in a theatre. It is forbidden. 你不应该在剧场里抽烟, 这是不允许的. You needn't come with us if you don't want to. 如果你不想去, 你不必和我们一道去.

=You don't have to (haven't got to) come with us if you don't want to.

 

Special  DifficultiesRemark,

Observe and Notice

remark observe 都可以表示“说,评论说”,它们比say 正式

‘You’re looking very well!’She remarked/observed.

notice observe 都可以表示“注意到,察觉到”,但有一定区别notice 指无意中“察觉到”observe可以指有意观察、仔细地看,比 notice 更正式

He observed me carefully. (He looked at me.) 他仔细地看.

Did you notice how she was dressed? 你注意到她的穿戴了吗?

I’ve noticed/observed that he telephones her oftener than before.

我发现/注意到他现在给她打电话比前次数了。

I didn’t notice his leaving.

make rude remark / call one's name / say F words (F fuck) 讲粗话,骂人

He made a lot of rude remarks about the hat she was wearing. fail to do sth. 没有

not fail to 表示强地肯

I had changed the furniture round that you can not fail to notict it.

我已经把周围的家具换了。

Multiple choice questions

3  Do you have to buy this hat? No, I    c  . It isn't necessary.

a. mustn't b. won't c. needn't d. don't need Do you have to...?

Yes, I do … / No, I don't … / No,I don't have to do sth. mustn't 不准

don't have to 不 必 =needn’t

musthave to 必须

英文中要么助动词之后有的东西省略, 要么省到不定式标志, “don’t need to”

Would you like to do sth?

Yes, I'd like to. / No,I don't / No,I don't need to. (to 省略) Do you want to go to school? Yes,I do. / Yes,I want to.

Would you like to see the menu?  Yes, I'd like to. (后接动词) Would you like some bananas? Yes, I’d like. (后接名词)

Do you need the hat?

No, I don’t need. (不为“I needn’t”,态动词不直接接名词“hat”)

7     A man can never have too many ties. It's      b  .

a. unable b. impossible c. improbable d. incapable can never can't 可能

be able/unable to dosth. (unable adj., 不会的)

 


impossible 可能 improbable 不太可能 probably 很有可能

incapable adj.力的,

be capable of / be incapable of

 

8     She looked in the mirror and saw her _ a_ .

a. reflection b. idol c. imagination d. picture

reflection n.反射, 映象, , 反省, 沉思, 反映reflect v. 发射

idol n.偶像, 崇拜物, 幻象, []谬论

imagination n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 听觉

picture  n. 照片, 图象

11     His wife was wearing a hat. She _ c_ .

a. was dressing it b. was putting it on c. had it on d.was carrying it wear/dress/put on/have on 穿

wear 穿(强调状态

dress sb. 人穿衣服(强调动作

put on 穿(强调动作

have sth. on 穿(强调状态) (have……on 让……东西在……上面 )

in a green coat

She is in a green coat. be in+衣服(状态)

 

12     It looked like a lighthouse. It     b_ a lighthouse.

a. appeared similar b. resembled c. matched d.likened match ……相

liken vt.……比作

compare/liken sth to another thing 把前者比作后者

We liken the hat to alighthouse. resemble vt. , 类似

a resemble b appear 显 得

It appeared similar to a lighthouse. similar ……相

be similar to (to )

 


Lesson 42 Not very musical

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

musical adj. 精通音乐的

market n. 市场,集市

snake charmer 玩蛇者(通常借音乐控制

pipe n.(吹奏的)管乐器

tune n. 曲调

glimpse n. 一瞥

snake n.

movement n. 动作

continue v. 继续

dance v. 跳舞

obviously adv.

difference n.

Indian adj.

market n. 市场,集市

n. 市场,集市

We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.

我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很一段路。

n.(商品的)市场,销路,需求(数名词) market for… ……市场

The foreign markets for apple this year are not as good as last year.

Can you find a market for these shoes? 给这些鞋找到销路吗?

pipe n.(吹奏的)管乐器

pipe n. 通的东西, 水管道老爸的烟斗,或一节两通的竹子都可以pipe

 

glimpse n. 一瞥

have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼,映入眼帘(犹如汉语中的“惊鸿一瞥”) (无意识的看) glance at 扫了一眼(有意识)

 

movement n. 动作

move v. 移动(movement 的动词

action v. 采取行动

continue v. 继续

begin/start/continue to do sth. begin/start/continue doingsth. I continue (to go)/going on.

continue +sth.

 


 

Let's continue our trip. Let's continue our journey.

 

dance v. 跳舞

dance to the music 音乐跳舞(固搭配,用to

obviously adv.

obviously=clearly  Obviously you are wrong. Obviously I love you.

difference n.

tell the difference between A and B 区别差异

Can you tell the difference between them? different adj. 不同的

be different from ……不同

A is different from B

differ vi. 不一致,不同

Text

As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs. The snake, however, continued to 'dance' slowly. It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!

 

参考译文

我们穿过旧德里的市场时走了很一段路,  我们在一个广场来休息.  过了一会,  我们注意到广场的那一边有一个带两个大筐的耍蛇人, 于是走过去看看. 他一见我们, 拿起了一个长长上面镶有硬币的管乐器,  并掀开了一个筐的盖子.  他开始吹奏一曲子时,  我们才第一次看到那条蛇.  它从筐里探出身子,  乐器的摆动扭动.  耍蛇人突然又吹奏起爵士乐和现代流行乐曲时,  我们感到非常惊奇.然而那蛇却还是缓慢地 舞动 . , 它分辨不出印音乐和爵士乐!

 

【课文讲解】

1As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. stop to do sth.              其他活动去定式表示的动作

On the way to the station, I stopped to buy a paper. stop doing sth. 停止做某

 


I’ve stopped buying newspapers. 我已不再买报纸了。

How can we stop him complaining? 我们如何才能让他不怨呢?

2When he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. play a tunetune 数名词play musicmusic 数名词) have/get/catch a (first) glimpse of…              一瞥,一看

This afternoon I caught/got/had a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park. take a glimpse at 瞥见

He took a glimpse at theNo Parking’ signs outside Jasper’s gate and parked his car there. at the first sight 一见钟

I love you at the first sight of you.

 

3It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. riseroserisen vi.

raiseraisedraised vt. 提高

4We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs.

很少用very much 放在一起修饰surprise, very surprised most surprised

 

5It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!

tell 表示“辨、分辨、识”时常与 cancouldbe able to 用。表达这些意义时,tell 可以单独使用,也可以from 构成词组:

My son can already tell the difference between beer and wine.

=My son can already tell beer from wine. 子已经分辨出啤酒和葡萄酒了。表示两者之间的“差、差异”时常用 difference between

There’s a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen. What’s the difference between them?

有些下也可以不跟 between

It makes no difference whether you believe meor not. 你信不信我区别不大/谓。

 

 


Key structures


have +名词”代替普通动词

 


have +名词”代替普通动词表示“完成该动作”:have a bath=bathe have a swim=swimhave a

walk=walkhave a look=lookhave a rest=resthave a smell=smell ,类似的动词有 dancefightride talksleepwash

I had two dances with Lucy.

Jim and I have just had a long talk.

一个动词的后介词(如果这个动词是不物动词),动词能加什么样的介词,名词也可以加什么样的介词:

look at->have a look at walk across->have a walk across

succeed<v.> in doing sth.-> be successful<adj.> in->success<n.> in

 


Special difficultiesPick 的用法

pick up 拿起、捡起意外地找到地)学会开车去接

He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins. (拿起

The bicycle was picked up in a small village. (意外找到) pick sb. up (顺路)接人(meet sb.+ 接) I'll pick you up in the car this evening. 今晚我开车来接你.

pick up a lot of English =learn a lot of English

I picked up a lot of English while I was in England. (I learnt.)

在英国的时候我学到了不少英语.

pick up the radio program = the program on the radio 在广播收听节目

pick out 挑出,选出,辩认出

There are so many beautiful cards on display, I can't pick out the ones I like best. (I can't choose.) 陈列那么漂亮的明信片, 我挑不出最喜欢的.

When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most. Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother.

The thief was picked out by several people.

 

Multiple choice questions

2     The snake probably danced_ d       .

a. by listening to the Indian music b. by listening to the jazz

c. by looking at the snake charmer

d. by following the movements of the snake charmer's pipe by doing 通过做某,通过种方

I show him my respect by sending him flowers. 我通过向他送花来表示我对他的尊重

by train 乘火车

by the river 沿河边

by the end of… ……时候为止

3     We stopped at a square _ d _have arest.

a. so to  b. in order c. in order that d. in order to so as to 为了,表示目的

不存在“so to

in order 在秩序中, 有秩序的, 有次序的, 整洁的, 整齐的

Keep your room in order

in order to do sth. 为了……

in order that+ 为了……

7 It could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz. It _ d    .

a. might not b. may not c. must not d. wasn't able to might not = may not 可能不 ≠ can’t / couldn’t                           

must not 不准

wasn't able to = can’t =couldn’t 

 


【语法精粹】

1.  Julie went to the_ C   to buy a pair ofshoes.

A.shoes store B.shoe's store C.shoe store D.shoes' store

表示类的商店,用单数名词修饰

2. As a safety precaution,all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a    A  bill.

A.ten-dollar B.ten-dollars C.tens-dollar D.ten-dollar's cab drivers(美语)=taxi drivers()

bill 纸币

字符接的单词没有复数,字符单词做定,不会“’s”

 

3. Recently,he has lost all his  D  at cards. A.wage and saving B.wages and saving

C.wage and savings D.wages and savings wage 薪水(saving 积蓄(数)

4. I want  C .

A.a dollar worth candy B.candy a dollar's worth

C.a dollar's worth of candy  D.a dollar worth's candy a dollar's worth of… ……钱的东西

5. The surroundings a child grows up in usually A  an effect on hisdevelopment.

A.have B.had  C.do D.has have an effect on… ……有效果

grow up

in 接作用

the surroundings 主语 (surroundings n. 环境)a child grows up 语从修饰 “the surroundings”

孩子成的环境常常对他的发展有用一现在时

 


Lesson 43 Over the South Pole

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

pole n.(地球的)

flight n. 飞行

explorer n. 探险家

lie v.

serious adj. 严重的

point n.

seem v. 似乎

crash v. 坠毁

sack n. 袋子

clear v. 越过

aircraft n. 飞机

endless adj. 无尽的

plain n. 平原

pole n.(地球的)

the South Pole 南极the North Pole 

Pole Star 极星

flight n. 飞行

fly v.

explorer n. 探险家, 探测者, 探测器 []Windows 资源管

explore v.探险, 探测, 探究 exploration  n.(科研相关)探险,探求,开发 adventure  n.冒险(追求刺激)

venture] n.  冒险(为了财富,没有生保障)

lie v.

vi. (lay[lei]lain[lein]) ,位于(+)

The mountains lie below us now. The town lies to the east of London.

vi. (lay[lei]lain[lein]) 躺,(平)卧

lie 现在分词--> lying

stay in bed = lie in bed 躺在床

While I sat by the fire, my dog lay beside me.

vt.liedlied 撒谎

tell a lie 撒谎

You lied. = You lied to me.你骗人! 你撒谎! You,liar! , 骗子! (liar n.(惯于)说谎者)

 


n.谎言

lay laid,laid

vt. ,

lay sth.

vt. , 产卵

lay an egg 一个蛋hang

hunghung ,悬挂

hanghangedhanged 绞刑

point n.

point ,一指从飞机看的

placespot

sina.com 中的 “.” 读为 dot@读为 at

 

seem v. 似乎,看起来

seem + as if 看起来似乎……

He seems as if he had never lived in England before. seem + adj.

He seems rich. seem to be

He seems to be rich.

seem that… 看起来似乎……

It seems that he is rich.

 

crash v. 坠毁(从n. , 撞击声, 抵触

aircrash 空难 , carcrash 车祸

strike v. 撞击

collide vi.碰撞抵触(两个运动的东西)

 

clear v. 越过

clear v. (凌空、不接触地)越过跳过,没有接触的飞跃

clear the mountain 飞跃ft

The horse cleared the fense. fense n.篱笆,栅栏, v.,防护) over adv. 越过()

go over 飞跃

plain n. 平原

plain girl 平凡的女孩

I'm a plain girl. mountains n. 高ft

 


Text

In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.

 

参考译文

美国探险家 R.E. 伯德在飞越3 年之后, 1929 年第一次飞越了南极. 开始时伯德和他的助手们拍了飞机下面连绵群ft的大量照片, 但他们很快陷入了困境. 在有个地方, 飞机似乎肯要坠毁了. 只有在飞至 10,000 英尺的高, 它才飞过这些ft. 伯德马上命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉, 于是飞机可以上升了, 它在ft400 英尺的高飞越了过去. 伯德这时道他够顺利飞抵 300英里外的南极了, 因为前再没有ft了. 飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的色原野!

 

【课文讲解】

1 In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully

flew over the South Pole for the first time.

for the first time 第一次(time 表示“次,回”,还可以this timelast timenext timeanother timeeach timefor the last time

I remind you for the last time that if you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train. Give him these photos next time you see him.

 

2Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble.

though 引导步状语从,其含义是“虽然……,尽管……

Although/Though/Even though I felt sorry for him ,I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties.

我为他感到惋惜,但对他的困难我却暗自高兴。

take a photograph of… ……的照片

He took a photograph of his house before he left home.

run into trouble = get into trouble 遇到麻烦,陷入困境

Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help.

 

3At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.

at one point 一地方,在一时刻(point  指时间

At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter.他曾一度下决心要个画家。

it 为先行主语,真的主语为 that 引导的从it 作先行主语时经常与 seemappearlook 等连用:

It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off.

现在似乎可以会议将被推迟。

 


4It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. rise to … 升至……

5The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. by 表示“差,以……之差”的意思

I missed the train byten minutes. 我晚了 10 分钟,没赶火车。

He is younger than me by two years. 他比我小两岁。

Key structures

Can and Be able to

态助动词 can/could 用于表示请求人允许或答复时的:

Can/Could I borrow you pen? can 有时可以表示可能性

I can have lunch with your tomorrow if you like.

在表示天生的或学到的力时,can/could 用于现在时和过去时,can/could be able to 通常可以互换,表示将来的“力”时,则用 will be able to

I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen.

I tried again and found I could/was able to swim. Can Jane swim yet?

No, but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.

在谈到说话时在发生的事时,一不用 be able toLook! I can stand on my head.

在表示成功地完成一具动作时,通常不用 couldbe able to如果表示一动作没有取得成功,couldn’t

It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary.

Oh, didn’t you know? He was able to visit her after all.

He was able to leave Europe before the war began. 他在战争开始之前得以离开欧洲。

He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much.

在问过去一具活动时could,但回答是肯的时候则不Could he borrow a car?

Yes, he was able to borrow a car after all./No, he couldn’t.

 

Special Difficulties

含有介词 at 的词组

at 与许可以构成固词组,其中表示时间的有:at first(开始时,最初at once(马,立刻), at present(目前,现在),at last(最后,终于at times(有时at the moment(现在表示地的有: at home(在家),at school(在学校)表示程度的有:at least(至少at any rate(不管样)其它词组at heart心里,实际),at a loss(困惑不解,不知怎么办)

At any rate, I’m determined to stay here at present. At least, I’m not mad yet.

People have more money now, yet the temptationto to steal is greater than ever before. Why? I’m at a loss. Though he tried to made conversation with the lady, he wasn’t interested inher at heart.

 


Multiple choice questions

4     It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. This means it      a   over the mountains.

a. would succeed in getting b. got c. was able to get d. had got could 与过去时态有,强调可能性

be able to 强调成功地

got 用过去表达,表示在过去发生had got 过去完成时,强调在过去的过去

5     The plane was then able to rise. This means it _ d     .

a. could rise  b. might rise c. might succeed in rising d.rose could rise 可能,道结果

might rise 可能

might succeed in rising 可能成功地

rose 没有态单词,表示已经成为事实

6     Byrd knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole. It would be _ d      .

a. impossible  b.necessary c. able d. possible was/were able to 表示这个动作在过去成功地

will be able to =can 将来可能会成

 


Lesson 44 Through the forest

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

forest n. 森林

risk n. 危险,冒险

picnic n. 野餐

edge n. 边缘

strap n. 带,皮带

possession n.

breath n. 呼吸

contents n.(常用复数)有的物品

mend v.

risk n. 危险,冒险

n. 危险,风险

Is there much risk of losing money in doing football pols?

John took/ran the risk of damaging his bus and drove it into the back of the thieves’car.约翰冒撞坏他开的那辆公汽车的危险把它撞在了小偷们的车的后尾John saved me at the risk of his own life.              约翰冒危险救了我。

vt. ……危险,使……遭受危险

We’d better take a taxi. We can’t risk missing the plane. John risked his own life to save me.

 

breath n. 呼吸

out of breath 气不接waste one's breath  白费in one breath 片刻, 转眼间

He finished water in one breath. 他一口气把水喝完了. hold one's breath 呼 吸

bad breath 口 臭

You have a bad breath. 你有口臭.

 

contents n.(常用复数)有的物品(的东西) contents of the bag 包里的书

More contents! (口语) 在吃饭时要求再些饭菜时可以这样说. content n. (抽象)

content of the text 文章的

Text

Mrs. Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their

 


 

possession, both men started running through the trees. Mrs. Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. 'The strap needs mending,' said Mrs. Sterling later, 'but they did not steal anything.'

 

参考译文

.林夫人在穿过森林追赶两个男人时, 她并没有考虑到冒的风险. 刚才, 她和孩子们在森林边野餐的时候, 这两个人冲到她跟前, 企图抢走她的手提包. 在争抢中, 手提包的带断了, 包落入这两个人手里, 他们拔腿跑进了树林. 林夫人非常气愤, 他们追了过去. 只追了一会便气不接气了, 但她还是继续追赶. 她赶他们时, 发现他们已经坐了, 包里的东西. 于是她直冲过去. 这两个人吓了一跳, 提包逃跑了. “这提包带需要修, “林夫人事后说道, “不过他们什么没偷走. “

 

【课文讲解】

1Mrs. Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. think of…              考虑,思考

Have you ever thought of settleing down in this town? take a riskof doing ……风险

run after 追赶追随追求

The police are running after a thief. run behind 人后

I ran behind him. run to 跑向

2They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag.

rush up to sb. 冲向

up ,与说话人反方向down 方向同,与说话人同方向

go down 往前走,不用回

up to 可以表示地、时间“一直到……

The child ran up to his mother when he saw her. He worked up to nine o’clock in the evening.

have a picnic 野餐

at the edge of ……的边

The park lies at the edge of the town.

 

3In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees.

in one's possession = in the possessionof sb. 所拥……

I went out of the book shop with book in my possesion.

The house used to be in my possession, but now it is in the possession of an old lady.

 


4She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. out of breath 气不接气,喘不

Tom ran to the shop to get some salt for his mother. When he reached there, he was quite out of breath. continued to do sth.              着做……

5When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them.

go through (仔细地)搜查,在……中搜寻,浏览,翻看(较快的看) She went through her bag, but she couldn’t find her key.

catch up with sb. ,(强调结果) contents of the bag  包里的东西

run (straight) at at 强调瞄准,straight 相连都at

6'The strap needs mending,' said Mrs. Sterling later, 'but they did not steal anything.' need 作“需要”为讲时,后接的动名词有被动的含义。

letter writing

信封的地址的书写方:收信人的姓名和地址必须在信封的中央,称呼总是和姓名在一起的:

Mr. James ThompsonJames Thompson Esq.Miss H. ThompsonMrs. D ThompsonMr. and Mrs. J.

Thompson,

Esq. Esquire 写信时对男的尊称(放在人名的后)同于  Mr. 但位不同

Mr.and Mrs.(),一夫妇一起邀请

先写人名,再写地址,写信人的地址写在信封背,或放在信中

 

 


Key structures

1、动名词可以做主语、宾语、介词宾语Washing the car made me tired.

Before leaving the office, he gave me a book. I am very keen on cycling.


动名词

 


He sat there withoutsaying anything. 他坐在那里一言不发.

That’s no excuse for not mending the chair! 这不是你不修椅子的借口!

2、动名词还可以用于“动词+介词”之后

look forward to doing sth. 期待、盼望做某

I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow. be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某

I am accustomed to getting up early. 我习惯. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某

I am used to gettingup early. 我习惯.

比较:I used to get up early but I don't anymore. 我过去常, 但现在不再起了

devote to doing sth. 奉献给, ……奉献给……

devote oneself to doing sth. (全身心投入做某)

 


 

She devotes herself to teaching.

My mother devotes herself to doing homework. object to doing sth. 反对做某

I object to eating out. 我反对在外吃饭.

get/be tired of doing sth. ……厌烦, 作为系动词 get be 替换

believe in 信任,信仰

believe in + sb. 表示信任,信仰

believe in + doing sth. 表示我的信条是...

I belive in taking it easy. take it easy 轻松,放松,慢慢来

accuse sb. of doing sth. 事控告人(accuse  vt. 控告指控

The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪.

3、在 startbegincontinue ,既可以用不定式可以用动名词,区别不大:

I began to learn/learning English two years ago.

4、在 lovelikeprefer 动词后,用不定式和动名词意义有所区别

hate,love,like+doing sth.  表示一种习惯(always) hate,love,like+to do sth. 表示一次的行为(now)

would love /like to do sth. 表示想要, 习惯于在前面加 would

餐厅服务员习惯会问: “Would you like to…?”不会用 “Do you like…?”,他只心你现在想吃什么,

不管你平常吃什么。

I hate to do sth.… 不喜欢……

I hate to say I have no money , but I really need some. 说明这个人要向你借钱了

I hate to say but I really have something important to do.

你想拒绝人的邀请时用的

prefer…to…结构中只用动名词

Why don’t you drive to work instead of walking? I prefer walking to driving.

5、在 needwant 之后,动名词形具有被动的含义,相当于被动的不定式如果体做主语,可以直接动词-ing,表达被动的含义

Myshirt is torn. It needs mending. 我的衬衫撕破了, 需要缝补.

Those windows are dirty. Theywant washing. 那些窗户很脏需要洗刷.

 

 

Special Difficultiescatch and run

catch 主要意思是“抓、捉、逮”,但有时可以表示“(时)赶、追

He ran quickly to catch the last bus home.

When she caught up with them, she saw that they were going through the contents of the bag.

run 的本意是“跑”,后面加上不同的小品词可以表达“追赶,逃跑”等多种含义:

She has run off with all his money. The man ran away with her bag.

 

Mutiple choice questions

4  They were going through the contents of the bag.     c  she ran straight at them.

 


 

a. For this b. That's because c. That's why d. That's so that's 后一般加特问词引导的从,或 that's all

for 加句子的时候, 习惯放在主之后,表示“由于由”,不说for this for this reason

 

5  They got such a fright. They were    c  .

a.so frightful b.such frightened c.so frightened d.such fright so +adj./adv.such +n. d 应为 such a fright

frightful=terrible adj. 糟糕

frightened adj. 感到害怕的

6  The strap needs mending. It    b  .

a. has mended b. has to be mended c. has been mended d. has been mending

 

10 They tried to steal her handbag. They tried to     a  her of her handbag.

a. rob b. steal c. be robbed d. be stolen

steal 面加物(steal sth. from sb.rob 的后面加人(rob sb. of sth.

8 She took a risk. What she did was    a  .

a.dangerous b.brave c.clever d.stupid

这里 what 类似于汉语中的 兼语的概念,what=the thing that The thing that/which surprised me is that my brother will come.

=What surprised me is that my brother will come. (更多用这种表达) What I said is true. 说的话是真的

That is what I heard. 是我听到的事

What I saw made me sad. What you said made me sad.

 


Lesson 45 A clear conscience

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

clear adj. 无罪的,不亏心的

conscience n. 良心,道德心

wallet n. 皮夹,钱夹

savings n.

villager n. 村民

per cent 百分之……

conscience n. 良心, 道德心

a clear conscience 问心无愧

I have a clear conscience. 我问心无愧

a guilty/bad conscience 问心有愧 (guilty adj.犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虚的) I have a guilty conscience.  我问心有愧

wallet  n. 皮夹, 钱夹 (指的是男用的那种皮夹) purse n. 钱包(女士用)

handbag n. 手袋

billfold n. 皮夹, 钱包(美语) (意为纸币折叠形成的, 很形象)

savings n.

savings account 账号(有利息的, 象活期存) checking account (没有利息)

deposit n.

deposit account (有利息期存)

ATM auto teller machine 自动取

self-service machine 自助银行

cash card 

IC interchange 高速公路转换出入口

integrate circuit []集成电路,计数器

per cent 百分之……

three per cent 百分之三

Text

The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!' Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with

 


 

another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'

 

参考译文

整个村子很快, 有一大钱丢失了. 地的屠户萨姆.本顿在把存送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了. 萨姆确信那钱包一是被个村民捡到了, 是却不见有人来送还给他. 3 个月过去了, 后来在一天, 姆在自的大门外发现了他的钱包. 钱包是用报纸包, 有他丢失的钱的一半, 且还附一张纸条,上面:一个小偷, 是的, 但只是一个 50%的小偷!” 又过了两个月, 又有一些钱送还给了萨姆, 又附了一张字条 :这回只是 25%的小偷了!” 很快, 萨姆全部的钱用同样的方还了回来. 最后的那张字条写道 : “我现在是一个 100%的诚实人了!”

 

【课文讲解】

1A clear conscience 问心无

a clear conscience 译为“清的良心”,相当a good conscience,反义词a bad conscience(感到

2The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.

village 在这里为总称,指“村民”,the whole village 指“全村的人”,后通常跟单数动词(有时也可视为复数)

The whole village was excited by news. learn v. ,获悉

the whole world learnt… 全世界都知……

I’ve just learnt that she was ill.

a large sum of… 一大笔……

3Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.

while doing 是现在分词语用于词之后,作用相当于一个时间状语从。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个,并且这两个动作通常是同时发生(即这话一要是进行时态。如果主语不 一致则必须用从

话完整的应为: while he was taking his savings…

 

4Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. must have done 表示对过去的推测must have been done 表示对过去被动的推测

5Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.

三种表示一段时间,另外一件事发生的方

…passed, and then

some time later

some time passed before…

 

6 It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!'

 


wrap up 包裹

It had been wrapped up in newspaper by somebody. (用报纸包用 in,不by)

half the money =half ofthe money 钱的一半(half 直接在名词前表示 一半

half an hour 半个小时 , half a year 半年

Half the bread/half of the bread was bad.

together with… = with… 随它一起的还有……(介词语作状语

I with my sonwent there. 我带我的子去了

My son and Iwent there. 我和我子去那里。

a note said… 纸条…… the picture said…  图片…… newspaper said…   报纸……

7Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!' some more money              又有一些钱 (more , )

 

8In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way.

in time = in the end 最终,最后,经过一段时间

In time, he found all the books he needed. I’ll tell you everything in time.

pay back 还回来

in the way 这种方

You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secrtary in time.

 

Special DifficultiesSteal and Rob

steal something from someone or somewhere(从人或某处

steal (sth.) from (sb.) steal 后跟(被偷)

The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well. Someone has stolen my bag from me.

rob someone of something a buildinga blanka houseetc. 抢(人的大楼、银行、房子

rob (sb.) of (sth.) rob 后跟人或地方

I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag. The police have caught the men who robbed the bank.

 

Pay back

偿还

Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.

报答……报复(pay sb. back

You’ve been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?

I’ll pay you back for what you did to me. 你对我这样,我一会报仇的。

 


He embarrassed me at the party. I’ll pay him back someday.

 

Multiple choice questions

3 Sam was taking his savings to the post office    a  he lost his wallet. a.when b.while c.as  d.just as

while doing 两者同时发生(while sb. was doing 当……时候),whileasas 同于 while的地

就可以when,反之则不一when 后的时间表达即可以也可以是段while 后的时间表达只可以是段

7 Some more money was sent to Sam. Sam    c  some more money.

a. sent b. has sent c. was sent d. had sent

send/take/give sb. sth. send=take/give双宾语一动词最近的宾语来被语动态的主语

sent sb. sth. -> 变被动 sb. be sent sth.

send sth. to sb. -> 变被动  sth. be sent to sb.

 

9  The thief had _ c_ the wallet in newspaper.

a.wound  b.rolled c.wrapped d.bound wind v. 蜿蜒(主要指道路)

roll v. 卷起来,如:滚雪球

spring roll 春卷

bound v. 弹跳,球类的弹跳

10  How much did it contain? How much   b  ?

a. did it consist b. was there in it c. did it include d. had it contain/container 与容器有,或类似于容器的东西的包含

include 指一种抽象的包含

 

12   b_ , all Sam's money was returned.

a. At times b. After a time c. With the times d. A longtime a time 一段时间, 不译为 一次” , 一次用 “once”

for a long time

after a time = after some time

 


Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

unload v. 卸(货

wooden adj. 木制的

extremely adv. 非常,极其

occur v. 发生

astonish v. 使惊讶

pile n.

woollen n. 羊毛的

goods n. (常用复数)货物,商品

discover v. 发现

admit v.

confine v. 在(一个狭小的空间里

normal adj. 常的,通常的

unload v. 卸(货

load v. 装货

extremely adv. 非常, 极其

extremely  把一个形容词或副词推到了极,达到了无程度

I am extremely tired. 我累极了

occur vi. 发生

vi. 发生

When did the accident occur

vi. 被想起,被想到

It occured to sb. that 人想起了……

It occured to me that I didn't finish my homework. 我想起我还没完成作业

It occurs to sb. to do sth. 人想起了……

It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.

突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看

sth. occur to sb. 突然想起件事 (从后往前)

A good idea occured to me. = I have a goodidea.

 

happen vi. 发生

What happened/occured ?

It happened to me 这件事发生在我身

What happened to the clavichord?

What happened to you? = What's wrong with you? 什么事发生在你身?

 

astonish vt. 使惊讶

 


如果一个动词跟人的绪有,则它的宾语是人,其形容词有两个:ing-ed  astonishing adj. 人惊讶 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的

I am surprised.-->astonished-->astounded-->shocked 惊讶程度递增

surprise 最常用,但意思肤浅

astonished 以置信的事

astound  vt. 使惊骇, 使大吃一惊 (非常吃惊, 目瞪口呆) shock 不快的事

discover  v. 发现 (属于那种前你不道的事现在道了) discovery n. 探索,发现

admit v.

vt. 认,供认

admit sth. / admit doing sth. 做某

I admit having lunch. admit that… ……

Sally admitted that she had used your dictionary. deny sth. /deny doing sth. 拒绝做……

vt. 准许……进入,准许……加

Without a ticket you won’t be admitted into cinema. They won’t admit him into/to the government.

 

confine v. 在或局个地方(一个狭小的空间里) sb. was confined to + 人被个地方

sb. was confined to the room.

 

Text

When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of wooden goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is $2,000!

参考译文

一架来自伦敦的飞机抵达悉尼机场时, 工人们开始卸装有服装的一批木箱. 其中有只箱子特别,可谁也弄不清是么回事. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看. 看到的景使吃惊, 有一个人躺在一堆毛织品之. 他由于被人发现感到非常吃惊, 甚至没有企图逃跑. 此人被逮捕后, 认他是在飞机开伦敦前躲进箱里的. 他经历了一次漫长而又难受的旅, 因为他在那木箱里闷了 18 小时. 此人被责3,500 英镑, 而正常票2,000 英镑!

 


【课文讲解】

1Expensive and uncomfortable

It is too expensive! 贵得人不接受

The book is dear. 这本书有dear adj.昂贵的, 亲爱的

2When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.

a number of… ,若干……

You’ve made a number of mistakes in typing this letter.

unload 的含义为“卸(货)”,它的反义词为 load(装货。与形容词 uncomfortableunsmiling 等相似,有些动词前缀 un 可以表示做相反的动作。

clothing 服装的总称,不数名词,在分类时强调衣服这一种类,可以包括鞋、帽等;clothes 指衣服,表示"衣服"的单数名词的复数形, 表示许衣服。

3 No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. No one could account for thefact that…              谁也弄不清楚……这样一个事实 No one knows…   没有人……

account for = explain= give the explanation  说明原因、作出说明(或解释,但区别account 的解释必须是人满意的,explain 却只要是一个解释

The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison’s decision to leave the country. How do you account for the battered car?

that 的从fact 的同位语从,说明 fact 的具体内容。

一个子跟在一个名词后,可以语从也可以是同位语从。两者的区别是同位语从后的 that是起解释说明的作用,而定语从是起修饰作用that 在从主语或宾语成分,则是语从that 中不能做主语或宾语成分,则是同位语从

My friend Lucy  同位语

He couldn’t explain the fact that Mary’s wallet was found in his room.

 

4It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. sth. occurred to sb. 人想起

open up 打开

When he received the gifts, he opened them up at once.

 

5He was astonished at what he found.

sb. be astonished at sth. 事使/让某人吃惊

Sam appears astonished at the news/sound.

what 引导名词作介词 at 的宾语,what = the thing which/that…

 

6A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of wooden goods. a pile of 一堆……

piles of snow 一堆堆的雪

on top of ……(与顶端有接触

 


at the top of ……上方(at the top of 之前的词属于其之后的词的范围之

 


7He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.

have a trip = go on a trip

be confined to ……限制起来

Last weekend, Tom’s mother confined him to his room. for 在文中这里强调事实, 非原因

over = more than

 

8The man was ordered to pay $3,500 for the cost of the trip. payfor ……付钱,为……付出代

She paid $50 for that dress.

cost of… ……的花,

the cost of government 政府开

Key structures

to, at, for with 连用的动词

to 连用的动词:accustom(ed) to(习惯于amount to(达到)appeal to(呼吁apply to /for(适用于)attach(ed) to(附属于attend to(参belong to(属于challenge to(向……提出挑战compare to /with(比较condemn(ed) to(判刑confess toconfine toconsent to(同意)convert to(改信(宗教)entitle(d) to(享有权利)listen to(听mention to(提到object to(反对)occur to(想到 prefer to喜欢)react to /against(对……反应reply to(回答respond to(响应see to(注意submit to(服从于)surrender to(向……投降turn to(转向yield to(屈服)。

I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers.

Will you see to this flower while I’m away? 我不在的时候你照看一这花好吗?

I shall see to the dinner tonight. 今晚我晚饭。

at 连用的动词:amused at/by(对……感到有趣)arrive at/in(到达astonish (ed) at/ by(感到惊愕 exclaim at(惊叫glance at(对……看一眼guess at(猜测)knock at(敲look at(看point at/to

(指向shock(ed) at / by(感到震惊)stare at(盯着……surprise(d) at /by(感到惊讶wonder at/about

(感到惊异work at/on(钻研

at 通常用于表达感的一些词之后,并且这些词往往用被动语态,at 用于其它动词之后一为主动语态。

He was astonished at what he found.

Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.

for 连用的动词:account for(说明(原因)ask for/of 请求)act for/on(代表apologize for(因……道歉)blame for(责备)beg for(乞求)call for(需要charge for(收exchange for(交换)hope for(希望)look for(寻找mistake for(误认为)mourn for(哀悼pay for(为……付款prepare for(准备provide for(提供search for(寻求thank for(感谢vote for/on 投票wait for/on

He was searched for the stolen money.

Can you account for his strange behavious?

with 连用的动词:agree with(同意begin with以……开始communicate with(与……联络 compare with/to(与……比较compete with/against(同……竞争comply with(同意confuse

 


with(误作contrast with/to(形成对照)cope with(对correspond with(与……一致disgust(ed) with

(使……讨厌finish with(完成help with/ in(帮助interfere with/in(干扰mix with(混合occupy(ied) with(从事于part with(放弃please(d) with(对……满意)quarrel with/about(争论reason with(规satisfy (fied) with/by(感到满足threaten (ed) with(威胁)。

I’m pleased with this room.

Sam used to mix withthose people. 萨姆过去常与那些人交往。

We’ll begin with the exercises. 我们从练习开始。

Multiple choice questions

2 The man had hidden in the box    c  .

a. to get to Sydney b. because it contained woollen goods

c. to avoid paying the fare from London to Sydney

d. because no one would find him because 面加原因to 面加目的 avoid doing sth. 避免做某

fare n.  ,乘坐的交通工具的

4 Which boxes contained clothing? _ d   .

a.The wooden  b. The wood  c. The woody ones d. The woodenones the wooden  the wood              (表示木制的东西wooden

woody adj. 树木的, 木本的, 头般, 木制的

 


Lesson 47 A thirsty ghost

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

thirsty adj. 贪杯的

ghost n. 鬼魂

haunt v. (鬼)来访,闹鬼

block v.

furniture n. 家具

whisky n. 威士忌酒

suggest v. 暗示

shake v. 摇动

accept v. 接受

thirsty adj. 贪杯的adj. 渴的

be thirsty for = be hungry for 渴望得到(如饥似渴)

I am thirsty for the book.

 

ghost n. 鬼魂

ghost 强调魂,并不是邪恶的象征 Ghost--- 片《人鬼未了》的英文名

haunt v. ()来访, 闹鬼

haunt=visit 但不应用于人的拜访,只ghost the ghost haunt 闹鬼

The ghost haunted the house. 这个房子闹鬼

block v.

The pipe was blocked.

 

furniture n. 家具, 设备, 储藏物(不数名词

a piece of furniture 一件家具

a set of furniture 一套家具

whisky n. 威士忌酒

Scotch n. 一种上等的威士忌

wine n. 果酒,如葡萄酒,石榴酒

beer n. 啤酒

brandy n. 兰地

suggest v. 暗示

vt. 暗示,(间接地)表明

His silence suggested that he knew something about the man.

vt. 建议,提议

 


suggest +that

I suggest that we meet at the restaurant. suggest +doing sth.

I suggest meeting at the restaurant.

 

shakeshookshaken v. 摇动

vt.&vi. 摇,摇动,抖动

Mr. Thompson shook his head.

His hands appear to be shaking. 他的手看去在发抖。

vt. ……握手

Dan shook hands with him.

=Dan shook him by the hand/shook his hand.

 

accept v. 接受

accept = receive sth.with pleasure

Text

A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale. Mr.Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted. He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr.Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr.Thompson shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.

参考译文

伊恩.汤普森先生最近才买的一个小酒店现在又要卖出去. 汤普森先生之所以想卖它, 是因为那里常闹鬼. 他告诉我有天夜里他睡不, 因为他听到酒吧里传来一阵奇怪的响声. 第二天, 他发现酒吧间的门被椅子堵, 家具被挪动过. 汤普森临睡觉时把灯, 晨灯却. 他还说他发现了 5 只空的威士忌瓶子, 是鬼魂昨天晚喝的. 我暗示说一是村里有些人来喝不花钱的酒时,汤普森先生摇了摇. 村里的人已经告诉他, 即使他把小酒店送人, 他们不要.

 

【课文讲解】

1A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale. a public house 酒吧、酒店,口语缩略为 pub

up for sale 有待出售,供出售(up 为形容词,“已提出的,供……

be up for 有待于……,为了一目的

This problem is up for discussion.这个问有待于讨论 on sale 打折卖

for sale 拿出来卖的

 


2He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. hear sb.doing sth.              听见做某

在一些表示感觉的动词如 seehearfeelwatchnotice 之后,往往用动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这个结构,其宾语补足语既可以是不定式(通常不to),也可以是现在分词,两者在意义上区别不大,现在分词表示动作在发生,不定式则表示动作发生了:

I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听到有人在敲门。

I heard you sing this song yesterday. 昨天我听到你唱这歌。

bar 为酒吧或酒店中卖酒的柜台

3Though Mr.Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. on 为形容词,表示“开的,接通的”,其反义词为off

When he arrived home, he found that all the lights were on/off.

Is the TV on? I thought I had turned it offturn off 

4He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. the night before 前一天晚last night 昨天晚

the week before 前一个星期 , last week 个星期

the day before 前一天 , yesterday 昨天

the next day 一天 , tomorrow 明天

直接引语变成间接引语时间状语要改变。now——>thenlast night——>the night beforetwo days ago

——>two days before/earliertoday——>that daytonight——>that nighttomorrow——>the next/following daylast night——>the night before

5When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr.Thompson shook his head. for 表目的,a free drink              饮料

shake one's head ,表示异议

nod one's head 点头

6The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away. even if he gives it away 即使他送人

even if 即使,它引导的步状语从含有很强的假定性

I won’t have dinner with him even if he pays for it. give away 捐献,免的送,赠送

He gave all his books away to the library.

 

Multiple choice questions

7 The ghost must have drunk the whisky. In Mr. Thompson's opinion, the ghost     a  whisky. a.must drink b.has got to drink              c.has to drink              d.should drink

in one's opinion 就某人看来,以某人观人认为I think…太过强调个人的主观,

 


in one's opinion 更让人接受

have to=have got to

should  可以态代词,表应该,不表示推测

It's too late,I should go home. 太晚了,我要回家了. must+ v.(原型) 必须做;可能做

 


Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something?

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

pull v.

cotton wool 药棉

collect v. 搜集

collection n. 收藏品,收集品

nod v. 点头

meanwhile adv. 同时

pull v.

vt.&vi.  拉,拖,牵,扯(反义push vt.

I felt someone pulling my arm. pull one's leg 人玩笑

You are pulling my leg. 你在开我玩笑

Don't pull my legany more. 不要再开我玩笑

You are kidding. 你在开玩笑

No kidding! 不要开玩笑了!

You are joking. joke n.笑话, 玩笑 v.(……)开玩笑

vt.&vi. 拔,抽

You’re pulled out the wrong teeth!

He pulled an address book from his pocket.

 

collect v. 搜集

 

collection

n. 收藏品, 收集品

 

collect salary

领工资collect money

筹集资金

collect stamp

集邮collect children

收养孩子

nod v. 点头

vt.&vi. 点头点头示意/招呼

I asked him if he wanted to come and he nodded his head. When we meet each other in the office, he always nods at me.

vi. 打盹,打瞌睡(常与 off

He used to nod off during the French class.

As he was very tired, he nodded over his reading.

因为他很累,所以他一边看书一边打盹。

meanwhile adv. 同时

meanwhile = at the same time = in the same time

however 一样,能连接两个,但是意思接概念

 


Text

Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool. He knew I collected match boxes and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.

参考译文

牙科医生们总是在你无作出回答的时候向你提出问. 我的牙科医生刚刚给我拔掉了一颗牙, 叫我休息一会. 我想说什么, 但我嘴里塞满了药棉. 道我收集火柴盒, 于是问我收藏的米柴盒是否在增. 他又问我的兄弟近来如何, 问我是否喜欢伦敦的新工作. 作为对这些问的回答, 我不是点头, 发出奇怪的声音. 与此同时, 我的舌头正在忙寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口. 突然非常急起来, 但却什么说不出来. 那位牙医最后将药棉从我嘴中取出时, 我总算有可能告诉他, 他拔错了牙.

 

【课文讲解】

1Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. impossible 通常不人作主语,而以定式或从作主语:

It is impossible for him to help you. =It is impossible that he will help you.

 

2In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. in answer to… 作为对……的回答响应……的请求

In answer to my request, he wrote a letter to George. 应我的请求,他给乔治写了封信。

in return for 作为对……的报答

3Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. meanwihile 在此期间,与此同时

He won’t come until ten o’clock. Meanwhile you can have a rest.

Mary was talking to me about her new dress. Meanwhile I was thinking about something else. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某

search out 找出,搜寻

Have you searched out the books I needed? where = 介 词 + which

That is the house which I lived in. 这是我的房子

=That is the house where I lived.

where 称为系副词,另外还有 when 系副词

This is the river where I swim. where 语从的标志,修饰前river

The tooth had been in the hole. (in the hole = where)

 

4When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that

 


 

he had pulled out the wrong tooth.

remove 可以表示“拿去,除去,去掉”,通常结构为“remove +名词 +from”,也可以单独使用: I’ve removed that picture from the wall.

Please remove your hat.

 

Multiple choice questions

11 Meanwhile my tongue was busy….    b  my tongue was busy…

a. However b. In the mean time c. Nevertheless d.Although meanwhile=at the same time =in the mean time

 


Lesson 49 The end of a dream

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

tired adj. 厌烦的

real adj.

owner n. 主人

spring n. 弹簧

mattress n. 床垫

gust n. 一阵风

sweep v. 扫,刮

courtyard n. 院子

smash v. 碰碎,摔碎

miraculously adv. 奇迹

unhurt adj. 没有受伤的

glance v. 扫视

promptly adv. 迅速地

tired adj. 厌烦的

be/get tired of sth./doing sth. 讨厌做某

real adj. (强调东西不是假的)

true adj. 真挚, 真诚, 符合标准 (强调符合个标准) real man 真人true man 男子汉,好汉

spring  n. 弹簧 spring n. 春天泉水 fountain n. 人工喷泉

mattress  n. 床垫 mat n. 垫子 (如杯垫) cushion  n. 座垫

gust n. 一阵(阵)

a gust of anger (一阵)无名火 breeze n. 微风

gale n. 大风,(发的)一阵风(风力比 gust

wind n. 风的总称

sweep (swept[swept],swept)  n. 扫刮

vt. 扫,打扫

She sweeps the floor/the room every morning.

 


vt. (风)吹

 


A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. sweep sth. away ……刮走

The newspaper has been swept away by the wind. blow v.

smash v. 碰碎, 摔碎

vt.&vi. 打碎,摔碎,(使)碎裂

The cup smashed on the floor.

smash sth. into pieces ……摔成碎片

The bed was smashed to piece. crash v. 受挤压变碎

The egg is easy to crash.

cut sth. into pieces 切碎, 剪碎

tear sth. into pieces 撕碎

break v. 打碎

crack v. 裂开不碎

vt.&vi. 重击,殴打,猛砸/

Why didn’t you smash the man with your fist? A car smashed into the wall.

 

courtyard n. 院子 court n. 院子,庭院;法yard  n. 院子

backyard n. 后院

glance  v. 扫视

glance at 扫了一眼(有意识地看

glare at (生气的) stare at 

gaze at (神往羡慕地看)

 

promptly adv. 迅速地

promptlyat once, immediately

 

Text

Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put

 


 

it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.

 

参考译文

德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦, 于是积蓄年买了一张真的床. 他平生第一次自豪地有了一张既有弹簧又带床垫的床. 由于天气很, 他便把床搬到了他的屋顶. 两天晚, 他睡得非常好. 但第三天晚起了风暴. 一阵大风把床从屋顶刮了, 把它摔碎在下面的院子里. 那年轻人直到床撞到地才醒了过来. 尽管床摔成了碎片, 但年轻人却奇迹地没有受伤. 他醒来时, 躺在床垫. 年轻人看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片, 伤心地捡起了床垫, 把它拿进了屋. 他把床垫往地板一放, 很快又.

 

【课文讲解】

1Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.

be tired of ……感到厌倦,在这话里省略了现在分词 being,用形容词语直接原因状语,其作用相当于原因状语从as he was tired of…

I always go to bed hungry. (用形容词直接状语

Worried about my daughter, Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy. I went home. I am tired. => I went home tired

I went home excited. save up 攒钱,储蓄

I want to get married in one or two years, so I’m trying to save (some money) up.

 

2For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. for the first time in one's life              平生第一次

He became the proud father of a baby. 我自豪的成为一个孩子的父亲了.

 

3Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.

on toonto 类似与 in tointo用于表示动作方向不用于表示静态的位,不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“on”(上面)的概念。onto/on to 有时on 代替,但表示位on onto 代替:

Lift sth. on to the cart.

I put the pen onto/on the table.

The pen is on the table. (不onto/on to

Mr. Thompson is jumped onto the stage. 汤普森先生跳了台

Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage. 汤普森先生在台跳了跳。

4He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. for the first two nights 两天晚

I study hard for the first three days.

for the last three nights 最后三天晚

blow up <adv.> 风越刮越大(程度加深)指暴风雨)出现并刮起

speak up 大声

 


5A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. gust 表示“一阵强风,一阵狂风”,既单独使用,也可a gust of wind

A gust (of wind) blew my hat off.

She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.

然当时阵阵狂风吹,她还是出发了。

off = down/away from

below 直接放在被修饰词之后作

crashing into the courtyard below 是现在分词语,作宾语补足语。crash (不物动词)直接用主动形

smash物动词)用被动

一个子中不出现两个动词,如果出现了两个动词,要用 and but 或者把其中一个作为                           谓语动词 to do(表目的)-ed(表被动)-ing(表主动)

6The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.

not…until 表示“直到……才”,until 没有 not 时,与表示一段时间的“持续动词”not

时,常用表示一时间的动词(或瞬间动词)用:

I’ll stay here until Monday. 我要在这呆到星期一。

I won’t leave until Monday. 我要到星期一才开。

7Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. although 尽管though ,意义差不出现

to pieces 粉碎地,成碎片地

The cup was broken to pieces.

 

8 Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.

glancing 为现在分词,引导的相当于一个时间状语从after he glanced at…。动词的 ing 强调一个名词之间的主动系。

glance v. 看一眼,扫视

Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.

乔一边和我天,一边浏览报纸。

bits = pieces

lie (laylain) 物动词,后around”,不说成“lay him

letter writing

数书信都以dear”开,后接姓名,“dear”这个词一要在信纸的左手边顶格。第二行如要退格是退 5 个字符, 现在西方是顶格写。

 

 


Key structures


复合句的语序

 


复合句可用两种方构成:一是用词把从与主句连接起来二是用分词结构或不定式

1、用接的复合

在复合中,从句可以是名词从(即起名词的作用。在子中,它可以作主语、宾语或 be 动词的表语,一that 引导,有时what问词引导的除外)

 


I know (that) the meeting will be put off.

句可以系(或形容词)从系代词通常有 whowhomthatwhich whose

句可以是状语(或副词时间状语词有 whenafterbeforeas soon asuntilwhileassince 等;状语从词有 whereeverywhereanywhere 等;状语从句连词有 as in the way (that)状语从在动词 befeelseemappear 面也可以as if as though 来引导原因状语从becauseas 引导条件状语从 if 其他词引导步状语从使子具有对比的因素,它们一 althoughthougheven thougheven if 引导目的状语从so thatin order that 等连词引导结果状语从描述结果, so+形容词+that 引导,也可 such (a) +形容词) +名词 + that 来引导比较状语从结构包括 as +形容词/副词 + asnot so/as as,形容词/副词的比较级

+thanmore…thanless…than

He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.

With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100. Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now.

As you can’t go yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan go for you.

你自去,那你请苏珊替你去吧。

2、分词结构的复合

用现在分词结构可以代替时间从、原因从系从句等,现在分词结构的这种用于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从时,分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前,则分词结构要位于主 语如果两个动作同时发生,那么分词结构既可以位于主前,也可以位于主后。分词结构位于主时,要用逗号隔开。

I got very angry speaking to them.

Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.

Following his mom, he went there.(主动概念, 他母亲去了那)

②  过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文,往往代替被动语态

Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.

Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带去了那) 3、不定式结构的复合

这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从

To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.

 

Multiple choice questions

3   b  the hot weather, he couldn't sleep indoors.

a. Because b. Because of c. As d. For becauseasfor+子,不能加词组because of +名词 因为……

5 How    b_ did he sleep?

a. good b. well c. good d. nice how 对形容词或者副词提问

He slept well.  how 程度副词提问

The tree is tall. How tall is the tree?

He sang songs beautifully. How beautifully did he sing?

 

6Where was the courtyard? C

 


 

a. Down.  b. Under. c. Below. d. Bottom. down adv. ……下()

go down, sit down under 介词必须宾语

below adv. 下面, 表示一种状态

bottom n. 下面

7He looked at the bits of wood and metal     c  around him.

a. laying  b. laid c. lying d. lied laying(lay) vt. lay the egg()

lying(lie vi.   lie in bed) lieliedlied 撒谎

过去分词属于非谓语动词做定语时与被修饰词形成被动

8 A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blew very _ a_ .

a. hard  b. fast c. quickly d. soon a gust of wind 一阵风

hard 修饰动词, 表示程度

study hard 努力学习

9 The bed crashed into the courtyard. It _ c_ the courtyard.

a. smashed  b. knocked  c. struck d.exploded crash vi., 摔碎smash               vt. 摔碎knock              v. 敲击explode                            v. 爆炸struck              v. 撞击

11 He glanced at the bits of wood and metal. He    a  the bits of wood and metal.

a. looked quickly at b. had a glimpse of c. stared at d.watched glance at (漫不经心的)扫视,(主动的看)

look quickly at 快速地看

had a glimpse of (无意识的)

stare at 

watch 注视, 密切

 


Lesson 50 Taken for a ride

New words and expressions】生词和短语4

ride n. 旅行

excursion n. 远足

conductor n. 售票员

view n. 景色

ride n. 旅行(不走路的v. (, )

trip n.(出差的)旅行(旅行地方不远或呆的时间不travel n.(周游世界的)旅行

journey  n.(陆地的)旅行 flight n.(空中)旅行

voyage n.(海旅行

tour n. 游玩

sightseeing n. 观光游

excursion n. 远足,游玩, 郊游(不会很远) weekend's excursion 周末游

a day's excursion 一日游

Tomorrow we will have a day's excursion.

 

view n. 景色(主观较强)

in one's viewin one's opinion 就某人看来

sight n. 景色, 视线, 视野(强调客观)

Can I have a room with a good view?

 

Text

I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.

I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.

'I'm going to Woodford Green,' I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, 'but I don't know where it is.' 'I'll tell you where to get off.' answered the conductor.

I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. After some time, the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.

'You'll have to get off here,' the conductor said. 'This is as far as we go.' 'Is this Woodford Green?' I asked.

'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.' 'It doesn't matter,' I said. 'I'll get off here.'

'We're going back now,' said the conductor.

'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.

 


参考译文

我喜欢在乡间旅行, 但却不意迷路. 最近我作了一次途旅行, 但这次旅行的时间比我预计的要.

我要去伍德福德草地, “我一对售票员说, “但我不道它在哪. “ “我来告诉您在哪儿下, “售票员回答说.

我坐在汽车的前部, 便饱览农村风光. 过了一些时候, 车停了. 我环视了一身旁, 惊奇地发现车里

只剩我一个乘客了.

您得在这里, “售票员说, “我们的车到此为止了. “ “这里是伍德福德草地吗?我问道.

哎呀, “售票员突然, “我忘了车了. “

, “我说, “在这儿下. “ “我们现在要返回去, “售票员说.

好吧, 如此, 我还是留在车. “我回答说.

 

【课文讲解】

1Taken for a ride

take…for… ……当……

taken for a ride 就当作是一次兜风

take sb. for a ride 欺骗

taken for 上当

2I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way. love/ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事(强调一种习惯)

I love my brother, but I don't like his girlfriend.

I love having dinner with you, but I don't like paying for dinner. lose one’s way 迷路

3I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected. go on an excursion have an excursion              作一次的旅行

go on 进行,为(一目的)

I’ll go on holiday next month. Did you go on a trip last month?

take sb. some time 费某少时间

My trip took me a long time.

It takes sb. some time todo sth. 费某少时间

It took me a month to learn book 2.

It takes sb. some time that… 费某少时间

sb. spend some time (on) doing sth. I spent a month learning English.

sb. spend some time on sth.

金钱的花cost, pay for sth.

than I expected 比我预料的(口语

The question is easier than I expected.

 


 

You are more beautiful than I expected. You are better than I expected.

The holiday took you longer than I expected. than I thought 比我原为的

The English class took me longer than I thought.

 

4'but I don't know where it is.'

where it is 注意单词的读,音标元音音标结尾,字母re”或“er”结尾的,会与一个元音之间r”这个音。

5'I'll tell you where to get off.' answered the conductor. get on the bus get off the bus

I will tell you where you can (should) get off. No one got on/off (the bus) at the last bus stop.

问词+to+动词原形”用来取代宾语从

Can you tell me how I can get there? =Can you tell me how to get there? Can you tell me what I should do ? =Can you tell me what to do?

I don't know which to choose.

I wonder when to have a meeting. Can you tell me how to begin a letter?

 

【语法精粹】

1 Did you find out c the pie out of oven?

a. to take  b. have taken c. when to take d. being taken find out 发现

take sth. out of 取出来

Did you find out when we could(can)take the pie out of oven?

你发现什么时候才把馅饼从烤箱中拿出来了吗?

 

6I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. in the front of 在(一事物的)前部,前者属于后者的范围

The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.

in front of ……,前者不属于后者的范围

The teacher stands in front of the students. get a good view of 欣赏……的美景

I stood at the window to get a good view of the city.

 

7Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.

非谓语动词(现在分词或过去分词状语, 这个动作必与主主语有:-ing 与主主语构成主动ed 与主主语构成被动to do 与主主语构成目的

如果非谓语动词做定, 只与被修饰词相关, 与主语无

passing plain 路过的飞机 ploughed field 耕过的地如果-ing/-ed 宾补, 与宾语有

 


I find the door locked. locked 被动,门被锁

with+ n. 表示状态

I do sth with an excitement. left 放在被修饰词之后

on the bus = in the bus 在火车、汽车可以用“in”又用“on

8'This is as far as we go.'

as far as +  ……程度/限度就……限度而

as far as we gowe couldn't go any more

This is as far as I can do.

I can't bear(it any more). / It was more than I could bear.

= This is as far as I bear.

This is as far as I can understand.

This is as far as I can afford. 我只能付这么

As far as I now, they haven’t returned from abroad. This is as far as I can help you.

 

9'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.' oh dear , 天呐

forget to do sth. 忘记去做某

I forget to shut the door. 我忘了锁门

forget doing sth. 忘记已经了什么事

I forget shutting the door. 我忘了门已经锁了

put sb. off 让……下车(或飞机、船

put sb. off remind sb. to do 提醒(……

put sb. off 推脱, 敷衍

My son always asks me to take him up. I always put him off. put sth. off 推迟, 延期

put off the meetingput off the appointment

10'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.

in that(this) case 如果那样(这样)的话,既是那样(这样

Is he one of your best friends? In that/this case, you may invite him. prefer to do sth. 可做某

prefer to do…rather than… 可……也……

letter writing

给朋友写信要称呼他们的名字,如“亲爱的弗雷德”,决不要“亲爱的朋友”类的词语开

给亲戚写信,则可以这样开:亲爱的妈妈、亲爱的爸爸、亲爱的弗雷德叔叔、亲爱的艾丽丝姨妈,但决不称“亲爱的表兄”,或“亲爱的弗雷德表兄”。

辈写信,辈中的直系亲属不名字,只称谓;长辈中的旁系亲属既要称谓,又要名字。给平辈的亲属写信,直接称呼名字,不称谓。

 


Summry writing

1 Where did the writer want to go? Did he know the way or not? What did the conductor promise to do? (but as)

“but as并不是并列, 两者在一起仅仅是巧合

The writer wanted to go to Woodfast Green but as he did not know the way, the conductor promised to tell him where to get off.

第一和第二之间是 “but, 第二和第三之间为 “as, 所以产生 “but as”

 

 


Key structures


表示习惯性动作

 


表示状态、感觉、绪、精神活动的动词 appearappreciatebelievefeelforgethearknowlike

looknoticerememberresembleseethinkunderstandbelong toconsist ofcontaindesiredetestdislikehatehopelovemattermeanmindneedwantwish  常用于一现在时不用于进行时

Special DifficultiesLose, Loose, Miss.

lose vt. 失去,丧失,遗失,丢失

Roy has lost his job again.

She lost her parents when she was sixteen.

If you bet on that horse you will lose your moneybet on sth 就……打赌

loose adj. 松动的,松的,松开的

Servral screws have come loose. come loose,松了(系动词+adj.))

The handle of this suitcase is very / has come loose.

miss v. 怀念, 思念, 错过,未能……,缺(课,惦念,想念

Hurry or you’ll miss the train. I missed my Englishlesson.

missing adj. 不见了的

sth. is lost = sth. is missing

missing boy 失踪了的孩子(“lost” )

 

Expect, Wait for

expect 可以表示“预计……可能发生(或来到待,期盼”,它表示待时往往侧重人的心理而是具个地方

I expect / I’m expecting to hear from you.

I’m expecting the bus to arrive in the next ten minutes. My trip took me longer than I expected.

wait for 主要指“待”这个动作本身。

I’m waiting for the next bus.

 

Multiple choice questions

4 The trip took him longer than he expected. He didn't expect it to last     c  .

a. longer  b. as long c. so long d. such a long last v. 延续

 


for a long time = long

I have waited for you for a long time = I have waited for you long.

 

5Where    c  get off?I asked.I'll tell you where to get off,answered the conductor.

a. to b. for c. shall I d. in order to

但在日常口语中语概念很弱,如“What to do?”常常使用, 不符合语, 但在写作时语概念要很

.

 

7 This is as far as we go. We don't go    a  .

a. any further b. more far c. further more d. so far not any more = not any longer = not any further              不再……

further more 进一步, 有甚者的是

 

9 The writer got on the bus, but he didn't know where to     b_ .

a. get down b. get off c. get out of d. get over

下某种交通工具, 要用 get off

get down: 如吃完饭后, 桌子时会用 get down(不会和相连After dinner, I got down. 我吃完饭后, 开了桌子.

get out of +  ……地方出

get over 恢复

12 I prefer to stay on the bus. That's    d  .

a. my favourite  b. my best c. beloved d. what I'd like to do best I’d like to do… 做某

What I’d like to do best. 我最想要的事

I like sth. best. 我最喜欢的事

 

 

 

 

 

 

]

 


Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue

New words and expressions】生词和短语10

reward n. 报偿

virtue n. 美德

diet n. 节食

forbid v. 禁止

hurriedly adv. 匆忙地

embarrass v. 使尴尬

guiltily adv. 疚地

strict adj. 严格的

reward v. 给奖赏

occasionally adv. 偶尔地

reward n. 报偿v. 给奖赏 give sb. reward ……报偿 reward sb. with sth.  ……奖赏...

reward sb. for sth. 因为……人奖赏

…reward him for the first prize

 

virtue n. 美德

strongpoints n. 长处 merit n.

shortpoints n. 短处 weak points 

diet n. 节食

go on a diet =be on a diet 实行节食

forbidforbadeforbidden v.禁止 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止做某allow sb. to do sth.  允许做某

Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市)  Forbidden fruit 

embarrass v. 使尴尬

sth. embarrass sb. ……让……感到尴尬

You embarrassed me. 我感到尴尬

embarrassing adj. 人尴尬地embarrassed adj. 感到尴

embarrassment n. 尴尬

To my embarrassment 我感到尴尬的是……

guiltily adv. 疚地

guiltily conscience 问心有愧

 


clear conscience 问心无愧

 


strict adj. 严格的

be strict with sb. 人严格

My father is strict with me.

be strict in sth. ……严格

occasionally adv.

on the occasion 偶尔, sometimes 偶尔 at times 

off and on 偶尔 now and again 

Text

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

 

参考译文

我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近来况变得越发糟糕, 致他决节食. 他是一星期前开始节食的. 首先,他开列了一张长长的单子, 上面列了有禁吃的食物. 这张单子的大数食物是休喜欢吃的 : 黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果. 昨天我去看望了他. 我按响了门铃. 看到休仍和往常一样胖时,我并不感到惊奇. 他把我领进屋, 慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面. 他感到很尴尬. 我问他干什么时, 疚地笑了, 后把那个大包拿到了桌. 他解释说, 他的饮食控制得太严格了, 致不得不偶尔奖赏自. 他给我看了包里的东西. 装了 5 大块巧克力和 3 袋糖果!

 

【课文讲解】

1My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. things(要用复数形可以表示“况,形,状况,形势”含义:

You’re surely made things worse. How are things going on with you?

get 作不物动词时可以表示“变得”:

I got interested in French.

diet 用于表示治疗种疾病或调节重的“种饮食”、“规饮食”时通常与 on 用:

The doctor put him on a strict diet. 医生他严格控制饮食。

I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.

 

2First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. first of all 首先, 首要 (中首要的, 即最重要的)

First of all I must see your passpart.

 


at first 首先( at first…, then… 起先……然……) write out  写出,(正式)写,全部写出

You should werite out a report.

 

3The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. most of…              大部分……

includ contain 有“包含”的意思,但 contain 可以用于表示包含的全部事物include 则只表示其中的一部分。contain 是容器里装,include 则含义广,在这里不containIt

included three bags of sweets. Does the bill include a tip?

We’re including you in our team.

 

4Yesterday I paid him a visit. pay sb. a visit 拜访

Pay you a visit.

pay a visit to sb./someplace  拜访/. call up sb./at someplace 拜访/have a visitvisit

 

5I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. as…as ever 像往常一样,照旧,依

as clean as everas quiet as ever

be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.

 

6He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. lead sb. into(进门)show sb. out(出门)see sb. off(送行)

 

7It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.

obviously <adv.> it was obvious that…(it 为形主语) ……

Letter writing

如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信应按如:亲爱的布朗先生,亲爱的史密斯夫人。在姓名之后总要加上一个逗号。对对方熟悉, 但是为了表示一种尊重, 也可这么写。

写信开:你的姐姐(Dear +姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比尔(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +), 你的老校(Dear Mr./Mrs. +)

在不道对方性别姓名时 : 如应聘信开Dear Sir/Madam,

 

 


Key structures


一般过去时

 


与一过去时常用的两个词是 once recentlyrecently 在表示“最近一段时期”时也可以与现在完成

用。

过去时可以用于时间状语从中,一过去时可以用于与最近的打算比较时。

 


Special difficultiesRaise and Rise.

rais  作动词时只物动词,即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起,往提,使……升高”含义:

Will those who agree with me please raise their hands? Why did they raise prices?

Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year.

rise 作动词时通常为不物动词,表示“起立,起床,(日、月)升起”含义:

You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen!

All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.

 

Lay and Lie.

laylaidlaid vt. ,搁,铺,准备

I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away. If you can’t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.

lielaylain vi. 躺,平卧

Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?

 

Beat and Win.

beat vt. 打败,战胜,胜过,超过

They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.

I beat you. 我打败了你。

表示一个球队打败另一个球队 beat

win vt. ……获胜(成功),赢得,获得,夺得

Who won the race/ the war?

beat 接对手,win 接对手。

Multiple choice questions

4 How long ago _ d   his diet?

a.will he begin b.has he begun c. was he beginning d. did he begin

注意因为有 ago 的词, 不用完成时, 用一过去时

11 He was very embarrassed. He felt    d_ .

a.shy b.shameful c.hot d.uncomfortable

注意以下三类词:

① 感官动词 feel, smell(闻起来 : The food smeel well.), sound(听起来 : The idea sound good.)

② 变得 get , become

lie feel+adj

shy adj. 害羞的(习惯, 一种下就会作出的反应) shame  n. 羞愧

shameful adj. 人羞愧的

It’s shameful. (注意它没有 “-ing” ) ashamed adj. 感到羞愧的

 


I am ashamed.

hot adj. , 火的

uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的, 不放松的 comfortable 一种自在, 轻松, 放松

ill adj. 生病

I feel ill.

terrible adj. 糟透了, 不舒服

 


Lesson 52 A pretty carpet

New words and expressions】生词和短语4

temporarily adv. 暂时地

inch n. 英寸(量单位

space n. 空间

actually adv. 实际

inch n. 英寸(量单位) foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里

space n. 空间

actually adv. 实际

in fact

 

Text

We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'

 

参考译文

我们刚刚搬进一新房子,  我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个.  我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐,  但这并不容易, 因为我有 1,000 本书. 糟糕的是房间还非常小, 所以我暂时把书放在了地板. 这会, 书把地板的每一空隙占据了, 我实际是踩这些书进出房间的. 几分钟前, 我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬了楼.她走进我的房间,  她看到地板的那些书时,  大吃一惊.  这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯, 她说.  她盯地毯 看了一会, 又说 : 你根本用不书橱, 时你可以坐在这读地毯!”

 

【课文讲解】

1We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.

现在完成进行时用来强调动作在一段时间一直在进行,且动作有现在的结果。现在完成时表示在漫地时间段,过去发生的,  还一要对现在产生在过去发生的动作,  一直延续到现在,现在完成时,  动词一是延续动词

It has rained for half day.

It has been raining.

 

2I have been trying to get my new room in order.

 


get sth. in order  使……有秩序,把……(get 使役动词) in order 整齐,井有序,有秩序, 有次序

Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.

 

3This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.

own

vt.

I own over a thousand books.

vt. &vi.

He owned to stealing the wallet.

He owned (that) he had made a mistake.

adj.

He has a car of his own. He lives in his own house.

 

4To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. to make matters worse              糟糕的是……,插入语

I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark. rather adj. 相当

5At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.

at the moment now 现在,此刻,目前

every inch 每一英寸(夸张)

Gold covered every inch of the ground in America. It is worth every penny of it.

 

6A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. help sb. (to) do sth. 做某(to 省略)

help sb. with sth. 做某

He help me to learn English. He help me with my English.

with one’s help 人的帮助

With your help i made great progress.

 

7'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. “I have ever seen做定语从出现, 是最高级的标志

8She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'

gazed at ……向往, 羡慕

not at all 完全不,起强调作用

 


in one’s spare time 人空的时候,spare  表示“空的,余的”

I like to read in my spare time.

Have you got a spare moment? 你(现在)有空吗?

 

 


Key structures


现在完成时,现在完成进行时

 


现在完成时:have  done,表示已完成的动作

现在完成进行时:have been doing,强调动作在一段时间一直在进行,且动作现在有结果。到现在为止,该动作可能已不再继续进行,也可能还在继续进行,这要根据上下文来确子中常含有 all+ 表示时间的词语如 all dayall morning for since

I have read the book. 书已看完

I have been reading the book. 还没看完还要继续

表示持续的动词,如 learnlieliverainsleepstand可以since for 副词用,也可用于how long 中:

I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years.

现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作:

Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.

与段时间可以用现在完成时, 也可以用现在完成进行时, 但跟次数用的, 用完成时,

用现在完成进行时

He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.

 

【语法精髓】

1You should go to bed. You     (watch) TV for 5 hours. 2I   (write) letters since breakfast.

3I      (write) 3 letters since breakfast.

4Sorry, but Mr.Smith       (leave) for Beijing.

5I      (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?

 

1have been watching/have watched 2having been writing

3have written 4has left

和现在完成进行时用的是次数和现在完成进行时用的动词暂动词,

leave 是瞬间动词

5have been looking 通过 “where can he be?” 可知人没找到, 还要继续找

Special Difficulties

形容词、相应的副词及其用法:

副词,特别是表示方的副词,皆由形容词-ly 构成,如 easy(容易的)/easyly(容易地beautiful

(漂亮的)/beautifully(漂亮地。一些频副词如此构成,如 usual(通常)/usually(通常地。还有少数 几个表示程度及的副词也都以-ly 结尾:high(高的)/highly(高real真的)/really(真)。

数形容词“ly” 变为副词 : beautiful--beautifully,但是不是有的形容词都可以

 


ly(asleep)不是有的副词定以 ly 结尾(late)不是有的ly 是副词(lovely)

有些副词虽由形容词-ly 构成,但在意义与其应的形容并不同,如 hard(勤奋的,困难的

/hardly(几乎不),cold(冷的)/coldly(冷淡的),late(迟到的,晚的)/lately(最近,近来near近的,接近的)/nearly(几乎,差不,差点儿)。

有些副词有两种形。有的意义同,如 cheap(廉的)/cheaply(廉地),但有的意义不同如 late

(迟,晚)/lately(近来hard努力地,猛地)/hardly(几乎不)。 late<adj. , adv.> lately adv. 近来(=recently)

hard<adj. , adv.> 努力地(表示程度深), 困难地(=difficult) hardly 几乎不 high<adj.>高的 ,〈adv.>highlyadv.> (用尺测量的, 抽象的) deep<adj. , adv.> deeply adv.> 深度(用尺测量的, 抽象的) near<adj. , adv.> 在旁边的 nearly adv.> 几乎, 将近

有些副词在形式上与形容词同,如 fastpastfar

数方副词的位在宾语或动词前,表示时间的副词常位于尾,有时也可位于首。副词,如 almostenoughhardlynearlyquiterathertoo ,大部分用在它们修饰的动词之前。

副词修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词本身(very much), 可以修饰

Quite and Quiet

quite adv. 完全,相当,很

I’m quite ready. 我已全准备好了。

Are you quite certain? 你敢完全肯吗?

quiet adj安静的,平静的,静止的,寂静的

The sea was very quietthis morning. 今天海很平静。

The house became quiet again when the children were gone.

 

Multiple choice questions

3     He has been working all morning and he      c  hard.

a.still works b.has still worked c. is still working d.still worked still works 现在时是一种习惯

4     He's been trying to get his room in order. He wants to      a  .

a.m ake it tidy b. keep it tidy c. made order d. keep order keep order 保持秩序

动词+宾语+形容词(宾补),此类动词常见的有 : get, keep, make, find (其中 get make 是使役动词)

 

7 The writer _ c  bookcases.

a.n eedn't b.needs not c. doesn't need d.isn't needing needn’t 态动词后能加动词

need not 实义动词后能加 notneed 不用进行时态

10 He actually has to walk on them. He can't do     c _. a.else b.different c.otherwise d.other

else 放在不代词和问代词后anything else,anybody else,who else,what else

different 形容词, 动词后应副词或名词宾语, 不是形容词

 


other 形容词the other 代词

otherwise

conj. 否则,

Hurry up, otherwise you will miss train.

adj. 另外的, 其他方

adv. 另外, 否则, 不同地, 的方(=differently)

 

12 You can sit here in your spare time. You can sit here when you're _d . a.working b.studying c.not working              d.reading spare time = not work

在考试时没上下文是答案为 c在本课文中应为 d

 


Lesson 53 Hot snake

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

hot adj. 带电的,充电的

fireman n. 消防队员

cause v. 引起n. 原因

examine v. 检查

accidentally adv. 意外地,偶

remains n. ,残骸

wire n. 电线

volt n. (电压单位

power line 电力线

solve v. 解决

mystery n. 谜(无接受地, 解释不了的

snatch v.

spark n. 电火花

hot adj. 带电的, 充电的

hot adj. 新鲜的棘手的带电的, 充电的

hot-hot-hot 麻辣烫hot-wings  辣鸡翅hot dog

hot-tempered 火暴(脾气) temper n. 脾气

hot line  线hot topic 门话

hot cake 蛋糕

It sells like a hot cake/cakes. 表示一个东西的畅销

best seller  畅销的东西

hot potato 棘手的问

hot news 热点的新闻

fireman n. 消防队员

hydrant n. 消防栓, 消防龙

fire extinguisher  灭火器 extinguisher n. 熄灭者, 灭火器

extinguishput out 灭火

cause v.& n. 引起原因

v. 引起

cause sth. 引起麻烦

Carelessness causes accidents. 粗心导致事故

Pride causes failure. 骄傲使人失败

cause sb. to do sth. 引起做某, 导致做某

Illness caused him to lose his temper. (lose one’s temper 发火)

n. 原因,强调事发生的直接原因(一个)

 


because 因为

 


reason 由,其他各种的()

 

examine v. 检查

examine the soil

check v. 核实, 核对

accidentally adv. 意外地, (趋向于 的意思) accident>accidental>accidentally

accident n. 事故

unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地(趋向于 意外 的意思)

remains n. , 残骸

remains dead body

 

solve v. 解决

solve the mystery solve the problem

 

snatch   v. catch v. 抓,如抓鱼 hold  v.

snatch v. (突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性 seize v. (用力)

seize my arm

 

Text

At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000 -volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.

 

参考译文

消防队员们终于扑灭了利福尼亚的一场森林大火.  从那时起,  他们一直试图找出起火的原因.  森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟引起.  昨天,  消防队员仔细查看了地,  但未发现碎玻璃.他们还十分肯火灾不是由烟引起的. 然而今天, 一个消防队员偶发现了起火的原因. 他发现了缠绕在 16, 000 伏高压线的一条死蛇. 这样, 他解开了起火之谜. 解释很简单, 却异乎寻常. 一只鸟把蛇从地抓起来, 后把它扔到了电线. 于是蛇了几根电线. 它这样, 把火花

 


送到了地这些火花立刻引起了一场大火.

 

【课文讲解】

1Hot snake

hot snake 触电的蛇

get a electric shock 触电

2At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. at last 最后,终于

put out a fire 扑灭火(put out 扑灭,熄灭,

Please put the light/fireout. a fire 一场()

3Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. since then 从那时起,到现在为止

find out (经过研究、努力)找出,发现,查出……这里 find out 的宾语是个从

I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.

 

4Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. broken glass              被打碎的玻璃片

cigarette ends 

5They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. be able to be not able to 没有

be sure that ……很有把握quite sure 相当的把握

rather adv. 相当

fairly adv. 相当, , 诚实地

quite(completely)>rather>fairly 程度一个比一个轻

quite a few 颇有几个(相当多)

start a firecause a fire  start vt. 使……发生,引起

6This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. accidentally =by chance 

discover  本身含有偶发现(个已经存在的东西)的含义

I don’t know who discovered America.

 

7He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. notice 注意人没注意的东西

the remains 表示“尸,残骸”,必须用复数形

The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake.

16,000-volt power line 字符“-” 一旦在两个词之间这个词之间失去了复数的资格,

 


加连字符的概念一做定

wind vt.  缠绕,卷在……上;盘旋,蜿蜒

vt. 缠绕,卷在……上常与 around/round

Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?

vt. 蜿蜒,盘旋

wind one's way 蜿蜒

8In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. in this way 这样

9A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. had done 先发生的事

drop 无意掉去的

10When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire. do so 这么

I refuse to do so. 我拒绝这么

so  常用于一些动词之后,代指前提过的个动作/件事,免重复I

think/believe so.

 

Summary writing

1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not? Have they been trying to discover its cause?(Now that ...)

2  Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not?

5 Where did the snake wind itself? What had it sent to the ground? Did this cause the fire or not?(In winding... and)

 

1 Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California ,they have been trying to discover its cause. now that 

2 evidence n. 证据

分同位语从语从区别:如果 that 了主语或者宾语, 语从句;如果 that 既不作主语

不作宾语, 是同位语从

fact , evidence 的后往往是同为语从

5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire.

介词“in”“on”放在动词“-ing”前解方和没有“in”“on”的解方一样

 

 


Key structures


一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时

 


过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语用,现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语用, 有

时不需要时间状语,现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语用,有时与 all+表示时间的名词用。现在完成时与一过去时中既可以用状态动词(表示存在、有、感、思想、需求的动词)也 可以 行为动词,现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词用。

 


Special Difficulties

Throw toThrow at and Throw away

throw  物动词主要含义为“投,掷,抛,扔”。

throw to (sb.) 扔给(

He threw the ball to me and I caught it.

throw at 对准一目标扔

The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it.

throw away 扔掉,丢弃

Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.

 

Cause and Reason cause

n. 原因,起因

Do you know the cause of the war? What was the cause of the delay?

v. 使……产生/发生,引起

cause sth. 导致, 引起

What caused the accident?

cause sb. to do sth. 导致做某

reason

n. 由,原因

Give me your reasons for going there. What was the reason for the delay?

作“原因”讲时,reason cause 可以互换,但 reason 与介词 for ;而 cause 则与介词 of 用。

reason 通常跟 why 引导的从

That was the reason why the meeting was put off.

v. ,劝导,说服

reason with sb. 劝说()

How can you reason with him when he is so worried?

 

Drop and Fall

drop vi.&vt. (使)掉使)落,放(强调的是不小心掉

As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it. The waiter dropped a fork.

fall vi. ,(雨、雪),降,跌倒,摔倒(强调的是掉来的概念, 动作

I fell and hurt myself.

When leaves fall in autumn, I’ll come back.

 

Multiple choice questions

6  He was able to solve the mystery. He _ c_ .

a.could if he wanted to b.could but he didn't want to c.succeeded in solving it d. didn't succeed in solving it

be able tocan, succeed in doing

 


 

11 In this way he was able to solve the mystery. _ c   he did it. a.That's so b.Like this c.That's how               d. So

in this way= that’s how 这种方

like 在英文中不表示方, 只表示两者的东西很象

 


Lesson 54 Sticky fingers

New words and expressions】生词和短语14

sticky adj. 粘的

finger n. 手指

pie n. 馅饼

mix v. 混合,拌和

pastry n.

annoying adj. 人的

receiver n. 电话的话筒

dismay v. 失望,泄气

recognize v. 认出,听出

persuade v. 说服,劝说

mess n. 乱七八糟

doorknob n. 门把手

sign v. 签字

register v. 挂号邮寄

sticky adj. 粘的

as sticky as glue 和胶水一样粘

finger n. 手指

thumb 大拇指index finger 食指middle finger  中指

ring finger 无名指little finger 小指

toe n. 脚趾

mix v. 混合, 拌和

vt. 使混和,拌和

I was busy mixing butter and flour. You can mix some salt into the flour.

vi. 交往,相处

I’m not going to mix with those people. 我不打算和那些人来往。

Mary doesn’t mix much. 玛丽不太和人交往。

mixture n. 混合物

annoying adj. 人的

It is annoying.

annoyed adj. 感到烦的(anger 的语气弱

 

dismay

v. 失望, 泄气

 

dismay sb.

让某人感到失望

 

dismaying

adj. 人失望dismayed

adj. 感到失望

 


recognize v. 认出,听出

vt. 辨出,认出,认识

I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.

vt. 认,确认,认

It is recognized that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us. He recognized Dan as one of his best friends.

 

persuade  v. 说服, 劝说 persuade 表示劝说已经成功 try to persuade 劝说

reason with sb. 劝说,并不说明是否劝说成功

mess n. 乱七八糟

口语中a mess 用来指“困境,窘境,一团糟”含义

What a mess! 真是糟糕透了!

You are a mess! 你真邋遢

The man/woman is a mess.

make a mess of sth. ……搅得乱七八糟

He made a mess of my job. 他把我的工作搅得一团糟

Make some jam if you want to, but don’t make a mess in the kitchen.

 

sign v. 签字

sign your name(s) here 在这签名 (“s” ) sign for 签收

signature n. 签名

I need your signature. 我需要你的签名

autograph n. 明星, 名人的签名 (n. 签名v. 签署)

 

register v. 挂号邮寄

a registered letter 挂号信

Text

After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops. It was still early when I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some meat pies. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could have been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!

 


参考译文

饭后, 我送孩子们, 去了商店. 我回到家时, 时间还. 孩子们在, 我丈夫在, 家里清静得很. 于是我决定做些肉馅饼. 不一会调拌起了黄油和, 很快我的手上就沾满了粘粘的. 恰恰在此时, 电话铃响了. 没有什么比这烦人了. 我用两个沾满糊的手指捏起了话筒. 我听出是海伦·贝茨的声音时, 非常丧气. 我用了 10 分钟的时间才说服她过会再来电话. 我终于挂了话筒.真是糟糕透了!我的手指、电话机上以及门的把手, . 我刚回到厨房, 门铃又响了起来, 声足把死人唤醒. 这次是邮递员, 他要我签收一封挂号信!

 

【课文讲解】

1The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. at school at work at home 在家休息

school work 冠词,因为不是指具那个学校或具干什么工作,只是泛指他们在干什么。

home 为副词,所以也冠词。

2In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. be busy doing sth.              忙于做某

flour , 数名词, 注意发音于 “flower, “flower数名词, 会用复数

“flowers”

be covered with… 盖满……

3At exactly that moment, the telephone rang.

at exactly that moment 在那时,恰恰在此时

exactly 用于强语气,表示“、恰恰

That’s exactly what I wanted to tell you.

 

4Nothing could have been more annoying.

No one could be/have been… 没有人……

No one could be /havebeen fatter. 没有人胖了

Nothing could have been… 没有……更……

Nothing could have been cheaper. 没有什么东西便宜了 Nothing could have beenmore exciting.  没有什么事情更令人激动 No face could be uglier.              没有一张脸更丑了

No books could be more interesting. 没有书有趣了

5 I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.

pick up the receiver 捡起话筒

6It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服做某

I persuaded him to give up that plan.

persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服做……

 


I persuaded him into giving up that plan.

It takes sb. some time todo sth. 费某做某事(“it”  作形主语

ring back 回电话再打电话

later 表示“过后,后”

Ten minutes later, the bus arrived. Please come back later (on).

 

7At last I hung up the receiver. hang up 挂起

hang up the receiver 挂断电话

8I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. no sooner…than… = hardly…when…              ……就……(用于过去完成时)

enough n.& adj.& adv. 足够

n. 足够

I have/had had enough. 我已经有足够了。

adj. 足够的

enough +n. / n. +enough 修饰名词

I have enough time/time enough.

adv. 以……

enough adj.adv.时一要放在被修饰词的后enough to do sth. 用来做某

He is rich enough to buy the whole city. 他富有的可以整个城市

The water in the pool is warm enough (to swim in). I am hungry enough to eat sth.

 

Summary writing

1 Did the writer return home from the shops or not? What did she begin to make? (As soon as)

1 as soon as= when,时间状语从引导词,as soon as 强调这个动作一发生, 立即发生了另一个动作

when 不强调两个动作相连

4 Did she look at the mess she had made or not? (After that) after 作介词, 后接名词或代词作宾语, 后接子文中 “that” 为代词, “after that” 仅为介词

Composition

2 Two hours had passed.I smelled something burning.(When) Two hours had passed when I smelled something burning.

…(time)passed, and then……(time)passed, before…

不会把 “when放在 “…(time)passed…” 之前, 这是一种习惯

something burning burning 放在不代词后, “-ing” 表主动即表示东西在燃烧.

 


Letter writing

在信的第一段里,  你应该提你已经收到的一封信或促使你回信的一事件

pleased to do sth. 非常高兴的

I was very pleased to learn that you are well.

I was very pleased to learn that you havea baby. 恭喜你爸爸了

Thank you for +n.

Key structures

The, Some and Any

1some any 用于不数名词复数数名词之前,some 通常用于肯定句any 通常用于否定句中。但在期待得到肯答复的也可以some在肯定句中表示“随便哪个,任何一个” 的含义时也可以any

These are the only meat pies I have. Do you want some of them? Yes, please. Any meat pies will do.

2、有些形容词可以用于 the 之后(决不用于 a/an 之后),表示作为整的群,如the blindthe deaf

the livingthe deadthe richthe poorthe youngthe old。这些形容词后要跟复数动词,不用这些形容词本身来指个

The Government always makes sure that the old are cared for. This is a special school for the deaf.

如果想指单数个,则可以说:

Sam is a young man with a lot of money.

3当下列名词指其“主要目的”,即与其相关的动作时,要用零冠词(即名词前没有冠词。这类名词有 bedchurchclasscollegehospitalmarketprisonschoolseauniversitywork

但在指的东西前要用the,泛指同类事物中的任何一个时则用  a

4、在形容词/副词的最高级前要用 the,但most 表示“大数”时它前则不thethe most

most of the… 大部分的……

most of the young people 大部分年轻人

Most young men have to work hard.

Most buildings in this district belong to the government.

 

Multiple choice questions

5 Nothing could have been more annoying. It was _d    annoying thing that could have happened. a.the more b.more              c.most              d. the most

nothing + be more annoying 表达最高级含义

8 She was busy mixing butter and flour. She was    d _.

a.joining them b.uniting them c. unifying them d. putting them together United States (政治的联合)unify unite 的用基本, 指的是政治的联合 join              v. 入,

入团,组织

join the army/join the party

某某

 


Join us!(口语常用, 注意)

 

10 She was dismayed when she heard Helen Bates. She felt        _. a.pity b.sorry c.ill d.tired

tired 单独用表示“很累”,只有 “tired of表示“厌烦”

pity 为名词, sorry 为形容词,fell 为感官动词,后接形容词

ill 体上的不舒服

 


Lesson 55 Nota gold mine

New words and expressions】生词和短语19

gold n. 金子

mine n.

treasure n. 财宝

revealer n. 探测器

invent v. 发明

detect v. 探测

bury v. 埋藏

cave n. ft

seashore n. 海岸

pirate n. 海盗

arm v. 武装

soil n. 泥土

entrance n. 入口

finally adv. 最后

worthless adj. 毫无值的

thoroughly adv. 彻底地

trunk n. 行李箱

confident adj. 有信心的

value n.

gold  n. 金子

sth. be made of gold ……由金子成的 gold watchgold ringgolden sun 金色的太阳 golden] adj. 金色的, 宝贵的

Silence is golden. 沉默是金

golden opportunity  宝贵的机会 (opportunity n. 机会, 时机) golden sentence 黄金

I am honoured to have the opportuneity to do sth. I am glad to have the golden opportunity to do sth.

I am glad to have the golden opportunity to stay with you. goldfish n. 金鱼

platinum n. ,

treasure n. 财宝 (为总称, 没有复数) ‘treasure island’ 《金银岛》

jewel n. 宝石 珠宝, ()

jewelry n. 珠宝, 珠宝类 珠宝(总称, )

I have some jewels. = I have some jewelry. diamond n. 钻石

 


jade n. 碧玉 (数名词) jade palace 翠宫饭店

revealer n. 探测器

reveal v. 揭示

invent v. 发明

invention n. 发明

detect v. 探测

detective n. 侦探

pirate n. 海盗

pirate n. 海盗, 盗印者, 盗版者, 侵犯专利权者

vt. 盗印, 盗版, 掠夺, 翻印 vi.海盗

arm v. 武装

n. 手臂武器

hold one's arm

Farewell! Arms , 武器

farewell int再会,!(常含有永或不容易再见的意思)

v. 武装

Soldiers should be armed well. 士兵应该要很好的武装。

be armed with … ……来武装

The youth should be armedwith knowledge. 年轻人应该用识武装自

The teacher should be patient. =The teacher should be armed with patience. be covered with ……覆盖

army n. 军队

soil n. 泥土

soil n. 土壤 (植物的地方) earth  n. 泥土 (泥巴)

 

entrance n. 入口

entrance of/to… ……的入口

entrance of the park entrance to the park

exit n. 出口, 太平门, 退场, 去世vi. 退出, , 去世

thoroughly adv. 彻底地

completely/thoroughly/totally

 

confident n. 有信心的

 


be confident of doing sth. 有信心做……

 


be confident that + 有信心……

confidence n. 信心

Text

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.

 

参考译文

最近,  找到失踪宝藏的梦想差一点儿变成现实.  一种叫 探宝器  的新机器已经发明出来,  并被人们用来探测地埋藏的金子.  在靠近海边的一个据说过去海盗常在里藏金子的岩洞里,  这种机器被派了用. 海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里, 后来却没取走. 用这种新机器装备起来的探宝队进入了这个岩洞, 希望找到埋藏的金子. 这个队的队长正在检查洞口附近的土壤时, 那台机器显示出它的下面埋有金子.  队员们异常激动,  地挖了一个两英尺的坑,  但最后找到的是一枚几乎一钱不值的小金币.  员们接又把整个洞彻底搜寻了一遍,  但除了一只空铁皮箱外什么没找到.  尽管如此,  人仍然相探宝器 很快会探出值钱的东西来.

 

【课文讲解】

1Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.

dream n. v.

n. 梦想

dreams come true 梦想成真

dreams ended 梦想破灭了, 梦断了

dream of … ……的梦

Dream of flying in the sky comes true.

v.

dream of doing sth.

I dream of flying in the sky.(dream v)

come true 变成现实,(预言、期望)成为事实,(意)实现

His dream to travel around the world at last came true.

 

2A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.

话中只有一个动词, 如果再出现动词, 可以and 并列, 也可以变成复合, when, because

, 可以使这个动词表示动词意思, 但不谓语, 即非谓语动词过去分词做定, 表示 ,如 ploughed field

 


n. +called 被称之为…………(如果用语修饰其他词,  则把语放在被修饰词的后边

the plane called a “Pilatus Porter” be used to do sth.  被用来…… used to do 过去常常

同位语从中的引导词只有一个 that,不会用 which in the ground (习惯于用 “under the ground” )

 

3The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where -- it is said -- pirates used to hide gold. it is said 是插入语,“据说”讲。

where = in which 翻译时译为 在那,修饰 cave一个地状语从

This is the river where I swim.

 

4The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. would 表示过去的习惯动作, 但此表示 “used to” 过去常

fail to do sth. 、不、忘记做某事项 fail 接动词不定式表示否

He failed to see the reason why they sent him away. collect 的含义之一为“(去)取,接”

Don’t fail to collect me before you go to the party. I’ll collect my post on my way home.

 

5Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure.

如果几个子的主语是同一事物, 可以把几个子合并为一个子。保留一个, 其他的变成非谓语动词。非谓语动词采用何种形, 则根据其与主语的, 如果是主动, -ing, 被动, 则用动词的-ed

与其他子的位安排要保持子的平衡还要注意动作的

The boy went home. The boy was crying. The boy was beaten.

=Beaten by sb, the boy went home, crying. arm(ed) with 可以表示“带、装、穿

Don’t worry. I’m armed with an umbrella. You’d better arm yourself with a warm coat.

 

6Very excited, the party dug a hole two feel deep. Very exciting, … 形容词状语

Tired of sleeping on the floor,

Tired, I went home./ I went home tired.子顺序不同, 表达的意思不同

two feet deep“数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定; 也可以做表语

I am five years old.

The street is five meters wide. long/wide/high/deep,人有高用 “tall”

 

7In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value

 


 

fairly soon.

in spite of / though / even if 尽管

something of value

of 表示其修饰的名词具有质、状况,of 名词往往人联想这名词对应的形容词

The news is of great importance to us. of valuevaluable 值的

of small value 值很小(= almost worthless)

形容词要放在不代词的后边

something important =something of importance someone patient =someone of patience

 

Summary writing

1  IsThe Revealera new machine or an old machine?Is it used for detecting buried gold or not?(which)

2  Did a search party use this machine or not? Where did they try to find gold recently?(Using this machine...)

3  Did they examine the cave thoroughly or not? Did they only find a small gold coin?Was it valuable or was it practically worthless?(Although...which)

4  Do many people believe that the machine may reveal something of value soon or not?(However)

 

1machine 作为先行词, it 指代 machine, 会被which 取代

2Using this machine, a seach party tried to find the gold in came near the seashore. 3Although 会引导步状语从, which 会引导一个于从

Although they examined the came thoroughly ,they only found a small gold coin which was practically worthless.

4however 放在都可以, 要用逗号隔开

 

 


Key structures


表示过去习惯性动作

 


我们提到过去特定时间时, 我们有时would 来代替 used to,有时则不可以would

要指出具时间,used to 则不需要。

used to 暗示与现在的对照时,不would 替换:

I used to drink heavily, but I have given up drinking now. I never used to eat a large breakfast, but I do now.

used to 描写过去的状态时,would 互换,would 只表示过去有的习惯或行为:

This sort of novel used to bevery popular. 这种小说过去很流行.

I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.

used to 不强调与现在的对比时,would 互换。但一个故事开时不用 would,必须首先用一

过去时或 used to 描述背景,后用 would 表示习惯动作:

When I was a boy we always spent/used to spend our holidays on a farm. We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows.

 

Special difficulties

 


use, be used to, used to

use vt. 用,使用,运用,应用

May I use your dictionary/car?

I don’t know how to use the word.

be used to 习惯于(后跟名词或动名词,be 也可get 代替

I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker. I’m used to shopping alone.

used to 过去习惯……(表示过去有现在通常已不存在的习惯,只用于一过去时,后

跟动词不定式

I used to get up early when I worked as a baker, but I don’t have to get up early now. You didn’t use to smoke.

 

Gold and Golden glod

n. 金,黄金,金币,金块

He loves gold more than anything else.

adj. 金的

When Frank retired, they gave him a gold watch.

All that glitters is not gold. all…is not… 不是有的,部分否not all

golden adj. 金色的,(机会非常好的,兴盛的

As the sun set, the sky became golden.

As he grew older, he always thought about the golden days of his life. You’ve missed a golden chance to make a lot of money.

 

Multiple choice questions

3The Revealerhas been used for      b_ gold.

a.to detect b.detecting c.detect d. detected

介词后v+ing

“被用来做某事”有两种表达方:如果跟名词相连be used for sth.如果跟动词相连be used to do

be used for +Ving

 

4 Pirates used to hide gold there. _ d   .

a. and they always do b.and they still do

c. and they still do sometimes d.that's what they would do That’s what ……

“Pirates used to hide gold there,..... 应该用, 不应该用逗

两个子中间必须“and but等连, 或是用号隔开。一中只有一个主语, 一个动词, 叫简单,出现两个以上的动词要用接。两个可以是主从可以把一个动词用为动词, 把其他的动词改装为非谓语动词

7 How   c_ was the hole?

a.deeply  b.depth  c.deep d.down deeply adv.depth n.deep adj.&adv.down              adv.

 


用什么词看它的陈述用什么词

8The Revealeris a very good _ a     .

a.machine  b.engine c.machinery d.mechanic machine n. 机器(数名词)

engine n. 发动机

machinery n. [总称] 机器, 机械 机器(总称, 后边不会 s, 面也 a) mechanic n. 技工, 机修工, 机械士

revealer n. 探测器

10 The coin was almost worthless. So it was of small d . a.worthy b.honour c.price d.value of value = valuable

of small valueworthless 不值钱的

of great value 非常值钱 (介词语修饰名词时放在其后

 


Lesson 56 Faster than sound!

New words and expressions】生词和短语11

sound n. 声音

excitement n. 激动,兴奋

handsome adj. 漂亮的美观的

Rolls-Royce 罗尔斯--罗伊斯

Benz n. 奔驰

wheel n. 轮子

explosion n. 爆炸,轰响

course n. 跑道

rival n. 对手

speed v. 疾驶

downhill adv.

sound n. 声音

n. 声音

sound n. 任何声音都可以

voice n. 人的声音

noise n. 和周围不和谐的声音, 躁音

v. 听起来

adj. 的(reasonable adj., 有道, , 讲道

I have a piece of sound advice. 我有一个合的建议。

soundly adj. 香甜的

sleep soundly

 

excitement n. 激动, 兴奋

to one's excitement… 令某人激动的是……

The most exciting thing is that… 人激动的是……

The most surprising thing about it is that 人惊讶的事……

It excited me that… 我激动的是……

handsome adj. 漂亮的, 美观的

handsome adj. 形容男孩, 英俊, 与男孩子

handsome 与人用有阳刚的美,与物相连表示美观大方,并表示制作精良handsome 跟女性连用的时候表示这个女孩子有阳刚气,类似女侠的概念

Your husband is handsome.

beautiful 形容人的时候表示在和外在美的统一, 完美的概念

You look beautiful. Flowers are beautiful. Picture is beautiful.

pretty adj美丽(用于女孩或小孩),有柔美的意思

 


pretty 跟男性连表示没有阳刚气,女

Your wife is pretty.

pretty boy / pretty girl / pretty woman

nice adj. 美好的(人,天气, 食物, 物品的品质)

You are nice. 得不错

lovely adj. 爱的

This is a lovely story. 这是一个爱的故事

good-looking adj. 很好看的

smart adj小巧美丽的()或时髦美丽的()

She is smart.

cute adj.漂亮, 常用来形容小孩

The baby is cute.

What a cute baby! 漂亮的宝宝啊! How cute you are! 漂亮啊!(爱啊!)

 

explosion n. 爆炸, 轰响

explosive n. 爆炸物,炸药adj. 爆炸(), 爆发(), 暴露

explode vt. 使爆炸vi. 爆炸, 爆发, 破除, 推翻, 激发

bomb n. 炸弹vt. 投弹于, 轰炸

The bomb exploded.

 

course n. 跑道,行

n. 跑道,行

on the course 按照轨道运行

off course 轨道

of course 当然

n.

This term, I took/take seven courses. 这学期我学了七门课

rival n. 对手

competition n. 竞争,

The person who takes part in the competition. competitor n. 竞争者, 对手

opposite n. 反的事物adj. 对的, , 对立的, 反的, , 对应的

opponent  n. 对手, 反对者(持反对意见的人, 如辩论的和政治) enemy n. 敌人

rival adj. 势均力敌的n. 势均力敌的对手

speedspedsped v. 疾驶

v. 疾驶,急行

The police car sped past us.

The two men sped out of the room.

n.

 


at the speed of 以……的速

The car goes at the speed of 40 miles an hour / at 40 miles an hour.

在车后的 3 speed/4 speed 表示档位

speed up 的增, slow down 

blow up 风力的增

downhill  adv. downstairs upstairs go down stairs

go downhill ft

downtown n.&adj.&adv. 市中心的商业反意词 uptown 商业

I'll go to the downtown.

 

Text

Once a year, a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.

 

参考译文

举行.  去年有车参这项比.  始之前,  人们异.  最漂亮的汽车之一是罗尔斯-罗伊斯生产的银鬼汽车,  最不寻常的一辆则要属只有 3  只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了.该车造于 1885  ,  是参车中最老的一.  在好一喧闹的爆炸声之,  始了.  汽车在途中抛了锚,  有些驾驶员花在汽车底的时间比坐在汽车里的时间还.  然而还是有几辆汽车跑完了全.获胜的那辆车达到了时速 40 英里——远远超过任何对手. 它在接近终, ft, 驾驶员了好大劲才把车停. 使每个挺开心. 与现代汽车大不, 但激动人心的程度并不亚于现代汽车大.

 

【课文讲解】

1Once a year, a race is held for old cars.

=Old car race is held once a year.

once +表示时间的名 ……

The postman calls once a day. be held for 比为……而举行

2A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. enter for 报名参

 


a great deal of +数名 大量的……

There was/is a great deal of excitement. 人们非常激动

a great number of +数名词

a great many +数名 ……

a large amount of +数名词 just before =just 起强调作用

3One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是单数看待的

One of the answers is ture. One of those people is good.

如果在语从中出现了 one of 作为先行词,它后边的系代词指代的是后的复数名词如果在 one of 还有一修饰词 only,那么后边的系代词将指代 one 这个词,才作单数看

He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

 

4Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. The car was built in 1885.

taking part 解为 taking part (in the race)

 

5After a great many loud explosions, the race began. after explosions 爆炸声之后

6Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! many cars              车子many of the cars              车子中的许

many students 学生many of my students 我教过的许

some pictures 一些照片some of the pictures 那些照片中的一

break down 车子抛锚,(机械出故障,出毛病

This morning I was late for work, because my car broke down twice.

under the car 指在车下面理;in the car 常驾驶。中的 under in 是斜,英文中的斜字起强调作用

spent more time under their cars than in them

他们花在车的时间比在车里的时间还

7The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of its rivals. the wining car 获胜车

a speed of +数量 ……

You must have been driving at a speed of seventy miles an hour. much faster 快得多;a little faster 快一

any of its rivalsany rival 任何一个

any 在比较级中一旦出现, 它往往要加可数名词的单数

Beijing is bigger than any other city. 注意 “other

如果是不代词, 可以someone else, anyone else如果不是不代词, 要在名词前other.

 


 

any other competitor

 

8It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. at the end of… ……的末尾/最后部分

He spoke a few words at the end of the meeting.

have trouble (in) doing sth. ……有麻烦,做……很困难(trouble  数又不

They had some trouble finding out the cause of the fire.

 

9The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. give sb.+n. ……

give sb. pleasure

It will give sb. a great deal of pleasure.

=There was a great deal of excitement. give sb. a fright 吓了人一跳

give sb. a surprise 人一个惊喜

10It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. modern car race 现代车

be different from ……不同

no more no less 表示“和……一样”, 相当only, the same There are no more than 100 students. 这个房间仅有一百个学生。 no less exciting              一样的激动

no more than you 和你一样

表示“和……同”用 not more= morenot less= less not less exciting 更令人激动

Letter writing常用开语:

I am sorry it has taken me so long to write, but…

I was glad to hear from you at last and to learn that…

 

 


Key structures

as…as ……一样

the same (…) as ……相/同样

You’ve made the same mistake as Tom.

有时 the same 可以单独使用:

My mother is much younger than yours. She isn’t! They’re about the same age. Those two dress are the same.

not so…as / not as…as 不如……


比较关系的句型

 


different from ……不同(different 面可加 verymucha little 修饰语

Is French food very different from Italian food?

 


 

A Frenchman could tell you better than I can!

We’re planning something different this year from what we did last year. litte few 在口语中not muchnot many 代替:

There isn’t much sugar/aren’t many sweets, but you can have a little/few.

much many 通常用于否定句正式除外。在日常谈话中,通常避免在肯定句中使用 much many的数量词。口语中用得最的表示“许”的数量词是 a lot of,它既可以与复数数名词也可以与不数名词用,后的动词用单数还是复数取决于名词。比 a lot of 正式一些的表达方有:a great/good deal of+数名词,a great/good/large number of+复数名词,a great/good many of+数名词。

what 引导的感叹中不用 much/many

What a lot of sweets Tom’s bought!

I am less lucky. 我还不如他们幸运. more exciting 激动 = not less exciting.

 

 

Special difficulties

Handsome, Beautiful, Pretty, Good-looking

handsome adj漂亮的,英俊的,一用来形容男子,也可以指东西的制作精良

beautiful adj. 美丽的,给人美感的,人愉悦的,完美的,强调在和外在的结合,用来形容女子、孩童、花草、服饰,一不用来形容男子的长相

pretty adj漂亮的,爱的,人怜爱的,强调女孩和小孩的外表美丽

good-looking adj好看的,标致的,美的,男女均适用

My furniture is good-looking.

 

Reach and Arrive in/at

reach vt.  到达,达到(适用的范围比较广,不仅仅于地

When you reach my age, you’ll be able to understand it. Can you get that book down for me please? I can’t reach it.

arrive vi. 到达,抵达

在表示到达个较大的地方时用arrive in,到达个较小的地方/arrive at

When I arrived at the station, the train had already gone.

 

Take part and Take place

take part (in) ,参与

I didn’t take part in their conversation. It was the lodest car taking part.

take placehappen 发生,进行,举行

What happened? = What took place?

All these took place before you were born.

The Olympic Games will take place in our country in four years’ time.

 

Multiple choice questions

3  A lot of cars entered for this race. There were_ c_ cars in it.

 


 

a. much b. lot of c. lots of d. plenty

much 修饰不lot of 不存在这种结构plenty of 

lots of = a lot of

 

4    c  in 1885, so it was the oldest car in the race.

a. It built b. Built c. It was built d. Having built

一个简单只有一个主语+一个动词, 如果出现了两个动词, 那么用 “and,but,so” 等连变成带有从和主的复合句;留一个作主干, 的动词变为非谓语动词有介词语替代动词概念, : the boy in black

 

5  It was the oldest car taking part. There wasn't     a  one.

a. an older b. the oldest c. an elder d. the eldest elder 意为 ,一语用,不用作比较

not +比较级 =最高级

6  It reached a speed of forty miles an hour. It     c  forty miles an hour.

a. ran b. ran with c. went at d. drove with

用于 的介词只有 “at”

12 It went faster than any of its rivals. It went faster than its     c  .

a. opponents  b. enemies c. competitors d. partners opponent 两个持反观的对手

partner 伙伴, 搭档(合作系的伙伴)玩到大的伙伴用 : friend company

 


Lesson 57 Can I help you,madam?

New words and expressions】生词和短语8

madam n. (对妇女的尊称)太太,夫人

jeans n. 牛仔裤

hesitate v. 犹豫,迟缓

serve v. 接待(顾客

scornfully adv. 轻蔑地

punish v. 惩罚

fur n. 裘皮

eager adj. 切的,热情

madam n. (对妇女的尊称)太太; 夫人

ma’am n. <>夫人, 太太, 女士, 小姐 = madam

 

jeans n. 牛仔裤

trousers n.裤子,

pants n.裤子,

hesitate v. 犹豫,

hesitate to do sth. 犹 豫 做 …… make up one's mind   决心做…… hesitation n. 犹豫, 踌躇 without hesitation                            毫不犹豫

Without hesitation he refused my request.

 

serve v. 接待(顾客)

vt.&vi. 帮佣,仆人,给……干活

serve sb. 服务

Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.

vt.&vi. 服务服役供职

She served the firm as a secretary for two years. Have you ever served in the army?

vt.&vi. 接待(顾客

The assistant was eager to serve her this time. Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.

service n. 服务, 服务工作, 服役, 式;vt. 保养, 维修

adj.(军队)服现役的, 服务, 仆人的, 耐用的

At your service. 乐于为您效劳。

scornfully adv. 轻蔑地

look down upon/on 看不起,瞧不起……

 


He looks down on me.

 

punish v. 惩罚

punishment n. 惩罚

capital punishment 极刑

fur n. 裘皮

mink n. 貂皮

eager adj. 切的, 热情

be eager to do sth. 急于做某

Text

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

 

参考译文

一位穿牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前. 她虽犹豫了片刻, 但终于还是走进了商店, 要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看. 接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮, 轻蔑地看了她一眼后, 便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了. 这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店, 第二天教训一那个售货员. 第二天,她又来到这家商店, 穿了一件裘皮大衣, 一只手拎一只手提包, 另一只手拿一把柄伞. 找到那个无礼的售货员后, 她还要看昨天的那件衣服. 那个售货员没有认出她是, 这一回接待她的态非常殷勤. 了好大劲几, 他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服. 这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼, 说不喜欢. 她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎有的东西拿了出来, 最后才买了她最先要看的那一件.

 

【课文讲解】

1A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. do window shopping (表示在橱窗外购物)

a woman in jeans 一个穿牛仔裤的妇女

2Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. for a moment 不一要与现在完成时, 也可以是一现在时, 只要这个动词是延续动词就可以 ask to do sth. 请求做某

 


3The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. dress sb. 人穿衣服

Mother is dressing her baby.

I dress myself. 给自穿衣服(反身代词是不能做主语的,I am dressed.dress 表示“穿,打扮”时常用被动语态

be dressed in

She is dressed in jeans.

Why is your aunt dressed in black?

the way 可以直接加定语从, 不需要引导词

I don’t like the wayshe eats. 我不喜欢她吃饭的样子 The way she eats annoyed me.  她吃饭的样子我烦 I cooked in the way you taught me.

 

4 She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.

with sth. in hand 

He went to the theatre with a book in one hand. 他手一本书去了电

She went to her monther’s carring her baby with a chicken in one hand and a duck in the other. (go to one’s monther’s 回娘家)

 

5After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. seek out 找出, 找到

He sought out the thief in the crowd.

Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.

 

6Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.

现在分词语代替一个分位于首时,其否是在它前面加上 notwithout never 词。这些词有时互换,有时则不

Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief. Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.

tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉人不要做某

eagergladpleasedsorry 描述感觉的形容词作表语时后往往跟不定式

They are all eager to come. I’m pleased to work with you.

 

【语法精粹】

2. _ c  an answer from the committee, he was worried.

a. Having not got b. Getting not c. Not having got d. Having not been got

 

7With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. with great difficulty/troublewith 在这里表示行为方

He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.

Its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.

 


 

He had a lot of trouble climbing into the shop window to get the dress

 

8She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

enjoy oneself doing sth. ……中得到乐趣

He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars. enjoy sth.

enjoy doing sth.

make sb. do sth. 使做某

Summary writing

1     Did the woman in jeans hesitate for a moment or not? Did she enter an expensive shop or not? What did she ask to see? (Though ... and)

2     What did an assistant tell her? When did the woman return? Was she dressed in a fur coat or not? (On being told by)

3     What was the assistant eager to do this time?

4     What did she make him bring her? What did the woman finally buy? (After making)

 

1Though the woman in jeans hesitated for a moment,she entered an expensive shop and asked for/to see the dress in the shop window.

第一步写单, though 一个从, 第一个子和第二个都做并列, though 还有第三个从, though 有从是第一个和第二个并列, 但还有个主

2On being told by an assistant that the dress was sold,

The woman returned the following morning dressed in a fur coat.

When the woman returned ,she was dressed in a fur coat. / the woman returned , when she was dressed in

a fur coat.

by +主动语态中的主语

前后两的强调不同, 中应强调 “return” , 故后句更, 这属于 tiny mistake(微小的错误),

当然第一最好, 另外应注意子的平衡, 应将 “when” 放后

4After making the assistant bring…, the women finally bought the dress she had...... The woman finally bought what she had first asked for. !

 

Letter writing

在信的开常的下面两个型:

What a surprise it was to

What a surprise it was to send me flowers.

to do sth. 的结构中,可以在前表达动作由谁做, 一个“for sb.It is important for me to do sth. “for” “to” 的前What a surprise it was for you to send me flowers.

Forgive me for not writing earlier, but 我很歉我这么久没给你写信

I apologize. / I do apologize. 我真的很!(do 其强调作用)

You apology is accepted.

 


 

 

Key structures

At, In, Off and With

在表示地和位时,说话人的个人角响对介词的选择。at 通常用于表示居个停留、工作地点等in 表示里或包围的含义:

I'll see you at the station. 我将到车站送你.

On the way home, we stopped at a small village called Puddleton. There were a lot of people in the street. 有许.

Let's go for a walk in the park. 我们到公园去散散步.

off 常与动词用,表示位的变化,即“与……”,译为“脱掉,脱落”(相当away from

down from 的意思),其反义词为 on

The lid came off easily. 这个盖子很容易掉.

The pencil rolled off the table. 滚到桌子下面去了.

描写人时,in 通常用于表示穿,后面加衣服或颜色,with 则表示身个具体特征或随身带、拿什么:

He looks handsome in that uniform.

That man with long hair is supposed to be a poet. 那个留着长发的男人应该是个诗人. The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face.

The woman with the brown handbag and long umbrella is a famous novelist. A child came along with a brown dog.

 

Special DifficultiesMake and Let

make let 面都跟不带 to 的不定式,但意义和用法上区别

make+名词/代词+不带 to 的不定式,表示“迫使,致使”:

She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window. What made him change his mind?

That beard makes you look much older than you really are.

在被动语态中含有述意义的 make 必须带 toHe was made to work fourteen hours a day.

He was made to change his mind.

let  用于祈使,建议包括说话者在的人采取一行动:

Let’s not waste any more time.

其否除“Let’s not…”外也可以用“Don’t lets”: Don’t let’s waste any more time.

let+名词/代词+不带 to 的不定式,表示“允许”: Don't let him persuade you. 不要他把你说服了. Let me try. 我试一拭.

Don't let the children touch anything in this room please.

如果宾语是 us,则不缩写成 let’sPlease let us have more time, will you?

let 面可以跟一个被动的、不带 to 的不定式

He let it be known that the house was his.

 


let 不用于被动意义来表示“被允许”,这时allowWe were not allowed to speak.

 

Multiple choice questions

5     After     b  out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress.

a. she was seeking b. she had sought c. sought d. when she sought after, before 两种概念:子或 V+ingafter 接进行时态

9 She returned the following day. She returned the day     c  .

a. other b.next c. after d. else

else 放在不代词或问代词后, who elseanyone elseelse 不跟名词

other, next 作形容词用, 单个形容词修饰一个名词一要放在被修饰词之前, the next daythe other

books

after =later 可以放在结尾, 副词表达

three days later / three days after

after before 对应, 可以放在末作副词用

I've never seen it before.

 

【语法精粹】

1 The    b_ news made them     _.

a. excited/exciting b.exciting/excited

c. exciting/to be excited d.excited /excited make sb. do sth.make sth. +形容词

Make the room warm.

 

3    d  , all the quarrels came to an end.

a. The lost moneywas found b. Was the lost money found

c. Because the lost money found d. With the lost money found quarrel n. 吵架, 反目, 怨言, 争吵的原因vi. 吵架, 争论, 挑剔

a. 出现了两个主语和谓语动 b. 不对, 原因

c. Because + , was d. , with 能加句子非谓语动词表达被动含义,不作谓语

4Many of our dreams _  d     impossible in the past have come true.

a. were considered b. to be considered c. considering d.considered

定式除了表示目的外,还可以表示将要发生的事(在时间)

V-ing 表示动作于现阶段,表达主动V-ed 表示已经过了,表达被动. b,d 的不同在于 “in the past” 时态的差

6After a whole day’s heavy work,the old worker returned home,      a  

a. hungry and exhausted b. hungry and exhausting

c. hungry and being exhausted d. huangry and exhaust exhaust vt. 用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽vi. 排气

 


n. 排气, 排气装置;adj. 用不完的, 不会枯竭的

形容词语作状语

 


Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise?

New words and expressions】生词和短语16

blessing n. 福分,福气

disguise n. 伪装

tiny adj. 极小的

possess v.

cursed adj. 恨的

increase v.

plant v. 种植

church n. 教堂

evil adj. 坏的

reputation n. 名声

claim v. 以……为其后果

victim n. 受害者,牺牲品

vicar n. 牧师

source n. 来源

income n. 收入

trunk n. 树干

blessing n. 福气, 福分

bless v. 保佑

God bless you! =Bless you! 帝保佑你

Bless my country. 保佑我的国家

disguise n. 伪装

in disguise 穿伪装的

a wolf in disguise 羊皮的狼, 被伪装的狼

a blessing in disguise 因祸得福

a curse in disguise

(curse] n. 诅咒, 咒语, 祸根, 祸因vt. 诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸, 使受罪)

 

tiny adj. 极小的

tiny = very very small

 

possess v.

sb. possess sth. 人有

possession n. , 占有, , , 领土, 领地, 财产(常用复数), 自制

in one's possession 人有

cursed adj. 恨的

cursed adj. 被诅咒的, 邪恶的

 


如果有-ed 构成形容词, 为形容词读音要读/id/

increase vt.

add 物动词grow 为不物动词

plant v. 种植

plant 强调把东西给种

plant tree 种树(只是种, 活不活不管)

Tree Planting day 植树节

grow v.

grow sth. 种庄稼(不但种还要它生)

 

church n. 教堂

church the 表示地点;church the 和功

go to the church 去教堂玩

I am at the church. 在教堂玩

go to church 去教堂礼拜

I am at church. 礼拜

evil adj. 坏的

evil = wicked adj. 邪恶的

reputation n. 名声

good reputation  好名声 bad reputation 坏名

fame n. 名声(一是好名声), 名望, 传说, <>传闻 famous  adj. 著名的, 出名的, <>极好的, 人满意

claim v. 以……为其后果

claim = take , 索取

claim 可以表示(疾病、意外)夺去(生

The accident claimed a few lives.

 

source n. 来源

resource  n. 资源(一次又一次的来源,re-) reread vt.重读, 再读

sauce n. 沙司, 酱油, 调味料vt. 调味, 使增趣味(读音与 source

income n. 收入

rent v. 租,租借,出租n. 租金

interest n.  兴趣,心,重要响,利息,利益,利害

vt. 使发生兴趣,引起……的注意

bonus n. 奖金, 红利

 


DINK-丁克家族 : DdoubleIincomeNnoKkids

 


kid n.哄骗,取笑,开玩笑,小孩,小ft羊v哄骗,取笑,开玩笑,欺骗

Text

The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

 

参考译文

据说弗林利这个小村里有一棵 该诅咒的树 . 因为报提到过这棵树, 所以现在来弗林利参观的人越来越.  该树是 50  年前栽在教堂附近的,  但只是近几年才得到了一个坏名声.  据说,  要是触摸了这棵树, 谁就会交恶运; 如果摘了一片树叶, 谁就会死去. 村民信此树已经害了不少人. 人们曾请求教的牧师叫人把树砍掉,  但他直到现在没有同意.  他指出,  由于人们从全国各地纷纷前来参观这棵树,  成了一个有用的财源. 尽管有述种种说, 但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树干. 然而到目前为止, 还没有一个人暴死呢!

 

【课文讲解】

1The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.

There//主语 +be said to do sth. 据说……(是对的事发一种慎的说

There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa.

Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class.

It’s not as old as it’s said to be. 它并不像人们说的那么古老。

it is said that… 据说……

It is said that he is very good. He is said to be very good. 据说他人非常好用于这种结构的动词除了  say之外,还有believeknowfindfearthink

It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train.

在这次列车事故中,恐怕有不少人丧生。

the tiny village of Frinley  弗林利这个小村庄,其中介of 表示的是同位系: the city of Beijing 名叫北京的城市

at the age of twenty 20 岁时

a height of three feet 三英尺的高

2Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. mention vt. 提到,

My father ofter mentions you.

 


in a newspaper 强调报纸里

on the newspaper 与报纸容无, 如你自在报纸记了什么东西时用 “on”

a number of…lots of… 多……(后跟数名词的复数,复数看待,从前往后翻, 强调后东西)

a number of students 学生

the number of… ……的数量/总数(后跟数名词的复数,但单数看,从后往前翻,  强调数量

the number of students 学生的数量

3The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.

it is/was (被强调部分 that/who(m)+  强调结

It is I that am looking for you. 强调 “I”

It is Jack who(m) Frank phoned last night. gainget 得到

4It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die.

英语中分号可以断开两个

anyone 任何人,与 he 对应

If anyone wanted to go there, he will do sth.

 

5The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. sb. be asked to do sth. 被请求做某事,sb.

have sth. done 使事被,叫人完成

I will go to have mybicycle repaired. 人修车

I will go to repair my bicycle. (自修车

I will have my hair cut.

make sth. done 让某事被

Could you make yourself known? 能让别道你吗?(你的自我介绍)

=Could you introduce yourdself? 自我介绍一?

Could you make youself heard ? 能让别人听到你吗?(大声?)

make 的用make +宾语+宾补make +sb.+do 让某做某make +sth.+done 让别做某

so far 迄今为止(常与现在完成时

He hasn’t returned my books so far.

 

6He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.

point out = explain 指出,解释

I realized that he had make a mistake, so I pointed it out to him immediately. He pointed out that it was a mistake not to help them.

 

7 In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.

in spite of 尽管,虽然;不顾,不管

 


He set off in spite of the heavy rain.

in spite of all that… = in spite of what 尽管……

in spite of 介词后接从, 能加 what 引导的从

In spite of what you have told me, I still believe (that) he has stolen the money.

 

8So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

not one ofnone of  一个人没有……,单数≠no one ofno one 能加 ofbe struck down 被打倒(stike down 使……生重病,杀死)

Many people were struck down in that war. He was stuck down by cancer last year.

poverty-struck 穷困潦倒 poverty n. 贫穷, 贫困, 贫乏, 缺少

Letter writing常用开语:

You will be glad to hear that…

Thank you for letting me know that…

 

 

Special difficultiesIncrease and Grow

increase vt. &vi. ,增大,增,增强

The firm has increased his salary. His salary has increased.

grow vi. ,成,生

The number of vistors to Frinley has now grown/increased. The students in this university has grown in number.

How tall you’ve become! How you’ve grown!

She has grown so much she is nearly as tall as I am. growincrease(表示数量增)

The number is increasing/growing.

 

Gain and Earn

gain vt. 获得,得到(=get sth.受益,获益(earn 无此含义

Jane has gained much from her year in Australia.

earn vt. (通过努力)获得,得到赚钱(gain 无此含义

earn money 挣钱

earn one's living 谋生

Try to save as you earn. 挣了钱时要设存起来。

She earns $500 a month.

It has gained/earned an evil reputation.

 

Pick and Cut

pick vt. 采摘,采集

 


They picked a lot of flowers yesterday.

cut vt. 切,割,剪

She cut an apple in two. Can you cut your own hair?

 

Multiple choice questions

4 If anyone picked the leaves, he    a die.

a. would b. will c.shall d. would have

虚拟语气:如果 if 直接出现常条件的话,会出现一现在时,一旦出现一过去时,是与现在事实反的虚拟语气。

6      b all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves.

a. In spite b. Despite c. Even d. Even so in spite of + 名词/what 引导的从,不of

despite = in spite of  despite prep. 不管, 尽管, 不论

even though 尽管(面加句),没有 even alleven so 的表达

7     So far     d  of them has been struck down by sudden death.

a. no one b. nobody c. not any d.none ‘no one’, ‘nobody’ ’of’

没有’not any of的结构,只有‘any of’

9     The number of visitors has increased. The number has _ a_ .

a. grown  b. grown up c.overgrown d. grown old grown up (只与人)

overgrow 

grown old 变老了,不译为 老了

grow 作为实义动词,面加介词或副词,一旦后面加了形容词,不再表示 的意思,将表示

变得=get

 

10     It has    d  an evil reputation.

a. won  b.beaten c. profited d. earned win v. 赢得(通过比或竞争) beat               v. 打败(对手)

profit n.利润, , 得益vi. 得益, 利用vt. 有益于, 有利于

gain = get 获得

 


Lesson 59 In or out?

New words and expressions】生词和短语8

bark v. 狗叫

press v. 按,压

paw n. 脚爪

latch n. 门闩

expert n. 专家

develop v. 养成

habit n. 习惯

remove v. 拆掉,取

bark v. 狗叫

The dog is barking.

sb. is barking. 人在咆哮

press v. ,

vt.&vi. 按,挤,压

She pressed my hand warmly. 热情地握我的手。

Can you press that button for me please?

vt. 挤取,榨取(……的汁

This is the time of the year when they press their grapes. If you prefer juice, you can press some oranges.

vt. 促,敦促,竭力劝

My parents pressed me to enter for the competition.

I don’t like to be pressed. 我不喜欢被人

pressure n. , 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制,

paw n. 脚爪

cat's paw 被利用的人(由寓言)

I don't want to be a cat's paw 我才不想被人利用

latch n. 门闩

latch n. 门闩(庭院,花园中的门闩

bar n. 门闩(latch 不同

expert n. 专家

expert at/in sth. 一方是专家

expert at/in doing sth.

expert at/in opening the door

 

develop v. 养成

 


vt. &vi. 发展,扩展

The village has developed into a town now.

Do you believe that you can develop your mind through watching TV?

信通过看电视开发你的智力吗? It’s hard to develop your business in this city. developing skills 发展技巧

fluency in English 流利英语 fluency n.流利, 流畅, 雄辩) developing country  发展中国家 developed country  发达国家 V-ed 强调已经,V-ing 强调在,有时态的区别

boiling water   滚开水 boiled water   开水

develop the film 冲洗胶卷

vt. &vi.(逐渐)显现出,产生,获得,养成

She developed an interestin swimming.   她对游泳产生了兴趣。

 

habit

n. 习惯(指个人习惯)

 

 

custom

n. 风俗,习俗 customs

n. 关 ; customer

n. 顾客

remove   v. 拆掉,

remove sth. from    ……挪走

Text

Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and dark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.

参考译文

我家的狗雷克斯, 过去常坐在大门外. 它想到花园里来时, 便汪汪叫个不停, 直到有人把门打开. 由于邻居们对狗叫很有意见, 所以我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练它用脚爪按门闩把自放进来. 雷克斯很快成了开门的专家. 然而上星期我要出去买东西时, 发现它呆在花园里边靠门的地方. 这次它叫着让人把它放出去!从那, 它养成了另外一种坏习惯. 它从外把门一打开, 走进花园, 等着门自动. 这之后他汪汪叫起来, 直到有人来把它放出去. 出去之后, 它又马把自放进来, 再开始叫.昨天, 我丈夫把大门卸了, 雷克斯很生气, 此后我们便再没有见到它.

 

【课文讲解】

1Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and dark. front gate 前门

wouldused to    过去常常

 


2Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door.

every timewhen ,每次,无论何时(后面可以时间,也可以是段时间

Every time I turn to lesson 59, I will remember my teacher. the monmentas soon as ……就……(强调的是瞬间)

 

3As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.

complaim of… ……

sb. spend time (in) doingsth./on sth. 费某段时间去做某事(人作主语

Why don’t you spend more time on studies? I spent two weeks (in) reading this book.

It takes sb. some times todo sth. 事花了少时间(事情做主语

train sb. to do sth. 训练做某

let sb. do sth. 让某做某

let sb. in 让某人进来 let sb. out 让某人出

let sb. down 让某人失望

press his paw on the latch = press the latch

press the button / press the figure on the button

 

4Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.

become an expert at doing sth. 成了……能/专家/权威

John is an expert at driving a car. She is an expert in flowers.

Sam is an expert on that problem.

 

5However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. going out shopping out 强调外出

6Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. so…that… 如此……以至于,结果状语从可以省略一个词,so that 都可以

so that 便于……,为了(目的状语从

This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! since() = since then : 从那时起到现在为止

Special difficulties

ToIn order toSo as toSo thatIn order that 表达目的几种方式

to 的不定式及 in order to so as to 可以用来表示目的:

I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn French. not to 可以用来表示取舍:

I went to France not to study French, but to study chemics. so as not to/in order not to 可以用于表示“防”:

I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not to wake the bady.

 


bringbuyneedtakeusewant  动词后经常用宾语to  定式,用来表示宾语的目的。

I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.

so thatin order that 可以引导目的状语从。目的状语从必须具备一个, 在动词前要出现态动词,用一现在时、现在完成时或一将来时的时候,so that in order that 面可以maycan will;当用一过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候,so that in order that 面可以shouldcouldmight would

I’ve arrived early so that/ in order that I may/ can /will get the tickets. I arrivd early so that/in order that I might not miss anything.

前后主语不一致时,不定式面加 for +名词/代词比 that 结构简洁,不定式的逻辑主语 for sb. to do

sth.

He was barking for someone to let him out.

=He was barking so that someone would let him out.

 

Multiple choice questions

6     He was barking     a  let him in.

a. for someone to b. in case someone

c. so someone to d. so thatsomeone so that 引导目的状语从

in case+ 防万一, 如果 (状语从,不会出现将来)

Bring your umbrella in case it rains.

so 表示结果,引导子,so 一旦出现会加句子,to 是不定式是非谓语

to do sth. 定式做目的状语

for sb. to do sth. = so that sb. do sth.

 

7     As soon as he    b_ the gate from the outside he comes into the garden.

a. will open b.opens c. is opening d. has been opening as soon as 引导状语从,状语从中使用一现在时取代一将来时

be opening 强调动作在发生

has been doing 现在完成进行时强调从过去延续到现在,并且不将延续

 


Lesson 60 The future

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

future n. 未来,前途

fair n. 集市

fortune-teller n.

crystal n. 水晶

relation n. 亲属

impatiently adv. 不耐烦地

relation n. 亲属

n. (事物间的)系,联(不

I know little about the relation of/between time and space.

Is there any relation between the hot snake and the forest fire?

n. (国家、人民之间的)系,往来(

Friendly relations have been developed between the two cities. They have broken relations with that firm.

n. 亲戚,亲属(

A near relation of yours is coming to see you.

 

Text

At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. I went into her tent and she told me to sit down. After I had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said: 'A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. That is all.'

As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. 'Where have you been hiding?' she asked impatiently. 'Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We are late already.' As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair.

参考译文

在一个乡村集市,我决去拜访一位称作林斯夫人的算人。我走进她的帐篷,她叫我坐。我给了她一些钱后,她便查看一个水晶球说道:“您的一个亲戚要来看您了。她将于今天傍晚到达,并准备几天。您一走出这个帐篷,会大吃一惊。一位您很熟悉的女人将向您冲来。她会对您说什么,  后带您开这个地方。是这些。”

我一走出帐篷,林斯基夫人给算卦的事忘得一干二净了,因为我的妻子匆匆向我跑来。“你躲到哪去了?”她不耐烦地问,“再有不到一个小时你姐姐要到这了,我们得去车站接她。现在经晚了。”她走开时,我她出了集市。

【课文讲解】

 


1A relation of yours is coming to see you.

a relation of yours 您的一个亲戚(双重有格

中的现在进行时并不表示目前在进行的动作,表示将要发生的事

2The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise.

the moment = as  soon as ……就……(在这个词引导的时间状语从中要用一现在时来表示将来时)

3That is all.

在口语中表示“完了,这些,事情就是这样”。

He borrowed some money from me. That’s all. 他向我借了些钱,仅此已。

4As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me.

话中的 all 是代词,表示“一切,全部,有的事”,它作主语时被视为单数:

All I can remember is her name.

hurry towards sb. 人匆匆走去

5Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. must be 表示用现在时态指将来的状况,这也可变成:

We must go to the station to meet her.

 

 


Key structures


表示将要发Th的事情

 


在英语中,现在进行时也可用来表示为将来安排好的活动和事件。这种用通常需要一个表示时间的 状

语(往往是不久的将来arrivecomegoleave 动词的进行经常有这种用,表示行安排有“将到达,将去”意思:

He’s arriving this evening.

We’re spending next winter in Australia. He’s meeting the vicar in two days’ time.

时间状语从表示将来时,在 afteras soon asbeforeby the timethe momenttilluntil when通常不用一将来时用一现在时不用将来完成时用现在完成时。这两种现在时态在时间词后常常可以互换:

The Thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is/ has been born. I’ll make it before he comes.

在第 1 类条件中,if 之后通常用一现在时表示将来可能发生的事:

If he gets the job, he’ll be going abroad. I’ll give her a meal if she’s hungry.

Special Difficulties

由名词+名词构成的复合名词

第一个名词通常起形容词(或修饰语)的作用,且一般都用单数。这类复合名词可以代替 of 结构, 如

a car key(汽车钥匙a chair leg(椅子腿);也可以理解为第一个名词指地,第二个词指该地中的东西,a village pub(乡村酒吧),a world record(世界纪录),a kitchen sink(厨房洗涤槽;也可以表示

 


时间,如a Christams card(圣诞卡),an evening dress(晚礼服afternoon tea午茶;也可以表示分类,a horror film(恐怖电),a flower shop(花店),a taxi-driver(出租车司机;也可以表示材料,如 a fur coat(裘皮大衣a gold watch(金表cigarette ends(香烟)。

 


Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble

New words and expressions】生词和短语17

Hubble n. 哈勃

telescope n. 望远镜

launch v. 发射

space n. 空间

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 国家航空和航天局

billion n. 10 亿

faulty adj. 有错误的

astronaut n. 宇航员

shuttle n. 航天飞机

Endeavour n. “奋进”号

robot-arm n. 机器手

grab v.

atmosphere n. 大气层

distant adj. 遥远的

galaxy n. 星系

universe n. 宇宙

eagle eye 鹰眼

space n. 空间(指宇宙空间)

room n. 空间(不房间(

Could you make room for me? 为我腾一空间吗?

 

robot-arm n. 机器手

robot n. 机器人, 遥控设备, 自动机械, 机械工作的人

atmosphere n. 大气层

atmosphere n. 大气,空气,气氛,氛围

I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental school for its good atmosphere.

 

Text

The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful

 


 

pictures.

 

参考译文

哈勃望远镜于 1990 4 20 日由国家航空航天局发射升空, 耗资 10 亿美元. 从最开始哈勃望远镜有问它传送给我们的图像很人失望因为它的主要镜子有误差国家航天局准备纠这一错误,此将把 4 名宇航员送入太空修复望远镜. “奋进号航天飞机将把宇航员送哈勃. 宇航员进行必要的修复工作时, “奋进 的一只机器手将抓望远镜并托. 当然, 哈勃位于地球的大气层之外, 因此,它很快会给我们传送我们见到过的、有行星和远距星系的最清晰的照片. 哈勃将告诉我们有宇宙的年龄和大小的许到你读到这篇文章时敏锐的哈勃望远镜已经为我们送来了成千万张精彩的照.

 

【课文讲解】

1  The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion

dollars.

at a cost of ……,耗资,以……/

He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of $10,000.

NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局(单词縮写一般都是组织或者机构

2Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. right from the start 从最开始(right 起强调作用) He didn’t want to work at the firm (right) from the start.

trouble with… ……有麻烦

What's the trouble with you? 你有什么麻烦? (医生常这样问)

There is (engine) trouble with my car.

 

3The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! fault n. 错误  faulty adj. 有错误的

Sorry, it's my fault.

 

4NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. put sth. right              修好(故障),校,纠

Remember to put the lights right tomorrow. send up 

5 A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.

hold it 

6The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. a great deal 大量

a great deal of… 大量的……

 


7By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.

by the time 到那时

engle eye 鹰眼,锐利目光

His father’s eagle eye is always on him. thousands and thousands of 成千万的

There are hundreds of thousands/thousands and thousands of cars in this city.

 

Letter Writing 常见的书信开

I have not heard from you for some time, so… It was very kind of you to…

 

 


Key structures


将来完成时、将来进行时和将来完成进行时

 


将来完成时的构成:will have done,表示到将来一时刻已经完成的动作,必须和个时间状语用,

强调到将来时间动作的结束。

Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.

将来进行时的构成:will be doing,表示将来个时候在进行的动作或表示计划好的事,陈述将来的事实。

They will be arriving here tomorrow.

将来完成进行时的构成:will have been doing,表示种状况一直持续到说话人的时间,从

发生一直延续到将来的并且将可能延续去,强调到将来时间动作可能结束或延续。

By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years. By Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days.

work on sth. ……的工作

在时间状语从中,要用现在完成时代替将来完成时:

By the time I’ve completed this one, I’ll have been writing for six years.

到我写完这本书时,我将已经写了 6 年书了。

When I’ve built this one, I’ll have built five altogether.

 

Special Difficulties

Cost, Price, Value cost

n. 格,钱,用(侧重指项服务、工程等,成本(复数

at the cost of 以……用,造价……

They built the bridge at a cost of over $600,000.

I don’t know the costs ofthese cars. 我不道这些车的成本是少。

vt. 钱为……,(使)花(不用于被动语态

The new car cost him $5,000.

How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space? What does this blouse cost, please? 请问, 这件衬衣少钱?

 


 

price

n. 格,钱(侧重于指个具东西或商品的,物(复数

How much is that blouse? Let's ask the price. What’s the price of the dress, please?

Prices are going up again. 涨了。

v. ……钱,查明/查询…………定价/

They priced cars for two days before they bought one. The dress is priced at $50, but you can have it at $40.

I want to price the bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any.

我想在买床单之前打听几家商店的.

value

n. 表示抽象的值或重要值观(复数

The stolen items were of sentimental, rather than financial value.

被盗物品具有的涵义, 不是经济. This book is of great value to me.

His values are different from those of mine.

vt. 尊重,重视

value sth. 认为……

value sth. owned by oneself 敝帚自珍

Value your time. 珍惜时间

If you don’t value my advice, I’ll speak no more.

 

Exercise 练习

1     There has been a sharp rise in the(price)(cost)(value) of living.

2     Whenever I buy anything new, my father always asks me the(value)(cost)(price).

3     If you have to work for something you will(value)(price)(cost) it more.

4     That house(valued)(cost)(priced) a fortune to build.

5     Dr. James's work is of enormous(value)(cost)(price) to the community.

6     Jane has(valued)(cost)(priced) the alternative products and she recommends this one.

7     So far, ten countries have given money towards the(value)(price)(cost) of rebuilding after the earthquake.

 

1  sharp rise: 大幅升的

the cost of living 生活的

2  price

3  value : 表示认为有

4  fortune : 一大财产

cost

5  community : ,社会

value :

of great (enormous)value 有巨大的enormous adj. 巨大的

6  alternative 另外的

recommend : 推荐

 


price sth. 比较

7  towards = to

the cost of rebuilding 重建

Multiple choice questions

2  The Hubble telescope _ a_ .

a.  will tell us a great deal about the universe

b.  cost a lot but was almost worthless

c.  will measure the size of the earth

d.  requires constant care from the astronauts

constant n. [数、物]常数, 恒量adj. 不变的, 持续的, 坚决的

5 A robot-arm will hold the telescope     a  the astronauts to repair it.

a. for b.so that c. so long as d.which for sb. to do sth. 基本结构

so that+子  so long as+: 表示只要 which +

11     The main mirror of the Hubble   d      .

a. had problems b. was distant c. was the clearest d. requiresrepairs had problems 有问

problem with sth. ……出问(习惯用)

There was a problem with its main mirror. problem 的两个含义:questiontrouble reauires repairs 需要修

12     The Hubble is      d   the earth's atmosphere.

a. below  b. over c. within d. outside above ……(凌空)

above the earth’s atmosphere 在大气层的

 


Lesson 62 Affer the fire

New words and expressions】生词和短语15

control n. 控制

smoke n.

desolate adj. 荒凉的

threaten v. 威胁

surrounding adj. 周围的

destruction n. 破坏,毁灭

flood n. 洪水,水灾

authority n. (常用复数)

grass-seed n. 草籽

spray v. 喷撒

quantity n.

root n.

century n. 世纪

patch n. 小片

blacken v. 变黑,发暗

control n. 控制

in control 在控制之

under control 在控制之,被控制

out of control 失控

control<v.> sth.

I can control it. =I can manage it. (口语) under arrest <n.> 被逮捕

smoke n. 烟(雾

full of smoke 充满烟雾

smokey adj. 烟的(名词-y, 变为形容词

smokey area 吸烟 nonsmokey area 禁烟

rain – rainy cloud - cloudy smoker n. 抽烟的人

heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人 nonsmoker 不抽烟的人

smoke v. 吸烟

Don't smoke! = No smoking! He smoked heavily.

smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室

smoking apartment 火车的吸烟车厢

cigarette = cigar n. 香烟

desolate adj. 荒凉的

 


desolate  adj. 荒凉的(与地方相连,表示无人居, 荒无人烟的孤独的(与人相连) lonely adj.  孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的(与地方表示孤零零的,但并不表示无人居

threaten v. 威胁的

threaten to do sth. 威胁做……(与人相连有迹象表明……

It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要雨了。

threaten sb. with sth. 以……来威胁/恐吓

The thief threatened him with a knife.

The whole village is threatened with destruction.

 

surrounding adj. 周围的

surroundings n. 环境(在周边的事物)

atmosphere n. 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环境)

 

destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭

destroy v. 破坏

destructive adj. 毁灭

construct v. 建设(……创造好的条件) construction  n. 建设, 建筑

construction bank 建设银行 constructive adj. 建设(意见) build v. 建设(的建)

 

flood n. 洪水, 水灾

flood = floods 对,都可以用,无区别

authority  n. (常用复authorities) authority n. 权威(单数)

spray v. 喷撒

spray sth. over/on ……上喷洒

spray water over/on flower

spray grass-seed over/on the ground

 

quantity n. (数)量 quantities of 大量的…… quality   n. 质量

sth. with good quality 具有好质量的东西

root n.

What is the root cause? 根本原因是什么?

root of… ……的根

take root 生根

 


come out 出来

shoot come out 发芽shoot n.

flower come out 开花

get out 出去

patch n. 小片,颜色和周围不同的部分

patch n. (面上)一片, 补丁(本意)

What is that yellow patch on the wall? 那块黄斑是什么?

a patch of 一小片 patches of 

There are patches of cloud in the sky.

a piece of / a bit of / asheet of 一片,一块……

blacken v. 变黑,发暗

The smoke has blacken the walls. 烟把墙熏黑了。

-en  后缀表示动词,译为“使……变得……

weak adj. 虚弱的 ——> weaken v. 使……变弱,削弱复合词(由两个词组合成一个词,如 fireman

派生词(前缀或后缀的词)如-tion —— 名词后缀- less —— 形容词后缀

Text

Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

参考译文

消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近 3 个星期才最后把火势控制. 在不久之前, 参天大树还覆方圆数英里的土地. 现在, 的地面上升腾烟雾, 弥漫在荒凉的ft丘. 冬季即将来临, 这些 ft丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭的威胁, 因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤, 且还会引起严重的水灾. 在大火最后被扑灭后, 森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生迅速的殊类型的草籽. 飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地.飞机撒播近一个月后, 开始起雨来. 然而到那时, 地方的草已经生了根. 一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地, 代替了少世纪来一直生在那里的参天大树.

 

【课文讲解】

1Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. fight sth. ……作搏斗

 


get it under control 表示“使它得到控制”,get 有“使……处种状态”的含义,“get+宾语+介词语”作宾补:

The Government can no longer keep prices under control. 政府已控制不

Get the room in order.

 

2A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. a short time before a short time ago 都可以与段时间相连

a short time before 不久前,从过去时间算起,一段时间

a short time ago 过去段时间,从现在算起,一段时间

for miles around 方圆几英里(around 表示“在周围,向四周”

This is the only modern building for miles around.

 

3Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. rise up (from) 

smoke rise up (烟、雾)弥漫

4  Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.

winter was coming on 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达)come on 的过去进行时形表示的是过去将来时,它在这里表示季节的“到来,来临”:

When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere. I was still in the forest when night came on.

wash away 冲掉,冲走,洗掉

A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood. I can’t wash the spot away.

 

5  When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.

put out 扑灭

order 

type 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的征的种类,与 kind 区别

6The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. quantity 单数时仅表示“数量”,既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少:

They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night. quantity 复数时表示“大量”:

He bought books in (large) quantities.

 

7By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. take root 表示“生根”,这个也可以表示某处思想/法等“扎根”:

This type of grass takes root easily. The idea has taken root in his mind.

8In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had

 


 

begun to appear in the blackened soil.

in place of  替代,取代(指代位、空间,原来放的东西现在不在了) In place of a cup , I put avase there.  前放的是茶杯,现在放的是花瓶。 Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.

instead of    替代+的事

Instead of staying home, I went to school. (此句就用“in place of”,指地空间时,既可以用 “in place of也可以用“instead of”。

Summary writing

2     Had all the great trees been burnt or not? Was there danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods or not? Would the floods destroy the surrounding villages or not?(Now that… which)

3     Did the forest authorities order grass-seed to prevent this or not ? For how long was it sprayed over the ground by planes?(To prevent this…which…)

4     Did it begin to rain or not? Where had the grass taken root? (By the time that…)

 

2 Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.

now that  which 语从

3 To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.

to prevent… 为了预防……

4 By the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil.

by the time(that) ……时候为止 (that 可以省略),应解为“before

 

 


Key structures


过去完成时和过去完成进行时

 


过去完成进行时的构成:had been +现在分词

过去完成进行时用于强调动作在过去一段时间一直在进行,并对过去一时刻产生结果, 过去完成进行时也可用来表示过去经常重复的动作,还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据得出结论。与它 经常用的表示时间的词有 beforeforsinceall day

She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.

Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.

在包含间接引语的子中,如果引述词是过去时态,则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时。

过去完成时与过去完成进行时有时可以互换。但需要表示个工作已经完成时,只用过去完成时。

When I arrived, they’d alredy put the fire out.

 

Special Difficulties

Control and Check control

vt. 控制,指挥,配,管

Don’t try to control other people.

 


n. 控制(),配(

It’s hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control.

check vt. 检查,核对,查看

They’re going to check our passports.

 

Great and Big

great adj. 大的(强调重要),伟大的,重大的,重要的

Frank has just made a great decision.

big adj. 大的(强调积、积、规模的大) Sam is a big man.

 

Soil and Ground

soil n. 泥土(能让植物生),土,土地,土壤

Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.

ground n. 地表,地(与土壤无),场地,土地

He threw the cup to the ground.

 

Multiple choice questions

6 The planes    c  nearly a month to plant the seed.

a. did b. made c.took d. had

时间的表达:如果人作主语用 spend用时间表达用 take

 

9 Large     d of seed were used.

a. weights b. measures c. tons d. amounts

weight n. 重量 measures v. 测量 tons n. several tonslarge amounts 大量的,修饰不数名词

11 Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass      d  _.

a. every where b. only in one or two places

c. in one place d. here and there patches

everywhere 每一寸土地上都长着东西

here and there 这一块, 那一块, , 不一是每一寸

 


Lesson 63 She was not amused

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

circle n. 圈子

admire v. 赞美,钦佩

close adj. 亲密的

wedding n.

reception n. 招待会

sort n. 种类

admire v. 赞美,钦佩

vt. 钦佩,赞赏

I admire his music more than anyone else’s. admire sb. for sth. 因为……羡慕

I admire him for his richness/house/clever daughter/konwledge.

vt. 欣赏,观赏

While admiring the new building, I heard someone calling my name.

vt. (口语)夸奖,称赞

She likes to hear her children admired.

 

close adj. 亲密的

close friend 亲密的朋友

reception n. 招待会

reception party

wedding reception 

news conference 新闻发布会记者招待会

sort n. 种类,类型(常与of

type  种类(有征的

sort kind 有时可以互换,但在下面两种sort

that sort of person 那种人

sort 含有讽刺意味

That's the sort of thing you like best.

You mustn’t mix with that sortof people. 你不得与那种人交往。

Text

Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour -- everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. Recently, one of Jeremy's closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves. He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny. He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a

 


 

great success. As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home. Jeremy was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. To his surprise, she said she hadn't. Jeremy asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!

 

参考译文

杰里米·汉普登交际甚广,  是各种聚会上深受大家欢迎的人.  人人钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感——人人,是说,  除他 6  岁的女珍妮之外的每一个人.  最近,  杰里米的一个最亲密的朋友请他在一个祝词.是杰里米喜欢的事. 他认真准备了讲稿, 珍妮一道去参. 他的祝词里面加进了大量逗人的故事, 大获成功. 他刚一讲完, 珍妮对他说她要回家. 这不免使杰里米有扫兴, 但他还是按照女的要求. 在回家的路, 他问珍妮是否喜欢他的祝词. 使他吃惊的是, 她说她不喜欢. 杰里米问她为何不喜欢, 她说她不意看到那么的人嘲笑他!

 

【课文讲解】

1Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. have a large circle of friends 有一个很大的朋友圈子, 交际很广

sb. has/have a lot of friends

He has a large circle of friends. 他有很朋友

circle 的含义之一是“(具有同利益或兴趣的人形成的)圈子,……界”

Such things are never talked about in business circles.

Jeremy used to have a large circle of friends, but now he likes being alone. popular adj. 受欢迎的,得人心的

Mary is always popular with/among children.

 

2Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour -- everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny.

admirefor 钦佩…………

that is 为插入语,一旦插在, 是作为固结构, 意思是“那是说,亦即”,起解释作用

He is coming home next Monday, that is, April 5th. sense of humour 幽默感

George has no sense of humour.

He is a man without humour.

 

3This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves. the sort of, the kind of 的后面加单数

4He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny. prepare sth. 准备做……,后容有

I am preparing a speech. speech n. 发言

prepare for sth. ……作准备,后不一容有

5He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success.

 


included  包含(把里面内容的一部分挑出来说

contain 强调容器里的包含, 要把有的东西列举出来

It was a great success. 表示“这事的不错,不同凡响,很成功”

6Jeremy was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. a little , 有一

be disappointed by… 因为……感到失望

as + 如同……那样,以……的方(方状语从

do as you are told 按你被告

This fish isn’t cooked as I like it.

 

7Jeremy asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!

why this was sothis 可以作主语, 也可以作宾语,so 作宾语, 放在动词后

I think so. / I hope so. / I guess so. / I expect so.

I refuse to do so. 我拒绝这样

see sb. doing sth. 看见在作

so many people 跟数字相连的前要用 so

 

laugh

vi. ()

You’re very kind to laugh when I tell a funny story. Everybody laughed out loud when he said that.

vi. 嘲笑(介词用 at

If you go round daying things like that, everyone will laugh at you.

如果你到说那种话,有的人会嘲笑你的。如果 laugh at 后跟的是物,表示“因……而发笑”:

You’re very kind to laugh at my funny stories.

 

Summary writing

1 Is Jeremy Hampden greatly admired for his great sense of humour or not? What was he invited to do? Did he immediately agree to do so or not? (When Jeremy... who is...)

When Jeremy Hampden, who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour , was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception, he immediately agreed to do so.

在不使子产生歧义的前提,语从句可放在其修饰的整个子的后, 以下:

The brother, who was standing near the house, wanted to goswimming. The brother wanted to go swimming who was standing near the house .

下面容易产生歧义:

The brother, who was standing near the house , wanted to talk with the girl.

The brother wanted to talk with the girl who was standing near the house. (有歧义)

 

Letter Writing书信常见开

 


You must be very annoyed with me for… I have just heard that…

 

Multiple choice questions

4    a  Jenny, everyone admires him for his great sense of humour.

a. Except for b. Apart c. Except d. Unless unless adv. 除非

except for apart from

Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.

 

7  Jeremy was a little disappointed. He was     d   disappointed.

a. little b. somehow c. enough d. somewhat

a little 少量, 少许, 有一点点;little 几乎没有。与形容词或副词用时, a little与名词用时, a little, little 都可。何时用 a little, 何时用little, 是由说话人的态度区

somehow adv. 知怎么的

Somehow I fell in the hole.

somewhat adv. 有一些,有一somewhat a little

8  Everyone admires him. They     a  him.

a. think highly of b. laugh at  c. estimate d. esteem think of 考虑think highly of 赞扬

estimate v.   esteem v.

【语法精粹】

1  Simple photographic lenses can’t   D  sharp, undistorted images over a wide field.

A. to form B. are formed C. forming D. form

态动词后接动词原形构成谓语

2  Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one      B  the most.

A.  it influences farmers B. that influences farmers

C. farmers that it influences D. why farmers influence it

如果一子出现了谓语动词,再出现动词则可能是:① 并列系 ② 从③ 非谓语动词 ④ 介词

why  引导的从是表语从或宾语从

3  By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which_ B

A.  is a storm moving B. a storm is moving

C. is moving a storm D. a moving storm which 后接的是语从,且是 at which 中作成份

at which = at the speed

This is the river in which I swim.

 

4  During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross,     D  out of emergency headquarters in Mississppi,

 


 

set up temporary shelters for the homeless.

A. operates B. is operating C. has operated D. operating

 

6 During an eclipse ofthe sun,      in the shadow of the Moon.

A. the Earth lies B. the Earth when lying

C. that the Earth lies D. the lying Earth

少了主语和谓语动词

 


Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

tunnel n. 隧道

port n. 港口

ventilate v. 通风

chimney n. 烟囱

sea level 海平

double adj. 双的

ventilation n. 通风

fear v. 害怕

invasion n. 入侵,侵略

officially adv. 正式

connect v.

European adj. 欧洲的

continent n. 大陆

tunnel n. 隧道

channel n. The Channel 英吉利海峡

ventilate v. 通风

ventilation n. 通风

Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统

forced adj. 被迫的,强迫的,动用武力的

air v. 通风

Air the room, please! 给房间通通风

double adj. 双的

字母 W 的读音是“double u”,意为两个 u 构成 w . couplepair 两个

a couple of weeks

a pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜

fear v. 害怕

vt. 害怕,畏惧

sb. fear doing sth. 害怕做……

She fears speaking inpublic. sb. fear sth. 害怕……

I feared darkness.

be afraid of 害怕……

I am afraid of dogs.

be afraid of / fear 主语

 


vt. 恐怕,猜想(be afraid 正式

fear that… 恐怕……

We fear /It is feared/ We’re afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash. be afraid that… = I am sorry. 恐怕……(婉言谢绝)

Can you help me?

I am afraid I can't. = I am afraid not.

fright / frighten / frightening / frightened / frightful

sth. frighten sb. = sth. scare sb. ……吓了……一跳

You frightened/scared me.

The doy frightened me.

frighten=scare是因突然的事让某人产生了害怕的绪,子后边的部分是人  horrify v. 使恐怖, 使极厌恶, 惊骇

horrified adj. 惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的

invasion n. 入侵, 侵略

invade vt. 侵略, 侵袭,

officially   adv. 正式official adj. (官方的)正式 formally  adv. (一的)正式

connect v.

connect sth. with/to… …………连

connect A with B (A B ) connect A to B (A B )

This road connects the village with/to London.

 

European adj. 欧洲的

continent n. 大陆

European Continent 欧洲大陆(不包括欧洲岛国

Text

In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.

 


参考译文

1858 , 一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的国工师带建造一条21 英里、穿越英吉利海峡的隧道计划到了英国. 他说, 可以在隧道中央建造一座平台, 这座平台将用作码和火车站. 如果再建些伸出海的高大的烟囱状通风管, 隧道具备了良好的通风条件. 1860 , 一位名叫威廉·洛的英国人提出了一项好的计划. 他提议建一条双轨隧道, 这样解决了通风问. 因为如果有一列火车开进隧道, 新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道. 42 , 隧道实际已经开始建了. 如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵, 隧道已建成了. 世界不得不再将近 100 年才看到海峡隧道竣工. 它于 1994 3 7 正式开通, 将英国与欧洲大陆到了一起.

 

【课文讲解】

1In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile

tunnel under the English Channel.

plan for +名词/动名 ……的计

twenty-one-mile 加连字符,用单数,作

2This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.

serve as… =serve for… ……作用,用作……,充当……

It will serve as a swimming pool. This sofa can serve as/for (a) bed.

 

3In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. put forward (plan/suggestion) 提出(计划、建议

You know they wouldn’t accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?

 

4He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. suggest

vt. 暗示,用与其他的词

vt. 建议,用虚拟语气,后接动词是要用-ing ,后接 that 采用一种固的用should+动词原形”(should 省略)

I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略)

He suggested that I should gowith him. 他建议我一要跟他去. insist 作“坚持”讲时用suggest

He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留来吃晚饭.

 

5  This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.

draw in 吸进,如用bring 没有 draw in 形象、贴切

6If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.

虚拟语气(非真实条件)中,与现在事实反,从用一过去时与过去事实反,从用过去完成时,此时主 would have donewould/could/should 都可以

态动词have done 表示对过去的推测,如 must have donecan't have done

 


7The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. wait for sb.

wait (for) some times

I have waited five minutes. (for 不要)

I have waited for you (for) five minutes. I have waited five years for you.

 

Summary writing

1  Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (The tunnel, which…)

4  Did work begin fortytwo years later or not? Why was it stopped?(Though…because)

5  When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)

 

1 先行词, which : 限定性定语从

The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.

4       Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stoppedbecause…

5       However 起了副词的作用,面可以直接一个

Composition

1     The English Channel separates Britain from Europe. The country has not been invaded since1066. (Thanks to…which)

2     Modern warfare is far more complex. Such fears no longer exist.(However, now that…)

3     Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. (Both…and)

 

1       thanks to 幸亏(to 是介词)

Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe, the…

2       now that 即使

Howwever, now that moden warfare is far more complex ,such fears no longer exist.

即使现代战争越来越复杂了,然而这样的害怕已经不存在了

3       Both Britain and Europe benefit... (benefit 能加 s) benefit n. 利益,好处;vt. 有益于,有助于vi. 受益

 

 


Key structures


3 类条件句

 


3 类条件是在 if 里设想纯粹想像的事,在主里讲述想像的结果,谈的是没有或永远不

有的结果,指的是过去没有过的事。第 3 类条件的基本结构是 if 用过去完成时,主would have/ should have +过去分词:

If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.

If I had worked harded at school, I’d have got a better job.

if could have +过去分词代替 had been able to +动词原形: I’d have read that book if I could have bought it.

 


殊结构 : suggest/insist, 后接 that (should+动词原形)

 

Special difficulties

动词 draw 的一些短语

draw vt. 拉,拖

draw in 使……进入吸入

The smell of flowers in theshop drew us in. 花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。

draw back 后退,后缩收回,撤回

You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.

你们得靠自完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。

draw up ,使……住;起草,制订,拟订

I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me. Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?

draw off 撤走,

The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.

When the others were talking loudly, he quickly drew off.

 

Multiple choice questions

3 It would be possible to build a platform. A platform     c   .

a. could build b. would be built c. could be built d. would build could 可能 ;would 表示将来要

9 A plan was put forward by William Low. He    a it.

a. suggested  b. intended c. aimed at d. planned put forword 提出 intend to do sth.                            打算做……

aim at 目标是…… plan v.

suggest v. 建议

suggest + doing sth. suggest that 句; suggest + 名词或代词

11 It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally       b_ .

a. mixed b. joined together c. rejoined d. combined mix v. 混 合join  v. (), 强调使成为其中一员

rejoin v. 再次combine v.

connect 强调

 


Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

versus prep. (对抗的概念)

Christmas n. 圣诞节

circus n. 马戏团

present n. 礼物

accompany v. 陪伴, 随行

approach v. 走近

ought modal verb. 应该

weigh v.

fortunate adj. 幸运的

versus prep. (对抗的概念)

vs. …………vs.versus 的缩写,读音不变

Have you watched the game last night? It was France versus Italy.

 

Christmas n. 圣诞节 Christmas Eve  圣诞前夜 Father Christmas   圣诞老人

Santa Claus 圣诞老人(美国常用)Santa [ ]=Santa Claus

present n. 礼物

present = gift 礼物

accompany v. 陪伴, 随行

I'll accompany you to your hotel.

I'll accompany you home. 我陪你回家。

approach v. 走近

v. 走近( = come nearer and nearer

The old man approaches 80 years old. approach sb. 离某人越来越近

He is approaching me.

n. 途径,

We have found an approach to success.

 

ought modal verb 应该

ought to do sth. 应该(义务)

You ought to knock at the door. should do sth. 应该(我认为)

You should knock at the door.

 


weigh v.

sb./sth. weigh + ……/重量是……

weight n. 重量

lose weight 减肥

fortunate adj. 幸运的

fortunate = lucky 有运气的,幸运的

Text

Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

参考译文

去年圣诞节, 马戏团老板吉米·盖茨决送些礼物给童医院. 他打扮成圣诞老人, 在由 6 个漂亮姑娘组成的 “仪仗队” 的陪同, 名叫江伯的小象, 沿城里的主要街道出发了. 他本该道警察绝不会允许这类事发生. 一个警察走过来告诉吉米, 他应该走一条小路, 因为江伯阻碍了交通. 吉米同意马上就, 但江伯却拒绝移动. 15 个警察不得不用很大的力气把它推主要街道. 警察虽吃了苦, 但他们还是感到很有趣. “江伯一有好几吨重, “一个警察事后这样说, “值得庆幸的是它没我们抬它走.当然, 我们应该逮捕它, 但由于它一贯表现很好, 这次我们饶了它.

【课文讲解】

1Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. take…to ……送到

2Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

dress up as 装扮成为……(的样子

dress up 打扮

a guard of honour 仪仗队

of six pretty girls 中的of 表示“由……组成的”

A group of six Chinese boys took part in the competition. set off 出发

3He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. should have done 原本应该发生没发生

 


You should have come earlier.

needn't have done 过去不必但是ought to have done 表示原本应该做而有的态动词+have done 跟过去有

4 A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.

asbecause

hold up the traffic 阻碍交通

If you park the car in the street, itll hold up the traffic.

 

5Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. agree to do sth. 同意做某(to 为不定式 )

agree with sb. 同意人(的建议

I agree with you. agree to sth.

I agree to your advice.

I agree to go with you.

 

6Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. get off ……移去/除去  offaway from              开什么地方

Please get the box off the boat.

 

7'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'

afterwards later 后来

It was fortunate that 幸运的是……

let sb. off 饶恕人,放过……,对……从轻处理

record n. 纪录(警察局的)记录,历史,成绩

set up a new world record

sb. have a good record 表现一贯很好

Her record as a secretary in the firm isnt very good. resume n. 摘要, 概略, <> 履历

vt. 再继续, 重新开始, 重新占用, 再用, 恢复

Summary writing

1  What did he decide to take to a children's hospital? How did the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, dress up? Did he set off down the main street of the city, or did he go down a side street? Was he riding an elephant called Jumbo or not? (After having... and... riding)

2 Was he told that he was holding up the traffic or not? Did Jimmy agree to go at once, or not? Did Jumbo agree to go, or did he refuse to move? How many policemen had to push him off the main street? (On being…but…so…)

 


 

1 After having decided to take presents to hospital and dressed up as Father Christmas, he set off down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

After 的后面可以直接doing,也可以加 having done

After knocking at the door. / After having knocked at the door. decided dressed after having

动词 ing 强调时间的同时

2 On being told that he was holding up the traffic, he agreed to go at once, but Jumbo refused to move,so fifteen policemen had to push him off the main street.

on 在动词前,相当as soon as

be 在这要跟 done 相连

Letter Writing书信常见语:

I really hate to complain, but

Some time ago, I

Key structures

Must, Have to, Should and Ought to

must 通常只用于现在时和将来时,其他时态则用 have to 代替。have to must 往往强调客观的要求或外在的原因。should ought to 都可译为“应该”,表示义务、责任或确的行为。ought to should语气略强些,用于肯定句;疑与否结构则shouldshould/ought to +have +过去分词表示过去应该(或完成)没有的事。

He ought to have returned by now.

He had to change his plans, but he should be returning soon.

 

Special difficulties

let 的短语

let vt. 允许,

let sb. in 允许进来

The woman who let me in had a baby in her arms.

let sb. out 放走,释放,放出去

Every evening they let the dog out.

let off 放过,饶过,宽恕,对……从轻处理

I think we shall let him offthis time. 我想这次我们饶了他。

The thief never dreamt that the police would let him off.

let down 使……失望,(在关头抛弃

They need your help. Dont let them down.

He failed in the exam again and his parents left let down.

 

agree and accept

agree vi. 同意(计划、建议,常与 to with

They invited me to their wedding and Ive agreed to go.

accept vt. 接受,收受

 


She offered me some of her childrens clothes and I accepted them. I dont accept your opinion/ agree with your opinion.

 

dress and dress up

dress vt.&vt. 穿衣,打扮

Tom has nearly learned how to dress/dress himself now.

dress up 穿盛装,精心打扮,装扮(成……

He dressed up as Father Christmas.

 

Multiple choice questions

3 Jimmy     b  Father Christmas.

a. seemed as b. looked like c. looked as d. seemed as 加句, 只有在 the same as 结构时不加句, 或者是 as...as

Lucy is the same as her sister.

like  的后面加代词或名词,表示“象……一样”

like me 象我这样 like London 象伦敦一

seem 面可以直接形容词

He seemed rich. 他看起来很富有

seem to 这个不定式结构

He seemed to be rich.

It seemed that 表示件事看起来似乎如此

It seemed that he is rich.

seem +as if  看起来似

4  He should have known the police wouldn't allow it     b_ .

a. and he did b. but he didn't c. but he couldn't d. but he had He 是一个事实,故用 He didn't 不用 couldn't

 

7    a  to carry him?

a. Did they have b. Had they c. Must they d. Have they must 的后是不会to

have to 中的 have 是实义动词

 


Lesson 66 Sweet as honey!

New words and expressions】生词和短语20

Lancaster n. 兰开斯

bomber n. 轰炸机

remote adj. 偏僻的

Pacific n. 太平洋

damage v. 毁坏

wreck n. 残骸

rediscover v. 重新发现

aerial adj. 航空的

survey n. 调查

rescue v. 营救(=save

package v. ……打包

enthusiast n. 心人

restore v修复(修并且复原,如对艺术品的修复

imagine v. 想像

packing case 包装箱

colony n.

bee n.

hive n. 蜂房

preserve v. 保护

beeswax n. 蜂蜡

bomber n. 轰炸机, 炸弹手, 轰炸员, 投弹手

bomb n. 炸弹

remote  adj. 偏僻的,偏远的 remote village  遥远的村庄 lonely adj. 偏僻的(孤零零的)

lonely island 孤岛

Pacific n. 太平洋

Atlantic 大西洋 Indian ocean Arctic ocean 冰洋

wreck n. 残骸

wreck 强调坏了没用的东西 (一个坏了的整,完整的)wrekage 强调坏成碎片的东西

rediscover v. 重新发现

re-表示“再, 又”的意思,如review 复习,reread 再读,rewrite 改写,retell 复述

 


survey n.  调查(要跟数据有)

 


aerial survey 航空调查(跟数据有) investigation  n. 调查,研究

package v. ……打包

v. ……打成大包

pack n. 小包v. ……打成小包

Pack it for me.

Wrap it up for me.

n. 大包

package deal 一揽子交易,一揽子交易中的条

parcel n. 包裹(邮局邮寄)

 

imagine v. 想像

vt. 想像

Imagine it. 想象一! (口语)

vt. 料想,猜想

imagine doing sth. 想象……

imagine that +  想象……

I imagine you’re like to rest after your long journey.

 

colony n. , 殖民地

colony n.  殖民地,侨民,(聚居的)一群同业,一批同行,(生物)

a colony of ants 一群蚂蚁 a colony of bees 一群蜜蜂

a colony of artists 一群艺术家

a flock of goats 羊群

a herd of cows 一群奶牛

a crowd of 一群(用于人)

 

preserve v. 保护,保存(经过殊手段保存) preserved bean curd 豆腐 bean curd 豆腐

preserved fruit 果脯 preserved meat 腊肉 preserved fish 

smoked fish 熏鱼

keep v. 保存,保持

Can I keep your photo? 保存你的照片吗?

How long can I keep it? Can I keep it for you?

Store v. 储存,保存(便日后使用)

store the cabbage

 

Text

In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa. The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed. Then in 1989, twenty-six years after the crash,

 


 

the plane was accidentally rediscovered in an aerial survey of the island. By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing. The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France. Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. It has four Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, but the group will need to have only three of them rebuilt. Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey -- still in perfect condition. A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive and it was totally preserved in beeswax!

 

参考译文

1963 , 一架兰开斯轰炸机在瓦立斯岛坠毁. 那是南太平洋中一个很偏僻的小岛, 位于萨摩亚群岛西, 群岛还有很一段距. 飞机损坏的程度并不严重, 但是, 年来这起飞机失事已被遗忘, 飞机残骸 没受到破坏. 于是, 到了 1989 , 飞机失事 26 年后, 在对小岛的一次航空勘查中那架飞机被意外地发现了. 到了那个时候, 状况良好的兰开斯轰炸机实属罕见, 值得抢救. 国政府人把飞机包装起来, 一部分一部分 地搬回.  一群心人计划修复这架飞机.  该飞机装配有4  台罗尔斯-罗伊斯的默林发动机,  但是他们只需要修复其中的 3  .  想一想他们感受到的惊奇和兴奋——他们拆开包装箱时,  他们发现第 4  台发动机像蜂蜜一样甜——发动机完好无损.  一群蜜蜂把发动机作了蜂房,  发动机在蜂蜡中被完整地保存了.

 

【课文讲解】

1In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the South Pacific, a long way west

of Samoa.

crash vi.

crash in the mountain 掉到ft

a long way to go 有很的路要走

在英文中跟方位感相连的介词有三个 in, on, to in 隶属

Haerbin’s in the north of China. on 是指跟一个地方有接触

Korea is on the north of China. to 相离的概念

Japan is to the east of China.

west ofto the west of west of 没有任何词修饰的时候,认为相离的概念

2The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed.

over ……期间/之中(相当duringover 后如有数字则译为超过

over the years 这些年来

over the new year 在新年期间 over the Christmas 在圣诞期

over Spring Festival 在春节期间

He worked very hard over the last two years. remain+adj. remain 看作系动词 be

The room remained warm. 房间还是那么暖和

注意与 “the room was warm.” 区别, “remain有保持的意思

 


3By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing. by this time 到这时

in condition ……状态

in reasonable conditionin good condition in perfect condition  于完美状态 in poor confition 状态不好

Keep the house in good condition.

reasonable 在这里表示“尚好的,过得去的”,用于表示钱时,指“公道的,合的,不贵的”

The house is in reasonable condition. The price of the dress is reasonable.

be worth doing sth. 值得……,具有……值(表达了被动含义用主动ing 表达被动含义

The cake is worth eating. The books are worthreading.

 

4The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France. have sth. done 让别做某

in parts =little bylittlebit by bit 一部分一部分

5Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey -- still in perfect condition.

imagine 面可以直接宾语

Imagine my excitement when I found my mother outside.

Imagine their excitement and delight when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. break sth. open 打开……

cut it open 剪开(信封)

tear it open 撕开(信封)

在固定短语中 as…as 中的第一个 as 省略

I am busy as a bee.  as busy as a bee 中第一个 as 省略) sweet as honey  甜得象蜜 (在文中是双, 注意) sticky as glue              胶水一样粘

stong as horse 马一样强壮

turn…into… ……变成

When it is cold enough, water is turnd into ice.

 

 


Key structures


使役式

 


使役have+名词/宾语代词+动词过去分词,使役表示对物(或人)……

I have my wallet lost/stolen. 我丢了钱包

While I’m away, I’ll have you looked after. 我不在的时候,我会人照顾你的。

have sth. done 的另一个意思是“遭遇不幸”

I have my leg broken. 我摔断了腿

Special difficulties

 


集合名词

集合名词表示的是由若干个组成的集合,如 family(家庭,一家人teamcrew船、飞机 等上的全工作人员),audience(观众government政府),staff 职员/教员),class(班,班级)。如果要强调作为整的集,则后的动词用单数如果要强调组成集的每个人,则后的动词              复数

The national team is travelling to London tomorrow. 国家代表队将于明天去伦敦. The team are all highly talented young people. 全队人员是天赋极高的年轻人. The audience is made up ofschool children.              观众是由学校的学生组成的.

The audience were spellbound by the magic of the performance.

观众们被表演的魅力迷.

My family are watching TV. My family is happy

 

Multiple choice questions

6 Only three of the four Rolls Royce Merlin engines  a rebuilt.

(a) will have to be  (b) need have been  (c)are being (d)had to be态动词 need 只用于否定句,要用在肯定句中肯是实义动词 need to do 将来需要

10 d the years that followed, the crash was forgotten.

(a)Between (b)During (c)While (d)Among over the years = during the years

 


Lesson 67 Volcanoes

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

volcano n. ft

active adj. 活动的

Kivu n. 基伍湖

Congo n. 刚果

Kituro n. 基图罗

erupt v. (火ft)喷发

violently adv. 地,剧

manage v.

brilliant adj. 精彩的

liquid adj. 液态的n.

escape v. 逃脱

alive adj.

active adj. 活动的

active adj. 积极的

passive adj. 消极的, 被动的

violently adv. ,

violent adj. , , 暴力引起的, 强暴的

violence n. , , 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴

manage v.

manage to do sth. = try to do sth. and succeed

I can manage it. = I can manage it myself. = I can do it.

 

escape v. 逃脱

v. 逃脱

escape sth.

escape death 死里逃生

escape doing sth.

He escape punishment/being punished.

n. 逃脱

narrow escape 九死一生

alive adj.

alive 做定语时一要放在被修饰词后, 属于表语形容词,后置定

light ahead 的灯光

Every man alive has his/her own troubles. living sth. ……

 


living elephant 的象

live

 adj. 现场的,活的(永远不和人

live concert 现场演唱会

live fish 活鱼(不和人

 v.

Text

Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

参考译文

波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火ft和. 1948 年他去了刚果的基伍湖, 对一座后来被他名为基图罗的新火ft进行观察. 火ft在猛地喷发时, 塔捷耶夫有办把帐篷搭在它非常近的地方. 尽管他设拍了一些十分精彩的照片, 但他却不在火ft附近停留太的时间.他发现有一股岩浆向他流过来, 眼看要将他团团围, 但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃. 到火ft平, 两天后又返回去. 这次他设爬进了基图罗火ft口, 便拍摄照片和测试温. 塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生危险. 告诉我们的有活火ft的况比任何在世的人.

 

【课文讲解】

1Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all

parts of the world.

spend some time (in) doing sth. 少时间干……

lifetime n. 毕生精力

spend most of his lifetime 花了毕生大部分精力

spend his lifetime 花了毕生精力

in all parts of the world 世界各地的

2Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. close to 离……很近,与……靠近

He parked the car close to the river. Don’t sit so close to the fire.

for longfor a long time

 


3He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.

=He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him. notice that + 宾语从

notice sth.

notice sb. do/doing sth. 注意到做某/做某

a river of… ……形成的河流

a river of soil and stone 泥石流

Rivers of blood flowed during World war II. rivers of blood 血流成河

When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.

 

4It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. threaten to 威胁……,有迹象表明……

He threatened to leave the team. 他扬言要开这个队。

in time 时,来得just 表示“好,差一

I caught the train just in time.

Shall we still be in time for/to see the performance?

 

5This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.

manage to do sth. 法做事,努力完成事(虽劲,但仍然做/完成

try to do sth. 法做某事,努力做某事(但并不一成功

the mouth of Kituro 火ft

so that 便于(目的状语从),含有态动词

6Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. risk one’s life 危险

take a risk of… =at a risk of…  着……的危险 risk sth.risk losing sth. 失去……的危险 risk doing sth. 着做……的危险

7He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.

在两比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一要在比较时用 other, else 排除前者

than any other man alive

 

Key structures

Can, Be able to and Manage to

表示力时用 can/could,在将来时中表示“力”时通常用 will be able to,在表示成功地完成过去

个动作时用 was able to 不用 could

He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed. I can’t remember where I’ve seen him.

Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.

manage to 在表示成功地完成过去个动作时,经常代替 be able to,它强调“虽困难很大,但仍

 


然……”。在否定句中,manage to be able to 经常可以互换。

 


He was able to finish the job yesterday. (表示可能

He managed to finish thejob yesterday. (暗示他克服了不少困难才完成

What do you think of the film?

I’m afraid I haven’t managed to/been able to see it yet.

 

Special Difficultiessay tell 的短语 1say

在表示“说,讲”时,say 不跟间接宾语(人。如果一要指明,则用“to + 名词/代词”。表示“道诵读(祈祷),背诵”含义时用 say tellsay 有“表达(思想、意见”、“据说”含义, tell 没有。

John is said to be very interested in art.

Do you have anything to say about the accident?

于这次事故你有什么想说的/

He knelt down and said his prayers.  他跪了来作祷告. He said goodbye and left. 他告辞后开了.

say a good word for ……说好话/辩护推荐

Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you. 2tell

在表示“说,讲”时,tell  面可以跟双宾语。tell  经常用于表示“讲(实话,谎话,秘密”。tell

可以表示“辨,分辨”,say 则不可以。在英国英语中,tell the time美语为 tell time)表示根据钟表

“说出时间,识钟”

Can you tell me anything about it? 告诉我有的任何事?

He is only five, but he can already tell the time.

tell (sb.) a lie 说谎(谎言有很个,为数名词

He often tells lies. 他经常说谎.

tell (sb.) the truth 讲真话(真话只有一个,故要, the) I want you to tell me the truth. 我要你讲真话.

tell (sb.) the difference between , 区别

Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris?

能区分奥斯丁舞和莫利斯舞吗? say tell so 时含义不一样:

I told you so! 我告诉过你是这样的!(用于况被证实之后

Who says so? 这么说的?

I say so. 我这么说的。

Multiple choice questions

4 He escaped just in time. He d escaped.

 

(a)just only

(b)only

(c)soon

(d) only just

only just almost not

点就没有

 

 

 

7 He has been able to tell us a lot  b volcanoes.

(a) considering (b) on the subject of

 


 

(c) in relation (d) referring on the subject ofabout

(朝向)towardsin the direction of

 

12 He has told us more than any  d person.

(a)alive  (b)lively (c)live (d)living lively adj. 活泼的,充满生机的

a lively girl

 


Lesson 68 Persistent

New words and expressions】生词和短语3

persistent adj. 坚持的,固执的

avoid v. 避开

insist v. 坚持

persistent adj. 坚持的, 固执的

stubborn adj. 顽固的, 固执的, , 坚决的, 难应, 处理

You are stubborn. 你这个死脑筋

persist v. 坚持(不顾阻拦一味的坚持):

persist in doing sth.

He persist in making noise.

 

avoid v. 避开

avoid doing sth. 避免做……

insist v. 坚持认为,坚持说(是人的一种态

vt. &vi. 坚持,坚决认为

insist on doing sth. 坚持做……

My brother insist on going with me.

He insists on the importance of the meeting. persevere v. 坚持,坚持不懈地努力(褒义词)

persevere in sth./doing sth.

We should persevere in studying English. perseverance n. 坚持不懈

vt. &vi. 坚决主张/要求,一

I insist on speaking to the manager.

My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.

 

Text

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.

'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!'

'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning -- until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you?'

'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...'

'Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking. 'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'

'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!’

 


参考译文

我穿过马路便避开他, 但他看到我并朝我跑过来. 若再装作没看见他已是没有用了, 我只好向他招手。我怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯. 他从来是无事可做, 不管你, 他总是坚持要跟你去。我得想办他整个午缠.

你好, 奈杰尔, 想不到在这见到你. “我说.

你好, 伊丽莎, “奈杰尔回答说, “么消磨这一午呢, 好见到你. 你不忙, 是吗?” “, 不忙, 我打算去……我回答.

我跟你一道去行吗?” 我说完话他问道. , 但我准备去牙医那里. “我说了个谎.

那我跟你去, 候诊室里总有很东西供阅读!” 他回答.

 

【课文讲解】

1I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. cross v. 穿过

I cross the garden.

across adv.&prep. 穿过

I go across the garden.

avoid doing sth. 避免……

come running towards sb. 人跑过来

2It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.

It is (of) no use doing… 做……是没有用的,做……是徒步的/无益的

It is no use pretending 假装……是没有用了

It is no use crying over the spilled milk. 覆水难收

It is no use punishing him. wave to sb. 人招手

3 I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. enjoy doing sth. 喜 欢 做 …… appreciate sth./doing sth. 喜欢做……

4He never has anything to do.

用不定式做定, anything,不定式放在不代词后anything to do sth. 任何要的事

anything to eat sth. 可以吃的东西 anything to drink 可以喝的东西

5No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.

no matter 常与howwhenwherewhatwho 引导的从句连用,译为“无论……

No matter how old you are,… No matter where you are,… No matter who you are,…

No matter how tired you are, your children insisted on listening to stories.

 


insist on doing sth. 坚持做……

6I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. think of a way of doing sth. 想一个做某事的方

think of a way of solving

prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止做某, 让某人不做某

stop sb. from doing sth. 让某人不做某

keep sb. from doing sth.  让某人不做某(保持不做某) forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止做某

7Fancy meeting you here!

=Imagine meeting you here! 真想不到会在这见到你! fancyimaginefance+名词”表示惊讶

fance

vt. 设想,想像

Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!

vt. 想要,喜欢(往往用于指个人爱好

It’s a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.

 

8You're not busy doing anything, are you? be busy doing sth. 着做……

反意的回答, 根据事实回答

9Would you mind my coming with you?

Would/Do you mind +动名词/if 引导的从”用来表示客气的请求或征求意见,表示同意/不介意时,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”回答不同意时往往用一些委婉的说,如“I’m sorry, but…答,不用“yes, I so”。

Would you mind if I open the windows? Certainly not. /Sorry, but it’s cold here.

mind (sb’s) +doing sth. 介意做某

-ing 的逻辑主语有四种形,分为两大类

作为代词, 可以用人称代词的宾格, 可以用形容词物主代词

作为名词, 可以保持本身不变, 也可以变成名词有格

作主语时必须是有格(名词有格, 形容词物主代词), 但作宾语时可以有格, 也可用普通格

(人称代词宾格)

Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me? Would you mind me opening the door?

Would you mind my/me smoking?

Would you mind me making myself at home? 你介意我把这儿当成家吗?

 

Composition

1 There was a dentist nearby. She knew him well. Elizabeth decided to go there. She would

 


 

explain what had happened.(As…whom…in order to)

3 Elizabeth left. The dentist went into the waiting room.Do you want to have your teeth examined?he askeb Nigel.  (After…and asked Nigel if…)

 

1 as(因为) whom(引导语从)…in order to (目的状语)

There was a dentist nearby whom she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened.

3 Afrer Elizabeth left, the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth examined.

 

 


Key structure


动名词的用法

 


有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不用不定式。这些动词包括 avoidadmitdenyfancyfinish

enjoymind(在乎,在意suggeststand容忍)

有些结构通常要接动名词,如 busyworthit is no/little usebored withinterested ininsist onprevent…from

I was looking forward to reading those books.

Well, you can’t read them, so it’s no use thinking about them.

动名词可以有自的逻辑主语(即动作执行者,不是子的主语):

Please excuse his not writing to you. Do you mind my smoking?

come go 之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词climbingdrivingfishingridingshoppingwalking

,表示建议、邀请或叙事。

There’s no point in my coming climbing with you.

我和你们去爬ft毫无意义 there’s no point in =it is no use

动词(hearseefellwatch )后可以跟宾语分词结构,也可以跟宾语不带 to 的不定式现在分词往往强调动作在发生,用于叙述中时使人身临其境定式可以表示动作发生了或过结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大,可以替换使用。

【语法精粹】

动名词复合结构:由名词有格或物主代词与动名词构成

动名词复合结构作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是有格(名词有格, 形容词物主代词), 但作宾语时可以有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)

His leaving is a great loss. 他的去是一个很大的损失

Mother dislikes my(me) working late. 妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟

Mother dislikes my sleeping late.

John's having seen her did not make her worried.

约翰已经见到她的事实没有她感到

面可以接动词-ing 的词:介词;某些动词,如 avoid, enjoy, finish, It is no use, prevent sb from, fancy, imagine, escape, risk, allowdeny, appreciate, complete, delay, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, permit…

insist on doing, persist in doing, persevere in doing, give up doing

些词逻辑主语是,要用不定式作宾语,如:

 


allow+doing sth.(动名词作宾语) allow sb. to do sth.(定式作宾语) advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth.

这类动词常见如:adviseallowpermitrecommend, etc.

 

Multiple choice questions

6 He insisted b with her.

(a) to go (b)that he should go (c) to going (d) in going insist on doing sth.  坚持做……

insist +(should +原形) (用虚拟语气

9  She didn't pretend she hadn't seen him. She didn't  c she hadn't.

(a) make as if  (b) do as if (c) act as if (d) conduct as if as if… 似乎, 好像……

do as if (不这么用)

act as if … 得好象……

conduct+oneself 表现

10  She waved to him. She c him.

(a)shook  (b)saluted (c)greeted (d)called salute v. 问候(军人向官的)行军礼, 敬礼

greet v. 问候

12 She lied to him. What she said was  a .

(a) false  (b)true (c)lie (d) wrong lie to sb. 人撒谎

false adj. 错误的, 虚伪的, 假的, 无信义的, 伪造的, 人工的, 不老实的

lie n. 谎言(数名词,tell a lie

What she said was a lie.

 


Lesson 69 But not murder!

New words and expressions】生词和短语11

murder n. 谋杀

instruct v. 命令,指示

acquire v. 取得,获得

confidence n. 信心

examiner n. 主考人

suppose v. 假设

tap v. 轻敲

react v. 反应

brake n. 刹车

pedal n. 踏板

mournful adj. 悲哀的

acquire v. 取得,获得,学到(识、技术、语言),养成(习惯

Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time. acquire a habit of doing sth. 养成……的习惯

Tom acquired a habit of smoking. acquire confidence 获得信心

Text

I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly, Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'

参考译文

我第 3 次接受驾驶执照考试。按照要求在车辆挤的路驾驶,我圆满地完成了。在接到把车开出城的指后,我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试,所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的,因为他微笑说:“埃姆斯先生,只剩 1  项了。我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前穿过马路。我

一敲车窗,你必须把车停在 5 英尺之。”我继续往前开。过了一会,主考人砰砰地敲了起来。虽声音听得很清楚,但我过了好一会才作出反应。我突然用力踩刹车踏板,结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。主考人伤心地看我。“埃姆斯先生,”他悲伤的声调说,“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了!”

【课文讲解】

1I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.

 


a driving licence 驾驶执照

2I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. heavy adj. 大量的,的,密集的

Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.

 

3The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing,

Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'

must have been 表示对过去的事的猜测

performance n. 表现,表演,工作

be pleased with ……满意

Theyare pleased with his work.

The manager isn’t very pleased with his secretary. let us suppose that… 我们假设……

Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.

 

4The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!' in a … voice              以……的声调

in a mournful voice 用悲伤的声调

He told them the news in a sad/excited voice.

 

 


Key structures


被动语态

 


被动语态可以用于“介词+动名词”结构中,在英语中是很正式的用,一不用于口语。“介词(after

beforeon+动名词”这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前 经完成,则可以用“after +动名词的完成”表示第一个动作如果只表示先后顺序,则用“after/before

+动名词”结构on +动名词”通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生:

The man called the police after being robbed. He killed a child before being arrested.

On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.

被动语态用于 want 的不定式中时,to be 可以省略,want 后跟被动语态时往往表示希望人完成

说的动作:

I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.

被动语态还用于过去进行时,强调动作的持续

I was being asked about the film all day yesterday.

 

Special DifficultiesPractice and Advice

practice n.(反复的)练习,实践,实行 Your spoken English will improve with practice.

Have they put their planinto practice? 他们把计划诸实施了吗?

 


practise vt.& vi. 练习,经常

Jimmy used to practice (playing) football every afternoon. She practises on the piano for three hours every day.

advice n.  忠告,劝告,建议(不数名词

She gave me some good advice / a piece of advice about jobs.

advise vt.& vi. 劝告,向……提供提议

She advised me against going to the party. 她建议/劝我不要去参聚会。

Enjoy, Entertain and Amuse

enjoy vt.  欣赏,喜爱,享受……之乐(后跟名词、动名词或反身代词,用于主动语态

I enjoy swimming in summer. We’re really enjoying ourselves.

entertain vt.  待,招待,请客使……快乐,给……娱乐=amuse

We often entertain friends at weekends.

Uncle Sam entertains/amuses the children for hours at a time.

萨姆叔叔一好几小时地逗孩子们乐。

My children can entertain/amuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other.

amuse vt. 逗乐,逗笑(常用于被动语态

She was amused by her father’s funny stories. His story amused the children very much.

 


Lesson 70 Red for danger

New words and expressions】生词和短语16

bullfight n. 斗牛

drunk n. 醉汉

wander v. 溜达,乱走

ring n. 圆形竞技场地

unaware adj. 道的,未觉察的

bull n. 公牛

matador n. 斗牛士

remark n. 评论言语

apparently adv. 明显地

sensitive adj. 敏感的

criticism n. 批评

charge v.

clumsily adv. 笨拙地

bow v. 鞠躬

safety n. 安全地带

sympathetically adv.

sensitive adj. 敏感的,神经过敏的,易生气的,介意的(常与 to+名词用) Mary is sensitive to smells.

You’re too sensitive. 你太敏感了(太容易生气

Mary has a sensitive ear.

 

charge v.

vt. &vi. ,收

They charged us too much for repairs. How much do you charge for this dress?

vt. 指控,指责

The police charged him with murder. He charged Gary with speeding.

vt. &vt. 猛攻,冲向,冲锋,向前冲

The bull charged at the drunk.

 

bow v. 鞠躬

vt. &vt. 鞠躬,欠身,低头等

The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.

As she couldn’t answer the question, she bowed her head.

vi. 步,屈服,服从

Why did you bow to their decision?

He finally bowed before money and married the other girl.

 


vt. 压弯,压倒

My mother is bowed with age. 我母亲因年老腰弯背驼。

The little tree is bowed with snow.

 

Text

During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.

参考译文

在一次斗牛时,一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间,人们开始大叫起来,但醉汉却没有意识到危险。那公牛忙于对斗牛士,但突然它看见了醉汉,只见他大声说粗鲁的话,手里挥动一顶红帽子。 对挑衅显非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士,直奔醉汉来。观众突然静了来,这醉汉像是很有把握 似的。公牛逼近他时,他踉跄地旁边一闪,牛扑空了。观众欢呼起来,醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。然而 此时已有

3 个人进入斗牛场,迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。好像在为他感到遗憾,因为它一直同地看醉汉,直到他的背消逝,才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。

【课文讲解】

1The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. be unaware of… 道,没有觉察……

While she read the book, she was unaware of the noise around her. I was unaware that you were coming. 我不道你要来。

2The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.

catch sight of… 突然看到……

As I came out of the shop, I caught sight of Dan in the crowd.

 

3The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. be/feel sure of oneself 有自信心

She’s always so sure of herself.

 

4Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. sensitive to criticism              对挑衅/批评敏感

charge at … ……攻击

 


5The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. break into cheers 突然喝起彩来

break into… 突然发出,突然……起来

On hearing the news, she broke into tears.

When Sally saw the woman wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse, she broke into laughter.

 

6Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.

look on 旁观,观看

Many people just looked on while the two men robbed a woman. out of the way 不碍事,不挡路

While making meat pies, I always order the children to keep out of the way.

肉馅饼时,总是命令孩子们不要碍事。

Letter Writing常用开语:

I have not forgotten that…

You will find it hard to believe, but… I am afraid I…

 

 


Key structures


forwithoftoatfrominon about 连用的形容词

 


for 连用的形容词eager for(渴望enough for(足够famous for以……而闻名fit for

grateful for/to(因……而感激qualified for/in胜任ready for/to(准备好responsible for(对……负

sorry for(对……感到遗憾sufficient for(充足的thankful for/to(感谢valid for(有效期为……

We have enough apples for the children. They were eager for the performance to begin. My aunt is famous for her beauty.

with 连用的形容词:angry with sb./at sth.(因人或事生气busy with/at(忙于……consistent

with(与……一致content with(对……满足),familiar with/to(与……熟悉patient with(有耐心), popular with(为……所喜爱)

Why was Mary angry with you? She wasn’t content with her life.

Uncle Sam is always popular with children.

of 连用的形容词:afraid of(害怕ahead of(在……),aware ofcapable of careful of/with(小心certain of(确信conscious of(意识到envious of(妒忌),fond of(爱好guilty of

(有……罪的ignorant of(不了解independent of(独立于jealous of(妒忌kind of/to(对……和蔼north/south/east/west of(在……///西short of(缺乏shy of(顾虑),sure of(肯 worthy of(值得)

She is careful his coming. 她注意衣

I was short of money at that time.

to 连用的形容词:close to(接近于contrary to(与……相cruel to(对……残忍),dear

 


to(对……很重要equal to(与……相等faithful to(忠于……fatal to(对……是致harmful to

(对……有害的identical to(与……相同的indifferent to(对……inferior to(劣于…… liable to(对……有义务的new to(对……没有经验obedient to(对……服从obvious to(对……清楚 的),polite to(对……有礼previous to(先于),rude to(对……粗暴无礼sensitive to(对……敏感 similar to(与……相useful to(对……有用)

Most people are sensitive to criticism.

Though the bicycle is old, it is very dear to me. 这辆自行车破旧,但我很珍视它。

All these words are new to me. 有这些单词我是第一次遇到。

It’s obvious to everyone thathe’s lying. 大家清楚他在撒谎。

My car is similar to yours. 我的车与你的车似。

at 连用的形容词:bad at(不善于……clever at(擅efficient at胜任的expert at/in熟练……good at(善于indignant at(对……感到愤慨quick at(很快sad at/about(因……而悲伤slow at(对……迟钝skillful at/in(熟练)

I am good/bad at swimming.

Tom is quick/slow at learning new things.

from 连用的形容词:away from(距……远的different from(与……不同的far from(远), safe from(无危险的)

The man was far from comfortable while being confined to the wooden box.

那人被闷在木箱里时一点儿也不舒服。

in 连用的形容词:deficient in(缺少fortunate from(在……很幸运honest from(对……很诚实 weak from(在……薄弱的)

You’re fortunate in having a house of your own. Frank is honest in business.

I’m weak in/atchemics.

on 连用的形容词:dependent on(依赖于……intent on(专心于……),keen on心于……She was keen on tennis.

You shouldn’t be so intent on making money. Are you still dependent on your father?

about 连用的形容词:curious about(对……好奇的doubtful about/of(对……enthusiastic

about(对……热reluctant about/to(勉强right about/in(在……确的uneasy about(对……

感到不安

She is uneasy about her future. 她为自的前途心。

I’m doubtful about/of his words.

 


Lesson 71 A famous clock

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

parliament n. 议会,国会

erect v. 建起

accurate adj. 准确的

official n. 官员,行政人员

Greenwich n. 格林尼治

observatory n. 天文台

check v. 检查

microphone n. 扩音器,麦克风

tower n.

Text

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but i s extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the

B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one ofthe hands and slowed it down!

 

参考译文

你游览伦敦时,首先看到的东西之一是“大本”钟,即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可

听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在 1834 年被焚毁的话,这座大钟永远不会建造。“大本” 钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士,因为建造新的国会大厦时,他责建造大钟。此钟不仅外型巨大,且走时 非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫此钟。大钟打的时候,你可以从英国广播公 司的广播中听到,因为钟塔接了麦克风。“大本”钟很出差错。然而有一次,它却把时间报错。在钟 塔干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针,把钟弄慢了!

【课文讲解】

1  When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be

heard all over the world on the B.B.C.

the B.B.C. =British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司

2  If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.

the Houses of Parliament 国会大厦(英国议会是由议院(House of Lords)和议院(House of Commons)组成)

burn down (使)烧成平地,烧毁

 


The hospital was burned down last month.

 

3Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.

take one’s name from 以……命

Sir 用于英国人的全名(或名字)之前时表示“爵士”(不单独用于姓之前),如 Sir John Gilbert(约翰.

吉尔伯爵士)或 Sir John(约翰爵士),但不称为 Sir Gilbertbe responsible for ……责任/承担责任的

Who is responsible for the accident?

John is responsible for the building of the bridge.

-ing 无冠词时直接跟宾语:making the clock-ing 前有冠词时则其后不直接跟宾语,须用ofthe making of the clock

4It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. be of… 表示人或物的

We are of the same age/size. This letter is of great importance.

 

5Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.

go wrong (机器发生故障,出毛病

My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong. Something has gone wrong with my car.

 

6A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! slow down              (使……)慢/减速(分开使用)

He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.

 

Letter Writing常见开语:

I wonder how you learnt that… You will never guess who/what…

 

Special Difficulties

Official, Employee and Shop assistant official n. 官员,公务员,高级官员

Bank officials get high salaries.

Before he retired, Jeremy had been a government/city official.

employee n. 雇员,雇工(包括各个层次的

Later he became a government employee.

shop assistant 零售店的店员(美语中用 salesclerk

The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

 


 

Hang/Hung and Hang/Hanged hanghunghung  vt. 悬 挂 I’m hanging this picture on the wall.

hanghangedhanged  vt. 绞死,吊死,As

he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged. I wonder why she hanged herself.

 


Lesson 72 A car called bluebird

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

racing n.

per prep.

Utah n. 犹他(美国州名

horsepower n. 马力

burst v. 爆裂

average adj. 平均的

footstep n. 足迹

burst v. 爆裂

vi. 爆炸,爆裂

A tyre burst during the second run. The balloon burst.

vt.& vi. 突然打开

We burst the door open.

While I was reading, the door burst open and John came in.

 

Text

The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds over 600 miles an hour. Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.

参考译文

杰出的车选手马尔科姆.坎贝尔爵士是第一个每小时超过 300 英里的速驾车的人。他于 1935 9 月在犹他州的邦纳维尔盐滩创造了一项新的世界纪录。他驾驶的“蓝鸟”牌汽车是专门为他制造的。它的 车身30 英尺,有一个 2,500 马力的发动机。尽管坎贝尔达到了每小时超过 304 英里的速,但他很难把汽车控,因为在开始的行中爆了一只轮胎。比结束后,坎贝尔非常失望地得他的平均时速是 299 英里。然而,几天之后,有人告诉他说弄错了。他的平均时速实际是 301 英里。从那时来,车选手已达到每

小时 600 英里的速。很年之后,马尔科姆爵士的子唐纳德踏父亲的足迹,创造了一项世界纪录。同他父亲一样,他驾驶一辆名叫“蓝鸟”的汽车。

【课文讲解】

1The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles

 


 

per hour.

the secondthe next/the last 以及表示最高级的如 the bestthe most intelligent 可以to 引导的不

定式短做定语,这些词语后面可以接名词或 one(s)也可以不接:

She’s always the first to arrive and the last to leave. You’re the best person to advise me about buying a house.

你是我买房子的最好顾问。

the only 后必须接一个名词或 one(s)

You’re the only person/one to complain.

per 表示“每一,每”,通常用于商业技术用语,日常用语大a/anYou can stay at the hotel at $10 per person per night.

You must have been driving at seventy miles an/per hour.

 

2It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine. 30 feet in length 30 英尺

3Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run.

have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做……有困难

He has grown a beard and I had difficulty (in) recognizing him. the first run 开始的行

the next run is forty miles. 一段40 英里。

4Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record. follow in one’s footsteps              人的后尘,仿效人,继承某人的事业

He intends to follow in his father’s footsteps and to become a dentist.

 


Lesson 73 The record-holder

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

record-holder 纪录保持者

truant n. 逃学的孩子 unimaginative adj. 缺乏想像力的 shame n. 惭愧,羞耻

hitchhike v. 搭便车旅行

meantime n. 其间

lorry n. 卡车

border n. 边界

evade v. 逃避,逃

record-holder 纪录保持者

n.+ v.+ er 构词

tennis player

 

truant n. 逃学的孩子,逃学者

The three boys who are fishing over there are truants and ought to be sent back to school. play truant 逃学(英)

the boy who played truant 逃学的孩子

play hooky 逃学(美

be absent from class unpurpose 逃学 unpurpose adv. 故意的

He did it unpurpose. evade school 逃学

unimaginative adj. 缺乏想象力的

imagine v. 想象,设想

imaginative adj. 有想象力的

She is an imaginative painter. Painters should be imaginative.

imagination n. 想象力

-tive 是形容词的后缀-tion 是名词的后缀

shame n. 惭愧,羞耻

What a shame!  耻 ! Shame on you!  替你感到耻! shameful adj. 人羞愧

ashamed adj. 感到羞愧

put sb. to shame 让某人感到羞愧人赞美的回答:

Thank you. You are flattering me. (你过奖了。

 


You put me to shame. (你比我好的意思

put sb. to trouble 人带来麻烦

hitchhike v. 便旅行 hitchhike = take a lift 搭 便 车 hitchhiker n. 搭便车的人

meantime n. 其间

in the meantime = meanwhile 与此同时

evade v. 逃避,逃

vt.(巧妙地)逃脱,躲开

She evaded a blow from the man and then called out for help.

vt. 回避,逃避(尤指不

evade doing sth. 逃避做……

He always tries to evade paying taxes. Many children dream of evading school.

avoid v. 逃避,逃,避免

avoid  指通过一种合的,正当的手段来避免做某evade  指通过欺骗的手段来避免做某事。

tax avoidance 避税

tax evasion 逃税

Text

Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school.

参考译文

逃学的孩子们缺乏想像力。他们通常到的,至多也就是安静地钓一天鱼,或在电院里坐 8 个小时,一遍遍地看同一部电有那么一个小男孩,他在逃学期间旅行了 1,600 英里,从使 有逃学的孩子们都相形见绌了。他搭便车到了佛,天快黑时钻进了一条船,想找个地方睡觉。第二 天他醒来时,发现船在这段时间已经到了男孩从船里爬出来时,谁也没有发现他。从那里他又 搭卡车到了巴黎。司机给了他几块饼干和一杯咖啡,把他丢在了城外。男孩截一辆车,没有像 他希望的那样把他带到巴黎市中心,是把他带到了国和西班牙边界的佩皮尼昂。他在那被一个警  察抓了,之后局送回了英国。他无为成千万梦想逃避学的孩子们创造了一项纪录。

 


【课文讲解】

1Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. play truant from school =play truant 逃学

As a boy, Tom used to play truant (from school).

 

 

2A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get.

动词  ing 如果出现语,若是名词,则采用名词有格或名词语本身。

eight hours' seeing the film

非谓语动词主语,一律作单数看。

Three hours in the roomIt is tiring.

Three hours(') listening to the teacher is tiring.

Three hours in the room listening to the teacher is tiring.

Events such as the March 5th shooting at a high school in San Diego bring the problem into focus.

比如三月五日圣地亚哥一高中学校发生的枪击事件问成为焦

over and over again = again and again 一次又一次,一再地,反复许次地

As my grandmother can’t hear very well, I had to say it over and over again. as far as +  最大程度……,到……程度就……而

As far as I know, his operations successful.

 

3They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles.

while 引导时间状语从,一放在前或后,放在中间就加上逗号。while doing 省略,省略了主语和 be 动词,这个主语一定就是主的主语。

put…to shame 使……蒙羞,使……相形见绌

What he has done put his parents to shame.

He saved the child at the risk of his own life and put all those who looked on to shame.

他冒危险救了那个孩子,使有旁观者都相形见绌。

4He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. hitchhike to… 搭便车去……

Dover n. 佛(英国著名的港口) towards evening 快到晚somewhere to sleep  可以睡觉的地方

anything to do/drink 可以做的事/可以喝的东西(这里 to do 做定

5When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. wake up 醒来

Calais n. 来(国城市

in the meantime 在此期间

I feel tired and would like to take a nap. In the meantime, you may do some reading.

 


6No one noticed the boy as he crept off. creep off = creep away

creep

vi. 爬行,匍匐,(像爬行似地)慢慢前进

The old car crept along the country road.

A snake crept into the garden while she was writing a letter.

vi. 悄悄地/蹑手蹑脚地走渐渐产生/出现

We crept upstairs so as not to wake Grandpa. He noticed that age had crept on him.

 

7 The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border.

takeinto 带到……

not…but… 不是……而……

as sb. hoped 希望的

I became a good teacher as my mother hopes. than sb. expected 期待的还……

Don't ask what the country do for you, but ask what you do for the country.

the French-Spanish border 国与西班牙的边界 (边界地带属于哪个地方由第一个国籍确

8There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. pick up 逮捕,拘捕

After the accident, he was picked up by the police.

 

Letter Writing

每封信包含有三个主要部分:引言、目的和结束语。其中最重要的部分是目的。在这部分中必须说明 为什么要写此信。

Summary writing

5 Fares have increased. The railway company is still losing money. The employees have demanded higher wages. (In spite of the fact that . because)

7 I made sure. The alarm clock worked. I set it. It would ring at six o'clock. (After making…that…so that)

 

5. In spite of the fact that fares have increased, the railway company is still losing money because the employees have demanded higher wages.

fare n.

in spite of 尽管

lose money 亏损

7. After making sure that the alarm clock worked, I set it so that it would alarm clock 闹钟

set the clock 闹钟

be sure of +n. be sure to do sth. be sure that

 


 

 


Key structures


简单句、并列句和复合句

 


简单是英语中最小的子单位,一有一个限定动词,它有一个主语和一个谓语,但可以 and

将两个或两个以上的动词合并为一个简单。根据动词后使用的不同成分,简单句可5 种基本型:

主语 +动词

主语 +动词 +主语补足语:

主语 +动词 +直接宾语:

主语 +动词 +间接宾语+直接宾语

主语 +动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语

将几个简单句连接起来构成并列。在并列中不存在单独的主和从属于它的从句;各小根据文的要求按逻辑次序排列,但各小句都重要并独立存在。我们常常把并列中的各小看成是并列  采用列任何一种方构成并列

用分号

We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.

用分号,后跟一个接副词(),如 howeverabove allin additionas far as

We fished all day; however, we didn’t catch a thing.

用并列词,如 andbutsoyet ,前逗号:

We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch a thing.

复合的构成方法可以是把简单句连接在一起,但复合的各个组成部分并非同重要(与并列不同),其中总有一个独立小(或称“主)和一个或一个以上的从属小(或称“从)往往独立存在。复合的构成方

词将从与主句连接起来:

If you’re not good at figures, it is pointless to apply for job in a bank.

如果你不擅于计算,向银行求职毫无意义。

用动词不定式或分词结构。它们是非限定性动词,是不是从,但它们构成复合(非简单

)的一部分。  之所以如此是因为它们可以用从的形表现出来。

To get into a university you have to pass a number of examinations.

句可分为:名词句;关/形容词从句;副词从Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant.那些挤的假场所令人感到不很愉快。

Howerver hard I try, I can’t remember people’s names.

 

Multiple choice questions

10 They have been put to shame by a boy . They should feel     a_ .

(a) ashamed (b) shy (c) shyness (d) shameful feel(半联系动词)+ 形容词

shyness n. 害羞

shy adj害羞(指人的一种

shame v. 羞愧(跟人遇到件事情当时的感觉有

shameful adj. 人羞愧 ashamed adj. 感到羞

 


Lesson 74 out of the limelight

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

limelight n. 舞台灯光

precaution n. 预防措施

fan n. 者,迷

shady adj. 遮荫的

sheriff n. 法长

notice n. 告示

sneer n. 冷笑

Text

An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.

'This is a wonderful place for a picnic,' said Gloria Gleam.

'It couldn't be better, Gloria,' Brinksley Meers agreed. 'No newspaper men, no film fans! Why don't we come more often?'

Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. 'Now you get out of here, all of you!' he shouted. 'I'm sheriff here. Do you see that notice? It says "No Camping" -- in case you can't read!'

'Look, sheriff,' said Rockwall, 'don't be too hard on us. I'm Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves.'

'Oh, is it?' said the sheriff with a sneer. 'Well, I'm Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast!'

参考译文

一辆古旧的汽车停在一条干涸的河床边,一群著名男女演员了车。他们戴墨镜,穿旧衣裳,特别小心人认出他们。但他们很快发觉,化装的效果有时过分完美了。

“在这个地方野餐简直太妙了,”格格利亚.格利姆说。

“是再好不过的了,格格利亚。”布林克斯利.米尔斯表示同意,“没有记者,没有迷!我们为什么不经常来这里呢?”

“此时,另外两位演员,罗克沃尔.斯林格和默林.格里夫斯,已经把两个大食品篮子提到了一片树荫已安排舒适时,一个陌生人出现了。他看去非常气愤。“你们从这里走开,全走开!”他大叫“我是这里的司法长官。你们看到那个布告牌了吗?上面‘禁止野营’--除非你们不识字!”

“好了,好了,司官,”罗克沃尔说,“使我们难堪。我是罗克沃尔.斯林格,这位是默林.格里夫斯。” “噢,是吗?”那位司法长官冷笑一声说道,“好,我是布林克斯利.米尔斯。我还有一个名字叫格

格利亚.格利姆。现在你们赶快滚吧!”

 


【课文讲解】

1Out of the limelight

limelight 的原义为舞台照明用的石灰光”,其引申意义为“众人注目的中心”,这里的 limelight 是指舞台。

She has been in the limelight since she became an actress.

Although he is a government official, he tries to keep out of the limelight.

 

2An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. river bed 指河床,名词 river 作形容词用,类似的还有 flower bed(花坛)

party 作量词用时表示“一行,一伙,一群”,如 a party of tourists/boys(一群旅游者/男孩)

3Why don't we come more often?

Why +don’t/doesn’t +主语 +动词?”结构用来提出建议:

Why don’t you change a watch?

 

4'Now you get out of here, all of you!' he shouted. get out of here 从这里走开,滚出去,滚

get fuck out of here 给我从这滚出去

5'I'm sheriff here. Do you see that notice? It says "No Camping" -- in case you can't read!' I'm sheriff here. sheriff 是一种官衔,官衔前冠词)

He is president. 总统(官衔

Who is monitor? 是班(官衔

I am a teacher. teacher 不是官衔,冠词

in case +  假使,万一……的话,免得,防万一(常用于引导条件或目的状语从子表示将来的时间时,in case 必须用现在时态should/might

in case you can't read 除非你们不识字。

I’m taking a raincoat with me in case I need it.

In case he comes/should come, give him this letter.

 

6'don't be too hard on us. I'm Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves.' be hard on… ……(过分)严厉

Don’t be too hard on that child.

He is always hard on his employee.

 

Special Difficulties

get 有关的一些短语动词

get out

(使)出去/出来(反义词为 get intoWhy don’t you get the dog out?

The door is locked. I can’t get out.

 


走开,滚开(常用于祈使

Now you get out of here fast!

get into 进来

I’ve lost my key. I can’t get into the house.

get on

前进,进展(与get along 同义

He is getting on quite well in his new job.

继续干;相处融洽(常与 with

Tom talked with his brother for a while, and then got on with his homework.

He’s so difficult. I can’t get onwith him. 他这个人这么扭,我无和他相处

get…off 脱下,除去/取下

Please help me to get the box off the boat.

When he got the lid off the box, he saw a man lying in it.

get off 没受重伤/重罚逃脱(常与with 

Tom was punished, but Jim go off lightly.

I can hardly believe that the thief got off with just a warning.

get over

恢复过来,痊愈

Has your mother got over her illness?

解决/结束(件不愉快但必要的事常与 with

They wanted to get the job over as quickly as possible.

get though

通过(考试、测验

Have you got through your driving test last week?

吃掉,喝完,用光

Fancy Helen getting through all the food!

 

用于公共标语的 no

标语通常字数很少,语言精练。在表示“禁止……”时往往用 no+名词/动名词或名词语,如 No Camping(禁止野营No Smoking(禁止吸烟No Parking(禁止停车No Left Turn(禁止左转弯。在的公告牌,这些标语往往全部用大写字母,不,如 NO SMOKING

On public notices we write No Camping instead of Do not camp.

在公告牌我们不用 Do not campNo Camping

Multiple choice questions

5 Why don't we come more often? We     come more often.

(a) could (b) would (c) might (d)should why not do 表示一种建议

Why don't you go with me? = Why not go with me?

建议型:

you must/should 你必须/你应该(最好不要用

why don't we/why not

let's do

 


 

May I have your name? Why not close the door?

Would you mind closing the door? Let's go shopping

 

7  a you look at the notice, you'll see it says No Camping .

(a) If (b) Providing that (c) Whether (d)In the situation providing that (过时,不用) = if =provided that(仍在使用)面加

 


Lesson 75 SOS

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

thick adj. 厚的

signal n. 信号

stamp v. 跺,踩

helicopter n. 直升飞机

scene n. 现场

survivor n. 幸存者

survivor  n. 幸存者(指人) survival n. 幸存的东西

survive v. 生存存活

the person who survived

I learn how to live, but now I know how to survive. (生存

I survived after the fire. (存活

survive + sth.(灾难) 经过种灾难还存在,还活

I survived the fire.

The house survived the earthquake.

 

scene n. 现场

n.(事件发生的)地,现场

A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors.

一架直升飞机很快飞抵出事现场,搭救幸存者。

These things were found at the scene of the murder.

n. 风景,景色景象

A beautiful scene always makes me delighted. I have just seen a sad scene.

 

Text

When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.

参考译文

 


不久前,一架轻型客机偏了航线,在ft坠毁,飞行员丧生。机仅有的乘客,一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。此时值隆冬季节,地厚厚的雪。这位妇女道,即使最近的村庄  英里远。天黑来的时候,她把提箱作小床,把两个孩子放了进去,又把找到的衣服盖在了  孩子们身。夜里,天冷得厉害。这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子,甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去,只是箱子太  小了。第二天一,她听过,发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。  在雪地踩出了“SOS”这  3    个字母。幸运得很,一位飞行员看到这个信号,用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。不久,一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场,来搭救这几个幸存者。

【课文讲解】

1When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was

killed.

off course 轨道

fly off course 飞行偏航线

During the storm, the ship went off course.

kill v杀(仅表示死了,不一是人为的杀死,可能是火灾

Fire in Tokyo. Five people killed. Ten persons injured.(受伤) murder v. 谋杀(故意杀死)

2It was the middle of winter. middle of winter 隆冬

middle of summer 盛夏

3Snow lay thick on the ground.

lay 是系动词,thick 是形容词作表语,表示主语的状态或质。

The old man lies ill and neglected in bed.

 

4The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. miles away 几英里之外(距的表达方

5When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.

turn…into… = change sth. into ……变成……

6The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small.

as…as sb. can/could = as…as possible 可能……

He got through as much food as he could and set out. Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can.

near to = close to

 

7Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. hear sb. doing sth.              听见做某

 


overhead adv.

wonder = want to know

 

8Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. stamp out 踩出

out  在这里为副词,表示“出现,显露”

The writer has brought out another book.

He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.

SOS = Save Our Souls 国际通用的呼救信号

in the snow 在雪地

9Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. by radio 通过广播

10It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. long before = long long ago              很久

It was not long before +  不久就……(指过去

It was not long before he went abroad.

It was not long before I finished my homework.

It will not be long before… 不久就……(将来可能发生的事

It will not be long before he gets over his illness.

before long 不久后(一将来时,从现在算不久后会么样

Before long, he will go abroad. shortly before ……之前不久

shortly after ……之后立即

on the scene 在现场(固定短

Special Difficulties

可以表示“变成”的一些动词

growturngogetcomfall  动词均有“变成”的意思,但它们在用法上有时有差

grow 表示“(逐渐)变得”,比 get 正式些:

He has grown fat.

He has grown to like studying mathematics. grow dark(变黑)

grow = get slowly 慢慢变得

turn  表示“把(状态、质)改变(成)……”或“使变颜色”

Leaves will turn yellow in autumn.

A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive. His face turned red.

go 表示“变成(种状态”,通常表示不好的变化:

Some foods go bad easily. The milk went sour.

 


get 在口语中使用较,表示“成为(种状态)”,强调的是变化的过(一子变得。天气变化,getget cold(变冷)

Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.

come 表示“变成,成为,达到”,与 true 用时表示“实现”

Her dream to swim across the channel has come true. come + true/right/loose

The dream comes true. 梦想成真。

Take it easy. Everything will come right. come loose 变 松 动

fall 表示“变成……的状态”

fall + asleep/ill 坠落梦乡/病倒了

You fell asleep while I was talking to you.

He fell ill last week, so he didn’t come to your wedding.

 

Multiple choice questions

9 It got terribly cold. The cold was  d .

(a) frightening (b) horrifying (c) shocking (d) frightful frightful = terrible

frightening adj人产生吓了一跳的感觉

horrifying adj. 人恐惧的

shocking adj. 人震惊的(坏事

〖语法精粹〗

1.  Did you find out    the pie out of oven?

A. to take B. have taken C. when to take D. being taken

 

2.  You would be irritated if you watched the mail D_ on your desk every day.

A.  putting up B to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up see sb. do/doing sth.

put up = set up 搭建

pile up 堆起来

3.  We shall set Jim _C the passage.

 

A. explaining

B. explained

C. to explain

D. explain

set sb. to do sth.

set sb. doing = cause

做某

导致……

 

 

 

4.  In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco B_ in LosAngeles.

A.  to stay B. than stay C than staying D. than have stayed would rather do…than do

prefer…to…

prefer to do…rather than do…

 


 

5.  Madame Curie is believed   D_ the radium.

A.  discovering B. having discovered

C. to have discovered  D. to discover be believed to do sth. 被动语态时是固

5.  Of all the economically important plants, palms have been   A_.

A.  the least studied B. study the least

C. study less and less D. to study the less of + 范围 ,of all 是最高级的标志

in +

I've ever seen

 

6.  During an eclipse of the sun,   A_ in the shadow of the Moon.

A.  the Earth lies B. the Earth when lying

C. that the Earth lies D. the lying Earth

 

7.  The photo periodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, _B .

A.  the light is not on B. and not on light

C. but is not on the light D. is not on light A 选项引入了新的谓语动词。

D  选项同样是没有词却引入了新的谓语动词。

be on 灯的

The light is on.

 

8.  The wallflower _C because its weak stems often grow on walls and along strong cliffs for support.

A. so called is  B. so is called C. is so called D. called is so so called 谓的

so-called human

It is a so-called clock.

 

9.  Because of its importance in modern living, _A  in all parts of the world.

A.  algebra is studied in schools and colleges

B.  studying algebra in schools and colleges

C.  and the study of algebra in schools and colleges

D.  in schools and colleges are algebra studies

缺主语和谓语。

10.  Sociologists have long recognized that social tension D_.

A.  elements from group living

B.  elements of a normal group life

C.  living are a group of elements

D.  are normal elements of group life

 


定式:是一种非谓语动词,时间表示将要

主语

It is important to do sth.

宾语

want to do

宾补

allow/expect sb. to do sth.

做定语(放在被修饰词之后

anything to do

状语:目的状语

表语

 


Lesson 76 April Fools' Day

New words and expressions】生词和短语15

fool n. 傻瓜

bulletin n. 新闻简报

announcer n. (电视、电台)播音员

macaroni n. 通心,空心

leading adj. 主要的

grower n. 种植者

splendid adj. 极好的

stalk n.

gather v. 收庄稼

thresh v. 打(庄稼

process v.

Signor n. (意大利语)先生

present adj. 目前的

champion n. 冠军

studio n. 播音室

Text

'To end our special news bulletin,' said the voice of the television announcer, 'we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Riccardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs. Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs. Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest: the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1991. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April lst. We're now going back to the studio.'

参考译文

“作为我们专新闻节目的结尾,”电视广播员说,“我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。通心粉在这个地已经种植了 600  年了。两个主要种植者,朱塞皮.莫尔道瓦和里卡.布拉班告诉我,他们一直期今年获一个大丰收,收割工作比往年开里您可以两个他们  3  车金黄色的通心粉秸。全村的人日夜奋战,要赶在 9 月的雨季之前把今年的庄稼收获来,打完场。

在屏幕的右侧,您可以看到布拉班太太本人,她已经帮了她的丈夫 30 年了。布拉班太太现在责通心粉工的工厂的经交谈。这最后一个镜向您展示了收获之后将发生的事:著名的克拉 布利亚人吃通心粉大!目前的冠军弗拉里先生,自 1991 来,年年获胜。今天 -- 4 1 日,星期四-

-的专新闻节目到此结束。现在我们回到电视演播室。”

 


【课文讲解】

1we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria. go over ……走过去

I went over to the blind man to help him across the road.

 

2  Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks.

between  作介词时含义之一是“作为……共同努力的结果,协力”:

Between them they killed the snake.

Between us we pulled downthe tree. 我们协力把树拉倒了。

3  The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains.

rain n.  雨水雨季,季节的雨(常用复数

the September rains 9 月雨季

We haven’t had much rain this year.

Sometimes spring rains arereally annoying. 有时绵绵春雨真人心烦意乱。

Special DifficultiesUsual and Usually

usual adj. 通常的,平常的,惯常的

It is usual with him to get up late. I parked the car at the usual place.

usually adv. 平常,通常

When do you usually have supper?

 

Between and Among

between prep. 在(两者)之间

I picked up the receiver between two sticky finger.

表示两两之间的系时,between 用于 3 个(3 以上的名词前:

The village lies between a river, a mountain and a road.

among prep……中间,被……环绕(指三者以上

The church lies among mountains. Among those boys, Dan is the tallest.

 

ManagerDirector and Headmaster manager n.

I entered the hotel manager’s office and sat down.

director n. 主任,董事

Mr. Jones is the director of several companies.

headmaster n.(中学)校

I haven’t met the headmaster of this school yet.

 


Lesson 77 A successful operation

New words and expressions】生词和短语14

mummy n. 木乃伊

Egyptian adj.

temple n.

mark n.

plate n. (照底片

disease n. 疾病

last v. 持续

prove v. 显示出

resin n. 树脂

skin n. 皮肤

section n. 切片

figure n. (人的)人像

normally adv. 通常地

survive v. 幸免于

last vi.  持续,延续(常跟一个表示时间的名词或语,没有被动语态

last 直接时间或for+时间

The meeting lasts (for) three hours.

The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453.

 

prove v. 显示出

vi. 显示,表明

prove +adj.

It proves difficult to do the job by herself. prove +to be +adj.

It proves to be difficult.

vt. 证明,证实(后面可跟从、形容词、名词、不定式等

I will prove it to you. 我将会证明给你看

We’re been trying to sell our house, but it’s proved to be very difficult. You should first prove that you bought these goods here.

 

Text

The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of

 


 

a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.

参考译文

死于公元前 800 年的一位埃妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。这是曾在底比斯神殿里过歌手的潘姆的木乃伊。由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的 X 光片子奇怪的斑所以,医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。搞清的唯一办法就是手术。手术持续了 4 小时,非常难,因为皮肤覆盖一层硬硬的树脂。医生们从木乃伊身一个切片,送去化验。他们还发现了 X 光片没有显示的东西:一个蜡制的杜瓦木夫神小塑像。这种牛人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。医生们至 今还未确这位妇女的死因。他们曾心在把木乃伊切开后,它会散成碎片,但幸运得很,这种况并未 发生。这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。

【课文讲解】

1The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.

B.C. = Before Christ 公元前,放在年代的后

A.D. 公元,放在年代的前,常常可以省略。

2The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.

that 指代中出现的名词 the mummy。在指代指事物时,尤其是在比较状语从中,常用 that

those 指代提到的事物:

The cost of living here is lower than that in London. that of those of 用于较正式的文中:

It's colder than Guangzhou. × 北京、广州是地,只有大小之分,本身没有冷和

The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou. ×

The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou.

= The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.

The texts of Book Two are more difficult than those of Book One. The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain.

Temple of Thebes 底比斯神庙

3As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

take plates of sth. ……拍片子

take photos of the mountain

take plate 拍片子,take photo 拍照

4As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.

find out +

die 是瞬间动词,不和段时间用。要和段时间用,必须变成系表结构 be deaddie be doing

。若用了bedoing,表示即将发生的动作。

 


He has died for three years. ×

 


die in the accident 死于车祸

die of +  死于……

die of hunger

die of grief 死于悲哀

die from + 外因  死于…… die from wound (枪伤) He died from the heartdisease.

在日常生活表达中,die of die from 可以互换。

5The only way to do this was to operate. way + of  做……的方做定语) way + to do 做……的方做定

6The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. what 对名词提问,how 对副词或介词语提问。

how 在这里是of sth.提问的。要想what 提问,died 面加 ofdecide v. 出最终的判断,对……下判决,解决(悬案)

The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.

 

7 They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.

fear v. 害怕(时间的

cut open 切开

fall to pieces =go to pieces 碎成碎片,散掉

During the storm, the old house fell to pieces. After two years their marriage fell to pieces.

 

Special Difficulties

B.C. and A.D.

B.C. = Before Christ 公元前(位于年代之后

The Romans invaded England in 55 B.C.

A.D. = anno Domini(=in the yeare of the Lord=since Christ was born) 公元前(位于年代之前

George I died in A.D. 1727.

 

SkinLeather and Complexion

skin n.  的皮肤人是什么颜色的皮肤(complexion 互换

We are wet to the skin.

He has a dark skin/complexion.

leather n. 皮革

Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive. This sofa is made from real leather.

complexion n. 肤色

 


Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lovely complexion.

 

Wax and Candle

wax n. 蜡(不数名词

All the figures in this shop are made of wax.

candle n. 蜡烛(数名词

I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly.

 


Lesson 78 The last one?

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

entitle v. 以……为名

calm v. 使镇

nerve n. 神经

concentration n. 集中,专心

suffer v. 受苦,受害

symptom n. 症状

temper n. 脾气

appetite n. 胃口,食欲

produce v. 拿出

urge v. 力劝,怂恿

satisfaction n. 满意,满足

delighted adj. 欣喜的

entitle vt. 以……为名,取名,给……题, ……称号v. 授权, 授权

entitle + + sth. ……题名为……

The writer hasn’t entitled his new book yet. The book was entitled The Sun Also Rises.

call sb. sth. name sb. sth.

 

calm v. 使镇

calm down 定下

nerve n. 神经

lose one's nerve 失去勇气

I lost my nerve.

nervous adj. 神经张的

mental disorder 神经病

concentration n. 集中,专心

concentrate v. 专心

concentrate on doing sth. 集中精力做某

concentrate on learning English

 

suffer v. 受苦,受害

vi. 受痛苦,爱苦难患病

During this time, my wife suffered terribly. What is the patient suffering from?

vt. 遭受(痛苦、损害

 


The village suffered serious damage from the floods. Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district.

 

temper n. 脾气

keep one's temper 发火

lose one's temper 发火

Since his illness, he always loses his temper.

名词 + ed 为形容词:

hot-tempered 脾气火爆 good-tempered 好脾气的 bad-tempered 坏脾气的

appetite n. 胃口,食欲

appetite for sth. ……的食欲 appetite  表示的胃口仅对食物

I have good appetite for the ice cream. 我很想吃冰淇淋

to one's taste 人的胃口

This book is not to my taste.

 

produce v. 拿出

produce=take

 

urge v. 力劝,怂恿

urge sb. to do sth. 怂恿做……

persuade sb. to do sth. 说服/劝说做某

satisfaction n. 满意,满足

satisfactory adj. 人满意的

delighted adj. 感到高兴的,欣喜的

delight n. 欣喜,高兴

delight + 让某人高

glad/happy/pleased 感到高兴的

I'm glad/happy/pleased. glad 是一种客套的话

Glad to hear that.

happy 对稳的一种快乐

He is a happy man.

pleased  高兴的,含有很满足的概念

I'm pleased.

delighted 如其来的事情让人感到的开心

I'm delighted.

 

Text

After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last

 


 

cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!

参考译文

读完一篇为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后,我点上了一枝香烟,来镇己紧张的神经。我聚精

会神又愉快地吸这枝烟因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间  我妻子吃尽了。我具备者通常表现出来有症状:脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的友们不断               我递香烟和雪茄我从口袋掏出一糖果,他掩饰地现出们对感到常好笑              这样过了 7 去参次聚会。我每个烟,我感到非不自在我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时,我再了。我地接过一,心满意足地抽起来。                            恢复了为此我子十高兴么说,如布赖恩指出的那样,戒烟是世最容易              已戒了很

【课文讲解】

1After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. an article entitled              名为……的文章

在英语中,文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写,不在开词、冠词、小品词除外。

lit lightlight v.

I lit a cigarette.

lighted adj. 燃的

This is a lightedcigarette.

 

2My friends kept on offering cigarettes and cigars.

keep on doing sth. = continue doing sth. 持续不断的

The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV. cigar n. 雪茄

offer sb. sth. 

3They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. make every effort              尽全力,尽一切努力

He made every effort to get/at getting the job. make no effort 根本不作努力,毫不

make no effort to persuade him

 


She wrote the letterwith/without effort.   /毫不力地写了那封信。

make effort + to do sth. 努力做…… no matter when = whenever  无论何时 no matter who = whoever  无论是

no matter where = wherever 无论在哪里

no matter how    无论

4When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. was more than I could bear = I couldn't bear

more than 跟一个从或一个形容词时可以表示“超出”(用于口语

He was more than pleased with his new room. This was more than I had expectd.

 

5Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. anyway 不管如何

Anyway I love him. Thank you anyway.

point out = explain 指出,指明

Why didn’t you point out his mistake to him at that time? He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.

 

Special Difficulties

keep 有关的短语动词

keep on +doing sth. 反复,持续

My friends kept on offering me cigarettes.

He kept on saying that he was tired. 他不断地说他累了。

keep off 不靠近,从……离

Keep off the flower bed. 请勿进入花坛。

Keep your hands off the food. 动吃的东西。

keep away from (使……不靠近,避开

Why do you always keep away from me? 你为什么总躲我?

Keep the children away from the river. 别让孩子们去河边。

keep it up 不松劲,保持成绩,继续

You've made much progress. Keep it up! 你已取得了很大进步。继续努力!

If you keep it up, you'll be able to set up a new world record.

你如果保持去/不松劲,你就能创一项新的世界纪录。

keep up with ,不落在……

Although he walked as fast as he could, he still couldn't keep up with his father.

他尽快走,但他仍跟不他父亲。

In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.

为了跟同学,他比往任何时候都更努力。

keep out (使)留在外使)不进入

He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind. 为了挡风,他关上有的门窗。

 


16,000-volt power line. Keep out! 16,000  伏高压线,不靠近!

keep in (把……)留在里在屋里,不出外

It's very cold today. We'd better keep in. 今天很冷。我们最好出去。

When the dog was kept in, it barked loudly. 那条狗被在屋里时狂吠不止。

 


Lesson 79 By air

New words and expressions】生词和短语6

parent n. 父(母)亲 flight attendant 空中乘务员 frightened adj. 害怕,

curious adj. 急于了解,好奇的

bomb n. 炸弹

plant v. 安放

plant v. 安放

vt. 种植……内种植

They planted grass seed on the desolate hills.

vt. ,安置;

A bomb was planted on the plane.

On that day many policemen were planted along the main street.

 

Text

I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.

参考译文

我在幼年的时候,曾次乘飞机旅行。我的父母曾经在南美洲,所以假期里我常从欧洲乘飞机到他

们那里。我总是由一位空中乘务员照管,从未遇到过不愉快的经历。我习惯了乘飞机旅行,只是有一次把 我吓坏了。起飞之后,我们在城市空低低地飞行,后慢慢爬高。这时飞机突然调转来,飞回了机场。 在我们待降落时,一位空中乘务员告诉我们要保持镇静,待飞机一陆,不声不响地开飞机。                            飞机急,大家急于想道究竟出了什么事。后来我们才得,飞机坐了一位非常重要的                            人物。有 人报告警察,说飞机安放了一枚炸弹。我们降落之后,飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。幸运的是,什              没有找到。5 个小时后,我们又起飞了。

【课文讲解】

1A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. take charge (of)… 照顾……,接管,开始管

She took charge of the child after his parents died.

 


 

The new manager will take charge (of the company) from next week.

 

2I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.

倒装,倒装的结构为“副词+助动词(bedohavecanmust +主语 +子的其余部分”。用倒装况:

首为否或近似否的副词(neverrarelylittleon no occasionhardlyno sooner…that ):

Little does he realize how important this meeting is. Never has he got so many letters.

On no occasion must you accept any money if he offers it.

首为 only 构成的词组(only afteronly then ):

Only then did I realize what a mistake I have made.

Only after she had taken off her coat and hat could I recognize her.

如果  only 加上一个状语放在首,那么要用倒装语序。即把肯定句语序变成一般疑语序。

It is only in recent years that it gained bad reputation. 强调

Only in recent years did the tree gain bad reputation. 倒装句也表示强调

be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某

3 After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport.

take off 起飞

gain height (飞机)增,爬高 gain vt.

The car gained speed when it was outside the town.

He has gained so much weight that he decides to go on a diet. touch down (飞机)陆,降落

Don’t stand up before the plane has touched down.

 

4Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. on board ……(如飞机),搭乘(船、飞机、火车、汽车

Tom has never been on board a plane before.

 

Special Difficulties

take 有关的短语动词

take off

(衣服、鞋子

Why don’t you take off your coat/hat/glasses?

(飞机)起飞,(鸟)飞起

The plane will take off in half an hour.

(嘲弄地)模仿(口语

He takes people off so well he ought to go on the stage. He is always taking his teacher off.

=He is always making fun of him by imitating him.

take after 长相)像(父母

Jane isn’t easy to get along with. She takes after her mother.

 


 

take up

占(时间、地点等

This work won’t take up too much of your time. Your books have taken up too much space.

开始(从事、产生兴趣

He took up tennis/painting two years ago.

He has taken up French. =He has begun to learn French.

take to 养成……的习惯,开始沉缅于(后跟名词或动名词

When did he take to drinking/smoking?

take in 欺骗(口语,常用被动语态

On one occasion I was taken in.

take down ,记

I forgot to take down his telephone number. The reporter took down everything I said.

take over 接收,接管

We all hope that things will get better when the new manager takes over.

 


Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace

New words and expressions】生词和短语10

palace n. 宫殿

extraordinary adj. 不平常的,非凡的

exhibition n. 展览

iron n.

various adj. 各种各样的

machinery n. 机器

display n. 展览

steam n. 蒸汽

profit n. 利润

college n. 学院

profit n. 利润

n. 利润,赢利得益

Stores havent made as much profit as usual this year.

The profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.

vi. 获益,得益获利

I have profited much from your advice/this book/ living abroad.

 

Text

Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer. Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.

参考译文

19 世纪最不寻常的建筑许要数水晶宫了,它是为 1851 年的“世界博览会”建在海德公园的。这座水晶宫不同于世界上所有的其他建筑,因为它是用钢和玻璃建成的。它是有史来最高大的建筑物之一,  此,人们从各个国家纷纷前来参观。大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会,参展的还有很机器,其   中最奇妙的是史密斯的蒸汽锤。尽管在时旅行不像现在这么容易,但汽船还是把成千万的参观者从   欧洲大陆送过了英吉利海峡。一到英国,火车把他们送到了水晶宫。参观的人数总600 万。博览会的赢利

用来建造博物馆和高学校。后来,“水晶宫”被移到了伦敦南部。在 1936 年被焚毁之前,它一直是世界

最著名的建筑物之一。

 


【课文讲解】

1Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built

in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. the Great Exhibition 世界博览会

2The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. be different from              ……不同

be made of ……制造(指原材料没有发生化学的变化

3It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. of all time 空前的,有史来(常与形容词的最高级用,表示范围)

He is one of the greatest men of all time.

one of =最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些,不那么绝对。 Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.

Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year.

 

4There was also a great deal of machinery on display.

machinery n机器,机械装(集合名词,与单数动词搭配

个具的机器machine 或者a piece of machinery 来表示:

This is a wonderful piece of machinery/a wonderful machine. on display = on show 展出,陈列

Shall we put all these flowers on display/show?

 

5There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.

in all ,合计

at the wedding there were over 100 people in all.

 

6It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936. remain 在这里为系动词,表示“保持不变,仍(后面可跟形容词、名词、动名词

Why did you remain silent/quiet at the dinner party? They all remained standing while the manager talked.

 

Special Difficulties

on 的短语:

on display/show 展出,陈列

This is thebest dress on display/show. 这是展出的最好的衣服。

on business 因公(for pleasure

Last month he went to New York on business and had little time to visit friends.

on foot 步行(by busby carby air 等相

I usually go to work by car, but this morning I went on foot.

 


on duty 值班,值班的

It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty.

on the whole 总的看来,总的来说,大体上

On the whole, he is a hard-working student.

on fire 起火,

Soon the whole building was on fire.

on purpose 故意地,有意地,意地(与 by chance

They have come here on purpose to see you. She broke the vase on purpose.

on the average 平均,通常

On the average, he works more than ten hours a day.

on any account 无论如何,不管么说(通常用否定句

Do not interrupt him on any account.

You mustnt on any account sign the contract before you read it.

on second thought(s) 经重新考虑后(thought  用单数或复数均

I intended to go to the party, but on second thought(s), I decided to stay at home.

 


Lesson 81 Escape

New words and expressions】生词和短语14

prisoner n. 囚犯

bush n. 灌木丛

rapidly adv. 迅速地

uniform n. 制服

rifle n. 来福枪,步枪

shoulder n.

march v. 行进

boldly adv. 大胆地

blaze v. 闪耀

salute v. 行礼

elderly adj. 了年纪的

grey adj.

sharp adj.

blow n. 打击

march v. 行进

v.(部队)行军,行进

②  v.(威风凛凛/从容不迫地)走,迅速地走Jane

marched out of the room without saying a word.

 

Text

When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.

参考译文

那个战俘杀死卫兵后,迅速地把尸拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵,很快了死者   衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装,肩扛步枪,在军营门前大胆地来回走看。他听得军营里的喧闹声。那里灯   米通明,人们在东奔西跑:他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。在此时,一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了   来。里坐了 4  个军官。军官们了车,战俘立站好,并在他们从他前经过时敬了礼。他们走后,汽车司机向他走来,这人显是想天。他了年纪,有发和明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜,

 


但却没有的选择。这个人走近时,战俘一拳把他打倒在地,后跳进车里,最快的速把车开走了。

【课文讲解】

1When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. the prisoner of war 战俘(缩写POW

2Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. change into 换(衣)

He changed into his new dress and went to the party.

 

3Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp.

up and down 来回,前后

He was worried about his mother and walked up and down in the room.

 

4 Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped.

here and there ,四

They went here and there looking for the lost child.

 

5The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. stand at/to attention 

The students stood at/to attention while the headmaster made a speech.

 

Letter Writing结束语

Please give my love/regards to… I hope you feel better soon.

 

Special DifficultiesClothClothes and Clothing cloth

n. 布,布料(不数名词

There’s enough cloth for a skirt.

Do you think the cloth will wear well? 你认为这布料会耐穿吗?

n. 抹布,桌布(数名词

Wipe up the mess with a cloth.

clothes n.  衣服,服装(后动词用复数形

My clothes are mostly bought from abroad.

clothing n.  服装的总称(不数名词,包括衣服、鞋、帽

He still needs some winter clothing.

 

Salute and Greet

 


salute v. 行军礼,(向……敬礼

The guard saluted as the officers passed. The guard saluted the officers.

greet v. 打招呼,欢迎,迎接

When we arrived, the whole family stood up to greet us. He greeted Dan with a nod.

 

Clear and Clean clear

adj. 清澈的,明亮的,晴朗的

He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes.

Seeing that it was a clear day, he drove to the countryside.

adj. 清楚的,明确的,明了的

I want to make it clear that I’m not paying the bill.

adj. 畅通的,无障碍的,无危险的

You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road.

clean

adj. 干净的

These cups are not very clean.

adj. 无污的,无犯罪历史的

He has a clean record. 他一贯表现很好(没有前科

 


Lesson 82 Monster or fish?

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

monster n. 怪物

sailor n. 海员

sight v. 见到

creature n. 动物,生物

peculiar adj. 奇怪的,不寻常的

shining adj. 闪闪发光的

oarfish n. 桨鱼

claim

vt. &vi.(对……提出要求,认领,索取

Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?

vt. 声称,断言

They claim to have seen monsters in the sea. He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.

 

Text

Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.

 

参考译文

渔夫和水手们有时声称自看到过海里的妖怪。虽人们常常对水手们讲的故事诸一笑,但现在看  来,人们有时看到的这些“妖怪”很不过是些奇怪的鱼。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸来,但它们  在海上   却极少被捕到。然而不久前,在马达附近的海里却捕到了一条奇怪的鱼。一条小渔船被一  条咬钩的强壮的大鱼拖到了几英里外的海面上。那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼,于是千方  百计不它受到丝毫伤害。终于把它弄岸后,人们发现它身超过了 13  英尺。它长着一个像马一样,有大的蓝眼睛和闪闪发光的银色皮肤,还有一条鲜红色的尾巴。此鱼叫桨鱼,被送进了博物馆,  接受一位科学家的检查。人们很少看到活的这类动物,因为它们生活在 600 英尺的水

【课文讲解】

1Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.

to have seen 是不定式的完成结构。不定式的完成用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的况。

 


定式的完成常用于 believedeclarefindsayseeknowthinkunderstand 动词之后(这些动词常用被动语态

I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time.

He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash. I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.

我本想/本打算邀请他的,是我忘记了。

I hope/plan to have finished by 12.

我希望/计划到 12 已完成。(相当于将来完成时

2Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish.

at times 有时,偶尔

At times I feel that he is not honest.

 

3Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. out at sea 在远海,在外海

Don’t sail out to sea in this weather.

 

4Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. no 的否意味比 not (a/an)要重(用于名词或形容词之前、系动词 be 之后)

They are no friends of ours. 他们根本不是我们的朋友。

This is no easy work. 这绝对不是件容易干的活。

5Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet. creature 指包含人在的“生物,动物”。指人时它可以表示怜爱用于指女

The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.

 

Letter Writing结束语:

I shall be looking forward to hearing from/seeing you soon.

I hope you will soon settle down in your (new job, school, etc.).

 

Special DifficultiesLaugh and Laugh at laugh v.

Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance.

laugh at 嘲笑……

Don’t laugh at me.

 

Wash and Wash up

 


 

wash

v. 洗,洗涤

I must get up and wash. wash oneself 洗澡

Sally can almost wash herself now.

v. 冲走,卷走

Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore. The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.

wash up

v. 洗餐具

When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).

v. ……

The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.

 


Lesson 83 After the elections

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

election n. 选举

former adj. 从前的

defeat v. 打败

fanatical adj.

opponent n. 反对者,对手

radical adj. 激进的

progressive adj. 进步的

ex- prefix(前缀,用于名词前)前……

suspicious adj. 怀

ex- prefix(前缀,用于名词前)前……相当former

ex-husband 前夫 ex-wife 前妻ex-taxi-driver 前出租汽车司

ex-manager 前任经 ex-headmaster 前任校

suspicious adj. 怀

adj. 的,认为可疑的,对……心的,多疑

Customs officers are suspicious of nervous-looking travelers. Don’t be so suspicious. Everything’s all right.

adj. 可疑的,人起

You get a lot of suspicious-looking people in this bar. The car crash looks suspicious.

 

Text

The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Patrick, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr. Lane's Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Patrick went to the former Prime Minister's house. When he asked if Mr. Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Patrick went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Patrick asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. 'I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday,' he shouted, 'Mr. Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad!"

'I know,' answered Patrick, 'but I love to hear you say it!'

 

参考译文

前首沃兹.莱恩先生在最近的大选中被击败。他现在退出了政界,到国外去了。我的朋友帕里 克一直是莱恩先生的激进党的强反对者。大选结束后,帕里克来到了前首住处他询问莱恩先 生是在那里时,值班的警察告诉他这位前首落选后出国去了。第二天,帕里克再次来到首

 


。昨天的那位警察从门口慢慢走过,帕里克前问了和昨天同样的问。虽那位警察这次有点疑 心,但还是对他作了同样的回答。第三天,帕里克又去了,提出了同前两天完全一样的问。这一次警察火了。 “我昨天和前天告诉过您了,”他大叫,“莱恩先生在大选中被击败了,他已经退出了政界去国外了!”

“这我都知道,”帕里克说,“是喜欢听你说出这此!”

【课文讲解】

1After the elections

the elections 大选(英文中 election 常用复数形,后接表示复数的动词,用来指全国的选举的选举用单数)

He hopes to defeat his rival in next year’s elections.

 

2The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. former adj. 前的,从前的,前任的(后跟名词)

Yesterday, he received a letter from his former wife/English teacher. Prime Minister 

3Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer.

这是一个步状语从。如果从的主语和主谓语带系动词 be,则主语+be 省略但原因状语从的省略形要带分词 being

If possible, please let me know by this evening.

如果可能的话,请今晚前告诉我。

Being worried about his child, he walked up and down in the room.

 

4This time, the policeman lost his temper. lost his temper 发脾气

Letter Writing结束语:

I am very sorry for all the trouble this has caused you. I wish you good luck/every success in…

 

Special Difficulties

Temper and Mood temper

n. 脾气,性情

This time, the policeman lost his temper. Whatever happens, remember to keep our temper.

Mysister is of a calm/quick temper. 我姐姐/妹妹性情平和/脾气急躁。

The boss is in a temper today. 老板今天脾气不好。

n. 绪(与mood 同义

That morning he was in a good mood/temper.

mood n. 有意/想要(做某(不temper

When he is in a bad temper, he gets angry easily. But when he is in a bad mood, he likes to sit alone. bad

 


mood bad temper 区别

他脾气不好时,他很容易生气。但他心不好时,他喜欢独自坐

At that time I was not in the mood for talking/to talk. (不temper

Although Jeremy is well-known for his great sense of humour, he is in no mood for telling funny stories today. (不temper

 


Lesson 84 On strike

New words and expressions】生词和短语11

strike n. 罢工

busman n. 汽车司机

state v. 正式提出,宣布

agreement n. 协议

relieve v. 减轻

pressure n. 压力,麻烦

extent n. 程度

volunteer v. 自动提出,自

gratitude n. 感激

Press n. 新闻界

object v. 不赞成,反对

relieve v. 减轻

vt. 缓解,减轻

This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. This medicine has relieved my toothache.

vt. 使……宽心/宽慰,松一口气

He was much relieved to hear that the operation had been successful. The news relieved te whole family.

volunteer v. 自动提出,自

vt. &vi. ,自动提出,自提供

Some college students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. After the fire, many people volunteered their services.

Frank has volunteered for the army.

n. 者,志

Are there any volunteers for a try? 有自试一试的人吗?

Press n. 新闻界(集合名词

Ian is a member of the press.

The press is/are waiting to see the president. 记者们在等着见总统。

Text

Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the students are

 


 

expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days' time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!

参考译文

汽车司机决定下星期罢工。罢工于星期二开始,谁也道会持续久。司机们声称此次罢工  将一直持续到工资和工作条件问达成全协议的时候为止。数人认为此次罢工至少会持续一个星 期。私人汽车的车主准备为乘车班的人们提供“免乘车”的服务,这将在程度上减轻对火 车的压力。与此同时,有一部分大学生自在罢工期间驾驶公汽车。有的学生是开车的手,但在 驾驶公汽车之前,他们必须通过一项专门测验。学生们准备在两天后接受测验。即使这样,人们仍会 感到班有困难。但到目前为止,公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之了。只有一两个人 提出反对意见,说学生们会把车开得太快!

【课文讲解】

1Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. go on strike 举行罢工

on strike 在罢工

It is not clear yet when the teachers on strike will return to their classrooms.

 

2The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. due adj. 的,约

be due to do sth. 于(做某

The plane is due (to arrive) in London at 9 o’clock. be due to +n. 由于……,因为……

Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.

 

3Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work. free ride 乘车

4This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. to some extent =to a certain extent 程度上 The weather has helped me to some/a certain extent.

 

5Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast! object that… 提出异议,反对

They objected that the book was too difficult for them. object to 名词/动名词 反对,不喜欢,不赞成

A lot of people object to smoking in public places. Do you object to my sitting beside you?

Special Difficulties

 


it 作先行宾语

 


在主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语的型中,常用  it 作先行宾语,真的宾语为后的动词不定式或从

People are going to find it difficult to get to work.

常用这种结构的动词有:findthinkconsiderfeelmakekeep 

She felt it right for them to arrest the thief.

They consider it impossible to finish the work in three days.

 


Lesson 85 Never too old to learn

New words and expressions】生词和短语14

inform

v.

告诉,通

headmaster

n.

contribute

v.

捐助,援助

gift

n.

礼物,赠品

album

n.

签名簿,

patience

n.

耐心

encouragement

n.

鼓励

farewell

n.

honour

n.

敬意

coincidence

n.

巧合

total

n.

总数

devote

v.

致力于

gardening

n.

园艺

hobby

n.

爱好,嗜好

inform v. 告诉,通

vt. ,告

inform sb. of sth. 知某……

Who informed you about/ofthis? inform that… 知……

he was informed that he would receive an extra thousand pounds a year. tell sb. sth. 告诉

tell sb. that 告诉……

vi. 告发,检举(against/on

He used to inform against his classmates. Several people have informed on him.

 

devote v. 致力于

devote to + doing 致力于……to 是介词

I devote myself to teaching.

He devoted himself to making money. object to + doing sth.

farewell n.

farewell n. ,再见adj. goodbye 更正式

Farewell! 再会!一路平安!

He said farewell to his mother and got on the plane. When Frank retired, they held a farewell party.

 


honour n. 敬意

guard of honour 仪仗队

in one's honour 为纪念人,对人表示尊重

We will give him a party in his honour. We will give him a dinner in his honour.

It's my honour. 是我的荣幸

It's my honour to do sth. 做某件事是我的荣幸

It's my honour to talk with you.

I'm honoured to do sth. 我感到荣幸

I'm honoured to talk with you.

I'm honoured to stand here and give you lessons. I'm honoured to be your teacher.

 

Text

I have just received a letter from my old school, informing me that my former headmaster, Mr. Stuart Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home. We shall all remember Mr. Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr. Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn.

参考译文

我刚刚收到母校的一封信,通我说前的校斯图亚.佩奇先生星期退休了。为了纪念这个日 子,学校的学生——无论老同学还是新同学——将送他一件礼物。有凑钱买此礼品的人将自的名字 签在一 本大签名簿,签名簿将被送到校的家里。我们不会忘记佩奇先生对我们既有耐心又充满解, 不会忘记在我们不学时他给予我们的亲切鼓励。很老同学准备参加下星期四为他举行的告宴会。佩奇先生退休的前一天好是他执教满 40 年的日子,这真是奇妙的巧合。他退休后,将致力于园艺。对于他来说,这将是一种全新的爱好。但这没有系,因为如他常说的那样,人要活到老学到老。

【课文讲解】

1I have just received a letter from my old school, informing me that my former headmaster, Mr. Stuart Page,

will be retiring next week.

former adj. 前任的,前的

2Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. student 通指有的学生pupil 指中小学的学生

mark the occasion 纪念这一时候

mark n.  标记v. 标记,给……作记号/留痕迹纪念

He marked all the foods which were forbidden with a red pencil.

 


send sb. sth. ……

3All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home.

contribute towards/to sth. ……,提供给……

Before his death, he contributed a large sum of money to the church. A few of us contributed towards Mary’s present on her birthday.

all those whowill do sth. 有那些人都……

All those who want to go on an excursion will sign their names. 想去郊游的人签名

All those who will take part in the sports meeting will sign their names. present gift 表示“礼物,赠品”,但 gift 对要正式些:

She has just received a beautiful birthday present. He made a gift of $60,000 to his old school.

 

4We shall all remember Mr. Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school.

remember sb. for sth. 因为……住某人,记得…………

be willing to do sth. 心甘情愿做某

We shall all remember him for his hard work

 

5A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. in one’s honour = in honourof sb.              为向……表示敬意,为纪念

Many people attended the party in honour of the new manager. This is a farewell performance in her honour.

 

6It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr. Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years.

It’s is a curious coincidence that… 纯属巧合,……真是奇异的巧合

the day before 前一天 two days before 前两

a total of 

The money she spent on the dinner party reached a total of $200.

 

7After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.

devote oneself to… 致力于……,献身于,专心于(to  为介词,后跟名词或动名词

Mary devotes herself to helping the poor. As a boy, Jim devoted himself to tennis.

 

8For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. entirely = completely 完完全全地

9But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. as + 

As you know,… 如你所知道的……

 


Letter Writing一封信的结尾:

I am looking forward to seeing you soon.

Best regards,

Tom

可以Best wishesYours Love 结尾。

签名必须清楚,必须落在信末尾的下面。如果信写完后还想作些补充,可以写在签名下面。在写的附言之前必须加上 P.S.两个字母,这是“又”的意思。

Special DifficultiesToo and Enough

too adv. 太,过分

enough adv. 足够,十分

too enough 都可程度副词,但 too 通常位于它修饰的形容词/分词之前,enough 则位于它修饰的词之后。在含有不定式型里,too 经常具有否的含义,enough 则表示达到必要的程度

He is too heavy for me to lift.

The pear is ripe enough for me to eat.

 


Lesson 86 Out of control

New words and expressions】生词和短语11

swing v. 转向

speedboat n. 快艇

desperately adv. 绝望地

companion n. 同伙,伙伴

water ski (由快艇牵引水橇)滑水

buoy n. 浮标

dismay n. 沮丧

tremendous adj. 巨大的

petrol n. 汽油

drift v. 漂动,漂流

gently adv. 缓慢地,轻轻地

swing v. 转向

vt. &vi.(使……)摆动/摇动

He can’t stand those who swing their legs while eating. She tried to swing the baby to sleep.

vt. &vi. 突然转向,使……转向/转身

The man tried to swing the speedboat round. He swung round and looked at the two men.

 

 

Text

As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.

参考译文

那人试图快艇转弯时,方向盘脱手了。他绝望地向他的伙伴挥手,他的伙伴在过去的 15 分钟里一直在滑水。他们两个还没来得意识到究竟发生了什么事被猛地抛入了海里。快艇撞了一个浮标, 但它仍在水面上快速行驶。两个人刚开始向岸边游去,就突然惊愕地发现快艇在转圈行驶,它现在              正以惊人的速直冲他们驶来。不到 1 分钟的工夫,它从他们只有几英尺远的地方呼啸驶了过去。快

 


艇过去之后,他们最快的速向前游去,因为他们道快艇马上就要转回来。他们刚刚来得游出危险 快艇又转完了一圈。然而这一次它的速了。汽油几乎已经用光。没过久,噪音便彻底消失, 快艇开 始在水面上慢悠悠地漂流。

【课文讲解】

1Out of control

out of 失去,欠缺

We are out of bread.

He has been out of work for two months.

The plane got out of control and crashed in the mountains.

 

2As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. come away 脱落,开,脱,脱开

When I tried to lift the suitcase, the handle came away.

 

3On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. on this occasion 这一次

4The petrol had nearly all been used up. use up 耗尽,用光,用完

They have just bought a house and a car. They must have used up all their money. up 表示“彻底地,完全地”,也可与其他一些动词用:

The child soon ate up the cake. She burned up all his letters.

Can you read up the book in two hours?

 

5Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water. drop vi. 减少,变弱,消失

When he saw that Mary was annoyed, his voice dropped. We had to stay at home before the wind had dropped.

 

Special DifficultiesEnough and Fairly

enough 表示“足够”,用在形容词或副词之后,有“为了种目的”的含义

I’m old enough to know I’m doing.

I didn’t arrive at the stationearly enough. 我到车站到得不够(我误了火车

fairly 表示“相当”,通常修饰表示肯意义的词:

The water in the pool is fairly warm, but not warm enough to swim in. He is fairly quick, but not quick enough to take part in the race.

 


Lesson 87 A perfect alibi

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

alibi n. 不在犯罪现场

commit v. 犯(罪、错

inspector n.

employer n. 雇主

confirm v. 确认,证实

suggest v. 提醒

truth n.

alibi n不在犯罪现场,不在场证明,时不在场的申辩(不数名词

Ian had an alibi/alibis for that morning.

 

commit v. 犯(罪、错

vt. 犯(罪(错事、坏事

He has never committed any crime before.

A murder was committed at 8 o’clock this morning.

vt. 诺,使承担义务,卷入(经常与反身代词

You should know each other better before committing yourselves to marriage. He has committed his friend to taking part in the race.

 

confirm v. 确认,证实

vt. 证实,确

My employer will confirm that I was there on time. His words are confirmed.

vt. 巩固,

His experiences in that company that confirmed his decision to have a factory of his own. What he saw and heard that night confirmed his belief that the pub was haunted.

 

Text

'At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train to London,' said the man. 'Do you always catch such an early train?' asked the inspector.

'Of course I do,' answered the man. 'I must be at work at 10 o'clock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.'

'Would a later train get you to work on time?' asked the inspector. 'I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.'

'At what time did you arrive at the station?'

'At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.' 'And you didn't notice anything unusual?'

'Of course not.'

 


 

'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8 o'clock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'

参考译文

“在凶杀发生的时候,我坐在 8 钟开往伦敦的火车。”那人说。 “您总是赶这样的火车?”探问。

当然是的,”那人回答。“我必须在 10 班,我的雇主会证明我是按时到了那的。” “晚一点儿的车也能送您按时班吗?”

“我认为可以,但我从来不乘晚一点儿的车。” “您几钟到的火车站?”

7 50 分。我买了张报纸,等着车来。” “您没有注意到有什么异常况发生吗?” 当然没有。”

“我提醒您,”探说,“您讲的不是实话。您乘的不是 8 钟的火车,8 25 分的,这次车同样使您按时班。您看,在凶杀发生的那天晨,8 钟的那次车根本没有发。它在芬格林车站出了故障被取消了。”

【课文讲解】

1And you didn't notice anything unusual?

这是一个陈述,如:

You’re out of work?

代词  anythingsomething 被形容词修饰时,形容词必须跟在不代词之后:

This isn’t anything important. I’d like something cheaper.

 

2I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth. I suggest (that)… 依我看……,恐怕……

I suggest that he is not so honest as he looks.

I suggest that the car crash was not accidental.

 

3You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8 o'clock train did not run at all.

you  see  在口语中经常作为插入语出现,首、中或尾均可以,表示“你道,事实含义:

He was not really interested in film, you see.

My leg isn’t all right yet, you see, so I can’t climb the hill with you.

run 可以指火车、公汽车、船/期行驶,(在两地间)往来”:

This ship runs between Dover and Calais.

 


Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

trap v. 陷入,使陷于困境

surface n. ,表

explosive n. 炸药

vibration n. 震动

collapse v. 坍塌

drill v. 钻孔

capsule n. 容器

layer n.

beneath prep. 在.. 之

lower v. ,降低

progress v. 进展,进行

smoothly adv. 顺利地

collapse v. 坍塌

vi. 倒塌

If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. With no one to repair it, the old church collapsed long ago.

vi.(因精疲力竭)倒下;(身体等垮掉

After many years’ hard work, my mother’s health collapsed.

He had run more than forty miles. As soon as he was out of danger, he collapsed.

 

Text

Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.

参考译文

6 个人被困在矿井里已有 17 个小时了。如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来,他们可能丧生。然而,事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破,震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此,营救人员在矿井的侧钻了 一个洞。他们准备用一种制的容器把这 6 个人救来。如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石,他们

的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际况是,他们已续钻了 16 个小时了,但钻透还呢。

 


与此同时,两个小时前放井去的一只麦克风使井的人可以与其亲属保持联系。虽他们的食物和饮 料快消耗尽了,但这些人的心很好,坚信他们很快会出去。他们一直被告营救工作进行得非常顺 利。如果他们道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有么困难,他们会丧失信心的。

【课文讲解】

1However, rescue operations are proving difficult. rescue operations 营救工作

prove vt. 证明是,结果是

What he had told us proved false.

 

2Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. therefore adv. 因此,所以独立使用,也可位于动词前)

The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.

His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car. so conj. 所以,因此(不放在动词前)

We arrived early, so we got good seats.

 

3As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. as it is =as it was 事实,实际

I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.

I promised to return books yesterday. As it is, I won’t be able to do so until next Monday.

 

4Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.

enable vt. 使……能

The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.

前缀 en-在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词,如 endanger(危,使遭受危险enlarge大,扩展,扩充enslave奴役,使成为奴隶entrap使……入陷阱/圈套,欺骗)

keep in touch with ……保持联系(可以stayget 其他动词

George is in close touch with Ian.

Can you get in touch with the company?

 

5Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.

run out of 用完,用尽

6If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. lose heart 失望,丧失信心/勇气,泄气,灰心

Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost heart at once.

 


Special Difficulties

run 有关的短语

run out of 用完,耗尽

They are running out of food and drink. He has run out of money.

run after 追赶,追逐

Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.

run over ……驶过/辗过

The car ran over a snake/his legs.

run in 试车,试转(发动机

John is running his new car in.

Run in the engine before you start work.

run into 碰见

I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop. He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy.

 


Lesson 89 A slip of the tongue

New words and expressions】生词和短语7

slip n. 小错误

comedy n. 喜剧

present v. 演出adj. 出席,到场的

queue v. 排队

dull adj. 枯燥,无味

artiste n. 艺人

advertiser n. 报幕员

slip n. 小错误,失误,疏漏

You’ve made some slips (of the pen) in your report.

When he was nervous, he would sometimes make a slip of tongue.

 

Text

People will do anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen!"

参考译文

人们总要想尽办看不花钱的演出——哪怕是拙劣的演出。“皮尤”鸟食公司将在我们院演出喜剧节目的消息传开后,我们跑去观看。我们不得不排了好几个小时才进得场去。在演出开始前  已有好几百人了。不幸的是,这次演出是我们看过的最乏味的演出了。那些没进到场的人没  有必要感到失望,因为很应该出场的专业演员没有来。那天晚唯一有趣的事是节目开始时那个报  幕员的开场。他显非常张,局促不安地在麦克风前站了好几分钟。但他刚一开口说话,人们便哄堂大笑起来。我们那个怜的人应该说些什么,他实际说的却是:“这是‘浦伊’鸟食公司,好女士们,晚先生们!”

【课文讲解】

1A slip of the tongue

a slip of the tongue 口误,说走了嘴,失言

Are you sure that it was just a slip of tongue? 你确信那只是一时口误吗?

2People will do anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one.

 


anything 用于肯定句时表示“不论什么,任何事”,to see a free show 表示目的,也可以for +名词

He will do anything to save his child’s life. He will do anything for the child.

 

3When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.

get round = get around/about 传遍,(消息、谣言传开

The word soon got round that there was buried treasure in that cave. Bad news gets round quickly.

 

4 As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. burst out 突然……起来(后常接动名词,或 in/into+名词)

When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying. At the sight of the drunk, everyone burst out laughing/in laughter.

 

Special Difficulties

Free and Single free

adj. 的,无偿的

She has got some free ticket to the comedy show. The people are free to choose who will govern them.

adj. 自由的,没束缚的,不受控制的,空

You are free to make your own decision. I’m free on Friday evening.

single adj单身的,独身的,未

I enjoy being single.

Are you married or single?

a single parent 单亲(独自一人养育女的父亲或母亲

Queue and Row queue

vi. 排队

We had to queue for hours to get in.

She has to queue for the bus every morning.

n.(按顺序待的人、车的)行列、队(通常为纵队) There’s a long queue/line of people waiting for the bus.

We’d better join the queue for tickets.

row n.(人或物的)一排、一行(通常为横的

You can see me in this old photo, standing in the back row. Please put the desks in four rows.

 

Funny

 


adj. 有趣的,滑稽的,逗人发笑的(amusing 同义

He included a large number of funny stories in his speech.

adj. 反常的,古怪的,奇怪的(口语

I thought there was something funny about the parcel, so I phoned the police. This morning I saw her wearing a funny hat which looked like a lighthouse.

 


Lesson 90 What's for supper?

New words and expressions】生词和短语15

chip n. 油煎土豆片

overfish v. 捕捞

giant adj. 巨大的

terrify v. 吓,使恐怖

diver n. 潜小员

oil rig 石油钻塔

wit n. (复数)智,

cage n.

shark n. 鲨鱼

whale n.

variety n. 品种

cod n.

skate n.

factor n. 因素

crew n. 工作人员

overfish v. 捕捞

over 前缀,表示“过的”

overdressed 打扮的过了份 well-dressed 打扮的很

I overcook the rice. 我把饭糊了。

You overdid it. 你过分了。

giant adj. 巨大的

giant = huge quantity big/large/great/huge/immense/fantastic

tremendous adj巨大的(大的人不信,惊讶

enormous adj巨大的(大的人不信,惊讶

This is a tremendous shoe.

This is tremendous and enormous. giant n. 巨人adj. 像巨人一样的

terrify v. 吓,使恐怖

terrify/horrify 恐惧(主语是吓人者,宾语是被吓者

The thief/robber terrified me. The snake terrified me.

fear/be afraid of 害怕……(主语是人

frighten/scare 吓了一跳(主语是物,吓了一跳,但很快恢复了平静,主语是吓人者,宾语是被 吓者)

You frighten me. 你吓了我一跳

 


wit n.(复数)智,out of one's wits 吓个半死

The snake terrified me out of my wits.

She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire. 大火吓得她惊慌失措。

Are you out of your wits? 你疯了吗?

beat sb. to mummy 打个半死,失去智,惊慌失措

variety n.  品种(品种的

variety show 综艺节目

various = all kinds of adj. 各种各样的

crew n工作人员(指在飞机或船的工作人员

staff n. 办公室的全工作人员

crew staff 属于集合名词,可能单数,可能复数。

special

adj. 殊的,特别的,独

He received special care while in Paris.

adj. 专门的,制的,专用的

Special cages are made to protect them from giant fish.

 

Text

Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?

 

参考译文

炸土豆片一是英人喜爱的一道菜,但是洋里的滥捕滥捞,鱼已经变越来越昂贵  此,听说油钻井平台的潜水员受到巨型鱼类的恐,确实很人吃。钻平台要经  潜水员在水100 英尺摸黑工作,们曾在工时被撞到他们得惊惶有了制的笼子,用来保护他免受大鱼的侵袭。这些鱼并是鲨鱼或逆戟鲸受人们喜爱的                            食用鱼品种,如鳕鱼和鳐鱼,只不得出奇地大,有时 12 英尺得这么 3 个因素造成的:海底的输油管的温暖钻井平台工作人员抛到海充足的井平台              周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是,。究竟呢?

 


【课文讲解】

1What's for supper?

What's for breakfast?

I have eggs/nothing for breakfast.

 

2Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.

fish and chips(鱼和炸土豆片,传统英国食物,是一道菜)被看作是一个整,因此,虽chips 是复数形,它后却要跟动词的单数形

dish 在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”:

I like French dishes. 我喜欢(吃)国菜。

Would you like a sweet dish? 您要一盘甜食吗?

more and more 越来越……音节用more and more 原级

more and more interesting

I love you more and more each day as time goes by.

时间的流逝我每一天越来越爱你。

fatter and fatter 越来越胖(单音节直接er,后用 and

3So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. it comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that              人惊讶

It comes as a surprise that it rains/snows.

It comes as a surprise to have four lessons in three hours.

人吃惊的表达:

to ones surprise

The most surprising thing about it is that

get a surprise

What a surprise it is

It comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that

 

4Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fight bumping into them as they work.

bump into

,撞

Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.

那醉汉在黑夜中荡时撞到了一个警察的身

遇见,碰见(用于口语

I bumped into Jane at the conference. 我开会时碰见了简。

5Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.

protect sb. from + n. 保护……使之不受侵害(protect 常与 from against

This coat will protect you against the cold.

 


 

He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog.

 

6 The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length.

not…but… 不是……而……

eating adj. 供食用的宜生食的

favourite eating variety 受人们喜爱的食用的品种

Eating corn is quite sweet. 食用玉米很香甜。

These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.

这些是生吃的苹果,那些是烹饪用的苹果。

grow to 

as much as ……一样(最大限度+ 数字

as much as five meters tall as far as +

as far as I could get

宽高的表达方

数词 + 量词 +adj.

two feet deep

数词 + 量词 + in + 名词

long - length high - height wide width deep - depth

two feet in depth

 

7Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea;

the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.

cause sb. to do sth. 导致……

grow + adj. 变得……

grow large

plentiful supply of… ……的充足供应

plentiful supply of money/workers throw sth. overboard = throw away 扔 掉

throw the rubbish overboard

total 在这里表示“完全的,彻底的”(相当completeHis letter is a total surprise to her.

That girl is a total stranger to me. absence of 缺少,不存在

These plants don’t grow well because of the absence of rain/sunshine. total absence of… 完全没有……

total absence of mind 心不在焉

The total absence of mind caused him to fail the exam. the total absence of order… 没有秩序

8As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water.

 


as a result = so 结果是,因此

He didn’t work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination. as a result of = because of 因为……

As a result of his hard work, he succeeded.

 

Special Difficulties

被看作整体的、用 and 连接的两个名词

主语是 and 接的两个名词时,谓语通常用复数形

An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed.

有些名词由于经常在一起用,把它们看成一个整(或一个单位,因成了一种复合名词。它们不仅有固的词序,且后的谓语动词通常要用单数形。这类复合名词有:bacon and eggs(咸肉和鸡蛋 bread and butter包和黄油cheese and wine(奶酷和葡萄酒),fish and chips(鱼和油炸土豆片a knife and fork(一副刀叉sausage(s) and mash(香肠和土豆泥。通常被作为单数看待的有一道菜和一套东西。

Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.

如果把两个名词看成是分开的东西,动词要用复数:

Fish and chips make a good meal.

 


Lesson 91 Three men in a basket

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

balloon n. 气球

royal adj. 皇家

spy v. 侦察

track n. 轨迹,踪迹

binoculars n. 望远镱

spy v. 侦察

vi. 暗中监视侦察(通常与 onupon

I noticed some policemen spying on the foreign tourists.

vt. 发现,看见

She spied a cloud of smoke in the distance. He spied a stranger in his garden.

n. 间谍,密探

He was once a spy for the police/British government. They have arrested three spies.

 

Text

A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars. When the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing!

参考译文

一个飞行员发现了一只气球,它像是飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。他马况报告了该基地, 但 那里的人没有一个解释这到底是么回事。控制塔的官员得这一消息后,非常气愤,因为气球有 可能 给飞机造成极大的危险。他说可能有人对基地进行侦察,因此命令那个飞行员跟踪那个奇怪的飞行 物。飞行员设气球飞了一阵。他看清了气球下面3 个人呆在一只筐里,其中一个举望远镜。气球飞临基地空时,飞行员看见有一个人在拍照。不久,气球开始降落,在一个停机坪附近了陆。警 察被召来了,但他们却不逮捕任何人,因为筐里是两名国会议员和一名基地的指挥官!如指挥官后来 解释的那样,基地的这半边不道那半边在干什么!

【课文讲解】

 


1A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. seem to be doing sth. 似乎做……

She seems to be looking for somebody/something. make for 走向,飞向,向……前进

After leaving Calais, the ship made for Dover.

 

2He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object.

keep track of 跟踪,追踪,保持联系,记录(反义词为 lose track ofKeep track of the man wearing a grey hat. He looks suspicious to me.

She managed to keep track of her friends.

 

3He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars. make out (勉强)看出,辨认出,听出

I can’t make out the boss’s handwriting.

In the darkness of night, he could just make out three men coming toward them.

 

4 The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station!

call in 召来

When he discovered that some important thins were missing in his room, he called the police in. Sam has a temperature. We’d better call in a doctor.

 

Special Difficulties make 连用的短语 make out

写出,填写(相当write out

He made out a cheque of 1,000 dollars and gave it to the secretary.

(勉强)看出,辨认出,听出,

Can you make out what they are talkingabout? I can’t make out the boss’s handwriting.

Jane is angry again. Sometimes I can’t make her out at all. Her moods change quickly. I could not make out what he said.

make up

编造,捏造,虚构

Every time he played truant, Tom would make up an excuse.

(给……)化妆/化装

She always makes herself up/makes up her face before going out. Making up takes up a lot of her time.

make up for 补偿,弥补

I had to walk faster to make up for lost time. She managed to make up for her mistake.

make for (匆匆)走向,向……前进

 


While the thief was making for his car, a policeman stopped him.

 


Lesson 92 Asking for trouble

New words and expressions】生词和短语5

fast adv. 熟(睡

ladder n. 梯子

shed n. 棚子

sarcastic adj. 讽刺的,讥笑的

tone n. 语气,腔调

tone n. 语气,腔调

n. 语气,口气,腔调

The policeman answered in a sarcastic tone.

n. 语调,声调

You should use the rising/falling tone at the end of this sentence.

n. 格调,风格,气氛

Her dress has a bright tone.

The building has a foreign tone.

 

Text

It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, 'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.' I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night.'

'So do I,' answered the policeman in the same tone. 'Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?'

'Well, I'd prefer to stay here,' I said. 'You see. I've forgotten my key.' 'Your what?' he called.

'My key,' I shouted.

Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.

参考译文

我回到家时,肯已是凌晨两左右了。我按响了门铃,试图唤醒我的妻子,但她睡得很熟。于是, 我从花园的小棚里搬来了一个梯子,把它靠在墙边,开始向卧室的窗口爬去。快要爬到窗口时,下面一个人用讽刺的口吻说:“我看不必在夜里这个时候擦窗子吧。”我向下面看去。我看清是一个警察时,差一点儿从梯子去。我回答了他的话,但马又后悔不该那样说,我是这样说的:“我喜欢在夜里擦窗子。”

“我是的,”警察用同样的声调回答,“请原谅我打断了您。一个人在忙干活时,我是不意去打断他的,但请您跟我到警察局去一趟好吗?”

更愿意呆在这,”我说,“您瞧,我忘带钥匙了。”

 


“什么?”他大声问。 “钥匙!”我喊道。

幸运得很,这喊声惊醒了我的妻子。在警察开始向我爬来时,她打开了窗子。

【课文讲解】

1Asking for trouble

ask for trouble 自找麻烦,自计苦吃(用于口语

The boss seems to be annoyed. To talk to him now is to ask for trouble.

 

2I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.

有些动词如 thinkbelieveexpectsuppose 后接表示否意思的宾语从时,通常在主中使用否,但译成汉语时否意义仍在宾语从中。

I don’t believe he is still in London.

need 表示“需要”时,后接动名词有被动的含义。

need cleaning = need to be cleaned

 

3I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night.' regret doing sth.              后悔……(对已发生的事表示后悔)

I regretted saying it almost at once.

regret to do sth. 遗憾……(对现在要发生的事表示

We regret to inform you that you needn’t come here next week. remember/forget +to do sth. 指末来的动作

I remembered to post the letters. 我记去邮信了。(没有忘记

I forgot to ask Tom. 我忘了去问汤姆。

remember/forget doing sth. 指过去的动作(已发生过

I remember posting/having posted the letters.

Have you forgotten meeting/having met her at a party?

你忘记了曾在一次聚会见过她吗?

stop to do sth. 指目的

On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper. stop doing sth. 下正的动作

When he told us the story, we just couldn’t stop laughing.

 

Special Difficulties

用于并列补充句和反应句的 so neither/nor

so neither/nor 用于并列补充和表示反应的子时表示“,同样”,so 用于肯定句neither/nor 于否定句。它们后跟的是省略形的分,只有助动词+主语,也可以态助动词+主语:

John can speak French and so can I. I didn’t got to the meeting last night. Neither/Nor did I.

You shouldn’t work so hard and nor should I.

 


Lesson 93 A noble gift

New words and expressions】生词和短语13

noble adj. 高尚的,壮丽的

monument n. 纪念碑

statue n. 雕像

liberty n. 自由

present v. 赠送

sculptor n. 雕刻家

actual adj. 实际的,真实的

copper n.

support v. 持,支撑

framework n. 构架,框架

transport v. 运送

site n. 场地

pedestal n. 底座

support v. 持,支撑

vt. 持,支撑个具东西

The actual figure was supported by a metal framework.

Feeling weak, she supported herself against a desk and rested for a short time.

vt. 护,赞成,持(人、想法等

He made the right decision. Unfortunately, nobody supported him.

I supported his opinion that another bridge should be built over the river.

vt. 抚养,供养,赡养

You need a high income these days to support a large family. My son can support himself now.

 

Text

One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.

参考译文

 


世界最著名的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是在 19 世纪时由国人民赠送给美国的。这座由雕像家奥古

.巴索尔地设计的巨大雕像是用 10 年时间雕像刻成的。这座雕像的主是用铜制成的,由艾菲尔制的金属框架支撑着。在雕像被运往美国之前,必须为它选好一块场地,同时必须建造一个基座。场地选 在了纽约港入口的一个鸟。到 1884 年,一座高151 英尺的雕像在巴黎竖立起来了。第二年,它被拆成

若干小块,运到美国。到 1886 10 月底,这座雕像被重新组装起来,由巴索尔地正式赠送给美国人民。从那时起,这座伟大的纪念碑对通过纽约港进入美国居的千百万人来说一直是自由的象征。

【课文讲解】

1One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States

of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像

the people 个国家的人民指复数的“人们”时通常不 the:

A lot of /Few people went to their wedding.

 

2The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. take…to pieces ……拆卸开/拆散

This machine is too large to be transported in whole. It has to be taken to pieces first.

 

3By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.

put…together ……装配起来(take…to piece 的反义词

I can’t put the brokenvase together. 我无把那打碎的花瓶重新拼起来。

4  Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.

ever since then 从那

make one’s home in… ……安家落户

Ian (has) left England and made his home in China.

 

Special Difficulties同形不同音的词

词既可以作名词又可以作动作,但有些词为不同的词类使用时发音,尤其是重音的位会有变化,这些词有:

accent

v.

重读

n.

重音,

conduct

v.

指挥导电

n.

行为,

conflict

v.

n.

contest

v.

争夺,竞争

n.

contrast

v.

形成对比

n.

对比,

export

v.

输出,出口

n.

出口,

increase

v.

n.

insult

v.

侮辱

n.

侮辱,

present

v.

赠送

n.

礼物,

product

v.

生产

n.

农产品,

 


 

protest

v. 抗议

n. 抗议,

record

v. 记录,录音

n. 记录,唱片,

refuse

v. 拒绝

n. 垃圾,

transport

v. 运输,运送

n. 运输

 


Lesson 94 Future champions

New words and expressions】生词和短语9

instruct v. 指导,传授

Los Angeles 洛杉矶

reluctant adj. 勉强的,不意的

weight n. 重物

underwater adj.

tricycle n. 三轮车

compete v. ,对

yard n.

gasp v. 喘气

instruct v. 指导,传授

vt. 指导,教,传授

Children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. Dan instructs chemistry at a nearby college.

vt. 批示,命令,吩咐

The doctor instructed Jimmy to stay in bed for a week. I’ve been instructed to give you this parcel.

 

compete v. 比,对抗

vi. ,对抗(通常与 with against

The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. During the singing contest, Mary competed with Helen for the first prize.

vi. 匹敌,比得,媲美(通常与 with 用,用于否定句

Hugh’s house can’t compete with yours.

None of his later books can compete with his first one.

 

Text

Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, but most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.

 


参考译文

实验证明,童在很小的时候就可以开始学习游泳。在洛杉矶的一个设的游泳池里,孩子们甚至在 还没有学会走路时已经熟练地在水呼吸了。两个月的婴并未显得不意入水。他们很快便适 应了游泳,捡起池底的物品。这些幼小的游泳运动员非常喜爱的一种游戏是水三轮车比。三轮 车并排放 7 英尺的游泳池底。孩子们比先到达游泳池的另一端。很孩子用脚蹬车,但数孩子更愿意推或是拉三轮车。有些孩子够跑完游泳池的全长而不用露出水换气。他们将来是否成 为奥林匹克的冠军,这只由时间来作出回答。与此同时,他们对我们中的那些游不了 5 已喘不过气来的人应该是种鼓舞。

【课文讲解】

1At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water

even before they can walk.

expert at/in doing sth. ……的专家,熟练者

Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. hold one’s breath 呼吸

Last night, when I heard a strange noise coming from the bar, I held my breath and listened carefully.

 

2It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool.

not long before 不久,很快

be accustomed to n./doing sth. 习惯的,适应了的

He soon became accustomed to his new job. My mother is accustomed to getting up early.

 

3A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. be popular with… ……的欢迎,为……所喜爱

Mary is popular with/among children. Swimming is popular with these girls.

 

4Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. line up (使)排成行/排队

Why are people lining up over there? Line these chairs up, please.

 

5The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. compete against ……竞争,与……抗衡

6Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once. come up for breath 换气

7Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell.

倒装,宾语从句置首,通常,以疑问词引导的宾语从会用于这种型:

 


What made him do it, no one knows.

How they found out the truth, only George can tell.

 


Lesson 95 A fantasy

New words and expressions】生词和短语12

fantasy n. 幻想故事

ambassador n. 大使

Escalopia n. 艾斯卡罗比亚(虚构的国名

frightful adj怕的,人吃惊的

fire extinguisher 灭火器

drily adv. 冷淡地,枯燥无味地

embassy n. 大使馆

heaven n. 天,天堂

basement n.

definitely adv.

post v. 派任

shot n. 子弹

post v. 派任

vt. 派任,委派(与人

I must definitely get that fellow posted. Two months ago, Horst was posted to Paris.

vt. 邮寄(与物用,美语用 mail

He posted me a Christmas card last year. Would you please post this parcel for me?

 

aim

vt. &vi.(把……)瞄准/对准

He aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He aimed at the dog but missed.

vi. 目标在于,志向

What he aims for is money. 他追求的是金钱。

She aims to be a painter.

n. 目的,目标,志向

What is your aim in life? You’ve missed your aim again.

 

Text

When the Ambassador of Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.

'What has happened?' she asked. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'

'A fire extinguisher, my dear,' answered the Ambassador drily. 'University students set the Embassy on fire this morning.'

'Good heavens!' exclaimed his wife. 'And where were you at the time?'

 


 

'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'

The Ambassador's wife went on asking questions, when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husband's hat. 'And how can you explain that?' she asked.

'Oh, that,' said the Ambassador. 'Someone fired a shot through my office window. Accurate, don't you think?

Fortunately, I wasn't wearing it at the time. If I had been, I would not have been able to get home for lunch.'

 

参考译文

艾斯卡罗比亚国的大使回到家吃午饭时,把他的夫人吓了一跳。他色苍,衣服搞得不成样子。 “发生了什么事?”她问,“你的衣服么搞得一塌糊涂?”

“灭火器弄的,亲爱的,”大使冷冷地回答,“今天午大学生们放火点着了大使馆。” “天啊!”他的夫人惊叫,“那你时在什么地方?”

“我和往常一样,在办公室里,”大使回答说。“地突然着火,我当然上下去了。但那个傻瓜霍把灭火器对准了我。他认为是我火了。我一要把那个家伙打发走。”

大使夫人继续提出问,她突然又发现丈夫的帽子有个洞。 “那么你对那又作何解释呢?”她问。

“那个嘛,”大使说,“有人向我办公室窗户开了一枪。真够准的,是不是?幸亏我时没戴帽子。如果真它,我现在回家来吃午饭了。”

【课文讲解】

1How did your clothes get into such a mess? get into a mess 搞得这样糟

When she returned from the market, the children had got the room into a terrible mess. Why was her hair in such a mess?

 

2University students set the Embassy on fire this morning. set…on fire 放火,使……燃烧,放火烧……

In 1834, someone set the Houses of Parliament on fire.

 

3The fire broke out in the basement.

break out (火灾、战争突然发生,爆发

When the fire broke out in the ship, Sally was frightened out of her wits.

 

4I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. aim…at ……瞄准

5Someone fired a shot through my office window. fire v. 发射(枪、弹

When the prisoner of war tried to escape, a guard fired a gun at him. A young man fired on the British Ambassador to Japan.

 


Lesson 96 The dead return

New words and expressions】生词和短语3

festival n. 节日

lantern n. 灯笼

spectacle n. 景象,壮观,场

drift

vi. 漂流,漂移

Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea. The boat drifted gently across the water.

vi. 漂泊,游荡

He has lost his job and just drifts in the city all day long. He drifted from France to Italy.

 

guide

vt. ……领路

The old man guided the explorers through the forest.

These lanterns will guide the dead on their return journey to the other world.

vt. 指导(……的行动响(……的决策

We should be always guided by truth. 我们应该永远受真的指导。

Don’t let your wife’s opinion guide your actions.

 

Text

A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.

参考译文

日本每年过一次“亡灵节”。这个节日是个欢乐的日子,因为在这一天,据说死去的人要回到他们的家 里来,的人则对他们表示欢迎。因为预料到他们在经过途旅行之后会感到饥饿,所以为他们摆放好 了食品。制的灯笼挂在各家的门外,为的是帮助亡灵看清道路。整个夜晚人们载歌载舞。一大,人们 便把为死者摆放的食品扔进河中或海里,因为人们认为活的人吃了这些东西是不吉利的。在靠海的城镇 中,天夜里挂在大街小巷的小灯笼在节后放在了水里。成千万只灯笼慢慢漂向大海,指引亡灵返 回另一个世界。这是一个感人的场,人们成群地伫立在海岸,注视灯笼远去,直到再看不见为止。

 


【课文讲解】

1A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan.

The dead the living 均为“冠词+形容词”结构,表示类人。

2As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. lay out 摆放,展示,摆设,摊开

Don’t lay out your clothes on the bed. Put them away.

 

3All night long, people dance and sing.

all night long 整夜(long 为副词,表示“整个,在整段期间中”,常与 all

It snowed all day long.

She stayed with her grandfather all summer long.

 

4Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. the other world              另一个世界,即阴间

She believes that she will meet her dead parents in the other world. the next world = the worldto come 来世

5  This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.

moving adj. 动人的,感人的

a moving spectacle 一个感人的场